主谓一致记忆口诀.pptx

Subject-Verb Agreement (主谓一致主谓一致)语法一致语法一致就近原则就近原则意义一致意义一致就远原则就远原则“主语主语+附属结构附属结构”作主语，谓语与作主语，谓语与主语主语一致一致即主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单即主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。用复数形式。即主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，即主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，这时谓语上为复数，但表示单数意义，这时谓语动词用单数形式。动词用单数形式。即谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，即谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近他的主语。取决于最靠近他的主语。AgreementAgreement单单复复最常见，集体名词谓用单单单复复最常见，集体名词谓用单，（group,family,class,team,public,enemy,crowd,company,audience,club,party,army,band）如若强调其成员，复数谓语记心间如若强调其成员，复数谓语记心间；His family _ poor and he couldnt get a good school.His family _ all music lovers.isare单单复复最常见，集体名词谓用单单单复复最常见，集体名词谓用单，（group,family,class,team,）如若强调其成员，复数谓语记心间如若强调其成员，复数谓语记心间；His family _ poor and he couldnt get a good school.His family _ all music lovers.isareThe group _ made up of nine students.The group_ dancing happily.is isareareThe team The team _ some good players.some good players.(have)(have)The team _ handsome.(be)The team _ handsome.(be)hashasareare有些名词谓常复，牛人警察和船员；有些名词谓常复，牛人警察和船员；(cattle;people，police,crew)(1)The cattle _ on the hill.(2)The police _ searching for a tall dark man with a beard.wereare有些名词谓常复，牛人警察和船员；有些名词谓常复，牛人警察和船员；(cattle;people，police,crew)(1)The cattle were on the hill.(2)The police are searching for a tall dark man with a beard.主语单数后接介，谓语单数介无关；主语单数后接介，谓语单数介无关；(with,along with,together with,as well as,besides,like,without,except,including,but)The teacher,together with his students,_ planting trees in the garden.I as well as they _ready to help you.isam主语单数后接介，谓语单数介无关主语单数后接介，谓语单数介无关；(with,along with,together with)The teacher,together with his students,is planting trees in the garden.I as well as they am ready to help you.就远原则就远原则“主语主语+附属结构附属结构”作主语，谓语与作主语，谓语与主语主语一致一致当主语后面跟有当主语后面跟有as well as,as much as,no less than,along with,with,like,rather than,together with,but,except,besides,including等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数由主语的单、复数而定。单、复数由主语的单、复数而定。1.1.The The teacherteacher with with two two students students _ _ at at the the meeting.(was/were)meeting.(was/were)2.E-mail,as well as the telephones,_ an important part in daily communication.A.is playing B.have played C.are playing D.play wasA就远原则就远原则fA Af 谓语动词与第一个主语谓语动词与第一个主语A A保持一致保持一致fAll All butbut one _(be)here just now.one _(be)here just now.fA A library library with with five five thousand thousand books books _(be)_(be)offered offered to to the the nation as a gift.nation as a gift.fA A peasant peasant together together withwith some some soldierssoldiers _(be)_(be)about about to to help help us.us.withwithalong withalong withtogether withtogether withbesidesbesidesbutbutexceptexceptincludingincludingas well asas well asrather thanrather thanBwerewereis isis is主语从句非谓语，主语从句非谓语，Many a再加再加More than one，谓语动词均用单谓语动词均用单;1.What he is doing seem very important.2.Serving the people _ my great happiness.3.More than one student try.4.Many a man die in the war.seemsishas triedhas died主语从句非谓语，主语从句非谓语，Many a再加再加More than one，谓语动词均用单谓语动词均用单;1.What he is doing seems very important.2.Serving the people is my great happiness.3.More than one student has tried.4.Many a man has died in the war.Going out for a walk after supper is a good habit.晚饭后出去散步是一个好习惯。晚饭后出去散步是一个好习惯。To see is to believe.眼见为实。眼见为实。Whether well go depends on the weather.我们是否去要取决于天气的好坏。我们是否去要取决于天气的好坏。动词不定式动词不定式(短语短语),动名词动名词(短语短语),或从句作主语时或从句作主语时,谓语谓语动词常用动词常用单数单数。例如：。例如：Or，nor，but also，there be，近主原则挂嘴边 Neither the students nor the teacher know anything about it.学生和那位学生和那位老师都不知道这事。老师都不知道这事。He or you take my pen.他或你拿了我的钢笔。他或你拿了我的钢笔。knowsHave takenOr，nor，but also，there be，近近主原则挂嘴边主原则挂嘴边 Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it.学生和那位学生和那位老师都不知道这事。老师都不知道这事。He or you have taken my pen.他或他或你拿了我的钢笔。你拿了我的钢笔。就近原则就近原则即谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，即谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近他的主语。取决于最靠近他的主语。A or B Not A but B Either A or B Neither A nor B Not only A but also B Verb就近原则：就近原则：1.我们教室里有一台电视机和56张桌子.There are 56 desks and one television in our classroom.There is one television and 56 desks in our classroom.存在句:There be.结构 Here There+Verb A and B A,B and C主语neither,either,one，谓语总是用三单；-Which do you prefer?Either _ Ok.is主语neither,either,one，谓语总是用三单；-Which do you prefer?Either is Ok.主语虽有主语虽有and连，连，and后面没有冠，后面没有冠，仅指一人或一事，谓语仍然是单三；仅指一人或一事，谓语仍然是单三；(1)The bread and butter _ served for breakfast.(2)The bread and the butter _ on sale.(3)The actor and director work hard every day.isareworks主语虽有主语虽有and连，连，and后面没有冠，后面没有冠，仅指一人或一事，谓语仍然是单三；仅指一人或一事，谓语仍然是单三；(1)The bread and butter is served for breakfast.(2)The bread and the butter are on sale.(3)The actor and director works hard every day.The gift is used to have western meals.What is it?A knife and fork_ used to have meals.is如如:表整体概念的并列结构表整体概念的并列结构bread and butter knife and forkiron and steel law and order配套事物：配套事物：a watch and chain a needle and thread The singer and dancer _ on the stage.is时间，价值度量衡，谓语常作单数看；时间，价值度量衡，谓语常作单数看；1.Eight hours of sleep _ enough.2.A hundred miles _a long distance.3.Ten pounds _ missing from my pocket.4.Twenty years _ passed since he left his hometown.isiswashas时间，价值度量衡，谓语常作单数看；时间，价值度量衡，谓语常作单数看；1.Eight hours of sleep is enough.2.A hundred miles is a long distance.3.Ten pounds was missing from my pocket.4.Twenty years has passed since he left his hometown.No teacher and no student _ in the classroom.Every pen and every book _(lay)on the desk already.has been laidNo、each、every后后and，两件（种）事物（情）系一概念。两件（种）事物（情）系一概念。(every and every；each and each；no and no）isNo teacher and no student is in the classroom.Every pen and every book _(lay)on the desk already.has been laidNo、each、every后后and，两件（种）事物（情）系一概念。两件（种）事物（情）系一概念。(every and every；each and each；no and no）most of the applesmost of the appleMost of the apples were rotten.大部分苹果是烂大部分苹果是烂的。的。Most of the apple was eaten by a rat.这个苹这个苹果的大半被老鼠吃掉果的大半被老鼠吃掉了。了。Altogether more than 70 percent of the surface of our planet _covered by water.is分数还有百分数，关键要看分数还有百分数，关键要看of后，后，或是根据上下文，判定所指是单复；或是根据上下文，判定所指是单复；分数分数百分数百分数half most partthe rest lots some plenty+of+名词名词作主语作主语谓语动词要和 of 之后的名词保持一致。分数还有百分数，关键要看分数还有百分数，关键要看of后，后，或是根据上下文，判定所指是单复；或是根据上下文，判定所指是单复；分数分数百分数百分数half most partthe rest lots some plenty+of+名词名词作主语作主语谓语动词要和 of 之后的名词保持一致。即分数或百分数+of+不可数名词或单数名词，谓语动词用单数 分数或百分数+of+复数名词，谓语动词用复数fTen percent of Ten percent of the pupilsthe pupils _ absent today._ absent today.fThree-fourths of Three-fourths of the surface the surface of the earth _ sea.of the earth _ sea.areareis isThe 加形容词表一类，谓语指加形容词表一类，谓语指人人是复数。是复数。the rich（富人），（富人），the living（活着的人）（活着的人）The sick _ been cured and the lost have been found.have形容词带形容词带the表一类，姓氏复数加定冠。表一类，姓氏复数加定冠。Rest、means、following，意义决定其复单。意义决定其复单。Some students are planting trees.The rest are watering them.Every means has been tried.Rest、means、following，意义决定其意义决定其复单。复单。Some students are planting trees.The rest are watering them.Every means has been tried.None、all、half of等，等，of之宾语定答案。之宾语定答案。All若指人谓复数，若指人谓复数，all指事情谓用单。指事情谓用单。Some students are planting trees.The rest of them are watering them.None of us are(is)perfect.人无完人。人无完人。None of this worries me.这事一点不使我着急。这事一点不使我着急。All are here except Tom.All has been finished.None、all、half of等，等，of之宾语定答案。之宾语定答案。All若指人谓复数，若指人谓复数，all指事情谓用单。指事情谓用单。Some students are planting trees.The rest of them are watering them.None of us are(is)perfect.人无完人。人无完人。None of this worries me.这事一点不使我着急。这事一点不使我着急。All are here except Tom.All has been finished.Neither dog _ big.(A.is B.are)Neither of them _ big.(A.is B.are)A Neither of the rabbits _ handsome.(A.is B.are)A/BNeither rabbit _ handsome.(A.is B.are)AA/B2.代词作主语代词作主语neither ofnone of不可数名词不可数名词+可数名词可数名词neither+单数名词单数名词 谓语动词用谓语动词用单数或复数单数或复数How to use none and neither谓语动词用单数谓语动词用单数谓语动词用单数谓语动词用单数a kind of,a pair of,a series of加名词加名词,谓语一般用单数。谓语一般用单数。A pair of shoes was on the deska kind of,a pair of,a series of加名词加名词,谓语一般用单数。谓语一般用单数。A pair of shoes was on the desk主谓一致的口诀：主谓一致的口诀：单单复复最常见，单单复复最常见，集体名词常用单。集体名词常用单。如若强调其成员，如若强调其成员，复数谓语记心间。复数谓语记心间。有些名词谓用复，有些名词谓用复，people,police即这般。即这般。主语单数后接介，主语单数后接介，谓语单数介无关。谓语单数介无关。many a 主语也如此，谓语动词应用单。主语也如此，谓语动词应用单。or,nor,but also,there be近主原则挂嘴边。近主原则挂嘴边。关系代词定主语，关系代词定主语，谓语根据先行词判。谓语根据先行词判。不定式短语、动名词、主语从句谓全单。不定式短语、动名词、主语从句谓全单。时间、货币与距离，时间、货币与距离，谓语多单复少见。谓语多单复少见。rest,means,following,意义决定其复单。意义决定其复单。and连接两名词，连接两名词，身兼两职一定冠。身兼两职一定冠。no,each,every后单各，两种事物一概念。后单各，两种事物一概念。以上情况请记清，以上情况请记清，谓语动词全用单。谓语动词全用单。形容词带形容词带the表一类，姓氏复数加定冠。表一类，姓氏复数加定冠。-s结尾山脉与群岛，结尾山脉与群岛，谓语用复勿用单。谓语用复勿用单。代词代词neither，either，each等用作主语全用单。等用作主语全用单。Something _(has/have)gone wrong with my watch.Anybody who _(break/breaks)the rule will be punished.3.不定代词不定代词somebody,someone,something,anybody,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,no one,nothing等作主语，等作主语，谓语动词用谓语动词用单数单数形式形式;hasbreaks