建筑-土木工程-外文翻译-外文文献-英文文献-建筑业的竞争及竞争策略.doc

外文文献：
Construction of the competition and competition strategy
Engineering and construction firms from the United States dominated the global market for many decades but recent world events have altered their position.
To investigate the driving forces and trends that will affect engineering and construction competition in the next decade, a research project, called the "Anatomy of Construction Competition in the Year 2000", was sponsored by the Construction Industry Institute's Construc-tion 2000 Task Force- The project examined the factors that affect competitiveness, including the following,
The shaping of corporate capabilities; vertical integration and horizontal expansion to increase corporate capabilities and market share, including acquisition and mergers by offshore conglomerates and the acquisition of foreign firms by U. S. companies.
Financing options; the role of privatization, build-own-transfer projects, and the nature of project financing in future markets,
Management, organization, and structure; future management and organizational approaches, structures, and techniques to attract personnel to perform in a global competitive environment.
Work force characteristics; future availability of engineering and construction workers at the professional and craft levels.
Technological issues:how technology will affect competition and be used to offset work force shortages.
Research Objectives and Scope
This research project's goal is to collect information, to adapt to the 2000 and the engineering construction after adjustment, formulate strategies needed to provide insight and formulate 2000 engineering construction of possible development plan. This study reviewed the project construction process of history, current development trend, to determine the impact of the industry, and the impetus to the future industrial enterprises are related to reshape the ability, privatisation and financing methods of potential function and management, organization structure, methods for future development direction.
Research scope includes selected some of the company, the company has interviewed expertise personnel. The staff professional wide range, including commercial buildings, public buildings, industrial infrastructure, infrastructure construction, power, light industry. The production process and space science.
Engineering construction competitive characteristics
Engineering construction of competition because the following reasons in change features:
In the 1980s, and plan in the 1990s, the implementation of the project construction are guided from contradictory situation, to cooperate.
Should be in a positive view of the new company to enter the international market, because of its construction increased global cooperation opportunities. Cooperation will make all the partners, because the American company benefit can be found in the country partner, likewise, foreign companies opportunities will break into the U.S. Market.
Competitive strategy
Future strategy
In 2000, the company will strive to do:
Provide the highest quality service
Can assume any part of the world
In order to reduce the split ground and risk control
Out in international market the most competitive price
In order to achieve the ideal, engineering construction should be:
Increase staff capital investment
The knowledge and improve labor technology level
Have solid complete communications and transport infrastructure
Concentrate on key research, product quality is guaranteed, fine, and arouse the enthusiasm of the workers, improve workers technology level.
The 21st century is the main factor fractal ring will compete in the international market, including the integration of productivity, union salary to abate, reduce the power industry management and privatization.
American company competition ability, largely depends on developing and effective use of technical innovation. American companies need not only use the technical innovation, domestic by other countries optimization improved technology. In the future will be popular technology innovation will not some big breakthrough, but the existing technology continuous improvements.
British buildings company profile
In the early 1990s, the head of the flexible builders who don't make a building, but what else can do, making many buildings company suffered a serious blow the economic depression, experienced and excessive expansion of real estate industry also. But, when he saw them in the real estate industry (in the big money, most of them in order to disencumber the bet down again in the real estate market.
By Alan cosmas indicopleustes under the leadership of Mr. Shaw ai enjoy in the old field company Merck's reputation can earn cash on the balance sheet, and can keep the balance. However, in some areas of the world, the company also man a dilemma, especially in the United States, the change from a Louisiana oil and natural gas market of recession, it is especially outstanding in Britain, the commercial and industrial real estate market, the company is faced with a difficult situation, with profits. And it also became worse.
The company's development, walid UK early 1990s third big house builders, probably because London suburb will have a copy from the era of George sell buildings of former prime minister Margaret thatcher and world-famous. The company's character, chairman of the unique Laurie walid from Mr Often "give" iron lady public support. The approximate mythological blessing that he seemed destined to enjoy. In fact, the company also is different, the influence of the housing slump is strong in Laurie, under the leadership of the company now recover its stronger towards the financial status. Laurie retired charge again situation (1991 fall after his retirement he restored to the company recalled). As most of its business competitors, the industry in different market also suffered a serious blow, although the slump in 1993, the company is beginning to improve long-term credit rating IBCA institution of the first buildings company business development for a while.
John, the company is different, have very good to withstand the latest world construction difficulties. They have abundant capital, clearly recognized that they have greatly reduced the book value of the asset. For example, in early 1990, they in real estate in the bank delimit lost 1 ￡2m value. After that, they cut and labor. Despite their housing sales still quite good, but its profit is reduced. The company is in most lai attention is famous for its environmental problems.
The status and the tower mike company walid special form bright contrast, in 1993, their credit rating agency reduced by IBCA. This company in the 1980s most time trying to prove to the world that they are the UK's biggest builders, the information being understanding, and either, but hopefully it never happened. They suffer from cope with high growth rate cuts, to build houses. But the company is still tower mike Britain's biggest construction and building materials group company. October 1992, they closed the real estate business, and this is the will of the seven business to three (building, quarrying and residential building) part of the plan. Michael essien, Somerville, resistant to fly, the group's President, in the company after 22 years in the spring of 1992, sit on the seat of the hot ass. People think that the housing problem of exposure, this position has arrived at the point, which including several on a company's balance sheet of the large-scale joint enterprise, joint enterprise business, actually makes corporation debts machine more.
Taylor wood of real estate industry recession Royce unpleasant experiences embodied in 1992, when the estate of autumn is Daniel Peter HeJi sudden resignation, it also happens in its predecessor, Peter trillion resigned after all shocked by only a few months. Home, then reverse, Taylor wood Rolls-Royce announced due to bad management, caused severe losses. Although construction contracting business increasingly important status in a recession, but company two-thirds of income from this business is. However, the company has a huge investment assets securities, rental income more than 5 year 2000 million pounds. The company has no longer conduct risky business projects, at least until the situation in better later.
Eastern European architectural market competition situation analysis
At present, the economic reforms of the eastern Europe, thus caused confusion of these areas of business activities with the new economic system. Experts say, analyzed from a long-term perspective, using the market economic policy will bring a more stable, and more favorable economic environment. The reform of political economy in eastern Europe will be for those who are willing to invest in this area of the company to create a lot of money but market. If you keep the momentum, before long, eastern Europe 5640 billion dollars each year for the construction of international construction market will be more than one-third of the market. This area is open to the world situation inaugurated a new construction.
The object of study
The goal is to establish a framework, and international engineering and construction company may formulate feasible strategy, and to evaluate the. The framework has been introduced for the project construction company outside the eastern area in the construction business is very helpful. In order to measure the market opportunities and challenges, we sent the questionnaires and interviews, the individual to identify important success factors or aspects. Thus illustrates construction company in determining their strategy must possess the characteristics. Through the research of strategic framework has been set up in this area by an actual construction, an international engineering and construction company is considering to undertake the engineering, to test this strategic framework in specific market environment effect.
The research methods
By reference to the literature, questionnaire issued a personal interview, and the research target has been achieved. This research using data from the world's major construction company. Including 13 U.S. companies, two south Korean companies.
Questionnaires to collect data compiled for investigation and ensure the consistency of the content. The problem, not the way people won't produce a certain criteria. Free to answer this question, ask questions in order to guarantee the unfavorable and overmuch. Participate in the company's answer to the question, questionnaire involving the problems in three aspects: (1) the eastern architecture market opportunities and challenges, (2) the construction of key factors YangChengGong city, (3) to determine the strategic framework, construction industry should make adjustments. Each main parts attached to a set of problems under which the object of study, make clear further.
Interview based on construction engineering company voluntary under the condition of the study of the company, in answer
The telephone interviews survey or separate. For these companies how to build and use their own in this area is a strategic framework, if the researchers believe that the method is feasible, and they put main skills assembly written. By visiting personnel to answer questions, what is eastern architecture market success factor ? The important factor in his company is a positive or negative impact? What effect? Researchers also collected from international architectural engineering, as well as a lesson in later in the project of measures have been taken.
The future trend of real estate investment
Housing has been the most important in the modern life of demand. Families with more spacious and comfortable housing demand has increased, and hope to have more disposable income in the house. As a result, households residential become very expensive. In addition, the new population statistics show that currently existing housing needs to sell the house of points, recreational property and retiree community. Commercial and industrial real estate investment is also very good. In order to judge what real estate market within the scope of comparative spruce, analyzed the market is very important. However, many investment prospects are very optimistic.
The feasibility of the economy, the future of the investment real estate showing strong. But in general economic conditions, also do not exclude it "low" period. If investors can develop a safety strategy, so they will get considerable income. These strategies including effective operation and management, analyzes the problem, real estate and correct treatment, the contradiction between the owner and the occupiers and understand the role of investment and investment project, the influence of the government in property.
The real estate investor can dominate the market this problem with real estate income has more than ordinary shares, the problem is an old problem. Actually no reason to believe that an investor can use the same market information and analytical skills in long-term operation can obtain excess profit. However, using internal message, data analysis and complex analysis method, so investors will probably make a better choice than its competitors. According to the real estate market, real estate investment process for investment and reduce costs "and" obtain good results provide the opportunity of investors.
We know "lucky" or luck may produce short-term abnormal returns. We even have a few people because of good news to avoid "seek more expensive and succeed. Although a few of these people, they have intuition according to the real estate investment process. If you have the talent, don't study also to investment.
The types of real estate investment in real estate investment is residence though relatively common form, and some properties of future investors have quite attractive. In each of the different fields during, and residential areas including real estate, commercial real estate, industrial real estate, agriculture, such as golf, and real estate and other special purposes. Although effective analysis skills necessary to investment projects with enlarged and complex and increasing, but the basic skills and real estate investment process remains unchanged.
But the real income in accordance with the income level can rent levels and geographical location and according to the classification. The position of urban real estate value economic influence the effect of economic environment, so the analysis is very important. However, some places of the land clearly more suitable for specific purposes. For example, in the development of new urban residential area, the land may be too expensive, is not suitable for the development of low density garden project.
Because it is so hard to use accurate way to predict future events, forecast and actual differenc