中央电大开放本科妇产科学与儿科护理学期末复习试题及答案参考资料.doc

中央电大开放本科妇产科学与儿科护理学期末复习试题及答案参考资料

资料仅供参考
试卷代号：1325
中央广播电视大学第二学期“开放本科”期末考试
妇产科学与儿科护理学 试题

一、单项选择题（每小题2分，共50分）
1．正常足月妊娠时，羊水的量约为( )。
A．350ml B．500ml C．1000ml D． ml E．2500ml
2．常见来推算预产期的依据是( )。
A．末次月经开始的第一天 B．早孕反应开始的时间 C．孕早期的妇科检查结果 D．开始感觉到胎动的时间
E．测量官底的高度
3．下列症状可能与绝经有关，但应除外( )。
A．易于激动 B．肢体疼痛 C．尿频、尿急 D．严重抑郁，多次自杀倾向 E．外阴灼热感，分泌物减少
4．女性孕前及孕初补充叶酸的目的是( )。
A．降低胎儿神经管畸形的发生率 B．预防母儿缺铁性贫血
C．预防各种遗传性疾病 D．提高胎儿的智力水平 E．防止羊水过多或过少
5．葡萄胎患者随访时必须进行的检查是( )。
A．阴道脱落细胞涂片检查 B．测血、尿中的HCG值
c．B型超声检查有无胎囊 D．多普勒超声检查听取胎心 E．CT检查脑转移情况
6．在手术切除的标本病理检查中，发现子宫肌层及输卵管中有滋养细胞并显著增生成团
块状；细胞大小，形态均不一致；有出血及坏死；但绒毛结构完整。最可能的诊断为( )。
A．葡萄胎 B．子宫体癌 C．绒毛膜癌 D．卵巢肿瘤 E．侵蚀性葡萄胎
7．使用最广泛的甾体激素避孕药是( )。
A．复方短效口服避孕药 B．长效避孕针 C．探亲避孕药 D．缓释避孕药 E．复方长效口服避孕药
8．李女士，58岁，绝经8年后阴道流血2个月，出血量时多时少，盆腔检查：官颈光滑，子
宫正常大小、软，双侧附件正常。怀疑子宫内膜癌，为明确诊断艏选的辅助检查是( )。
A．官颈涂片检查 B．阴道镜检查 C．官颈活体组织检查 D．分段诊断性刮宫 E．阴道脱落细胞检查
9．有关妊娠期高血压疾病患者产时和产后的护理，错误的措施是( )。
A．在第一产程应严密监测病人的生命体征、尿量、胎心及自觉症状等 B．尽量缩短第二产程
C．胎儿娩出前肩后立即静脉推注麦角新碱 D．胎儿娩出后测血压，病情稳定后方可送回病房
E．重症病人产后应继续硫酸镁治疗
10．输卵管妊娠最常见的原因是( )。
A．内分泌失调 B．受精卵游走 C．输卵管慢性炎症 D．输卵管手术粘连 E．精神神经功能紊乱
11.慢性盆腔炎患者的临床表现，不包括( )。
A．下腹部坠胀、疼痛 B．月经失调 C．经量增多 D．高热、寒战、头痛 E．不孕
12.有关慢性盆腔炎的治疗，错误的是( )。
A．增加营养，锻炼身体，提高抵抗力 B．单一疗法效果差，采用综合治疗为主
C．物理治疗 D．抗生素治疗 E．不宜手术治疗
13.小儿先能抬头后能坐，之后能走是遵循的发育顺序是( )。
A．由上到下的顺序 B．由近到远的顺序 C．由粗到细的顺序 D．由低级到高级的顺序
E．由简单到复杂的顺序
14．一周内每日腹泻4次以上的儿童严禁使用的疫苗是( )。
A．卡介苗 B．麻疹疫苗 C．乙肝疫苗 D．乙脑疫苗 E．脊髓灰质炎疫苗
15.新生儿肺透明膜病主要是由于( )。
A．病毒感染 B．保暖不良 C．羊水吸人 D．胎粪排出延迟 E．缺乏肺表面活性物质
16.新生儿生后24小时之内出现黄疸，应首先考虑( )。
A．新生儿肝炎 B．新生儿溶血病 C．先天性胆道闭锁 D．新生儿败血症 E．母乳性黄疸
17．蛋白质一热能营养不良的最初症状( )。
A．肌肉张力低下 B．智力发育呆滞 C．身长低于正常 D．运动功能发育迟缓 E．体重不增
18.人体维生素D主要来源于( )。
A．皮肤合成的内源性维生素D B．蛋黄中的维生素D C．猪肝中的维生素D D．鱼类提供维生素D
E．谷物中的维生素D
19. io%葡萄糖200ml、生理盐水300ml、1.4%碳酸氢钠100ml，其混合液的张力是(
A．1/2张 B．1/3张 C．2/3张 D．1/4张 E．等张
20.4岁小儿测血压平均正常的结果是( )。
A. 60/40mmHg B.80/50mmHg c. 88/50mmHg D.94/60mmHg E．l00/64mmHg
21.急性肾小球肾炎的前驱感染最常见的病原是( )。
A．链球菌 B．葡萄球菌 C．支原体 D．病毒 E．原虫
22．水痘患儿应隔离至( )。
A．出疹后5天 B．出疹后10天 C．部分皮疹结痂 D．全部皮疹结痂 E．全部皮疹消退，结痂脱落
23．PPD试验(+++)为( )。
A．硬结直径20mm以上 B．红斑直径20mm以上 C硬结直径10～20mm D．红斑直径15mm以上
E．红斑直径20mm以上伴水疱及局部坏死
24.以下几项原因可引起中枢性呼吸衰竭的是( )。
A．心力衰竭 B．氮质血症 C．脑膜脑炎 D．急性喉炎 E．支气管哮喘
25．婴幼儿时期最常见惊厥的原因是( )。
A．高热惊厥 B．癫痫 C．中毒性脑病 D．脑炎和脑膜炎 E．低血糖和水电紊乱
二、名词解释（每题4分，共20分）
26．围婚期保健
27．仰卧位低血压综合征
28．轮状病毒肠炎
29．惊厥持续状态
30．抗结核全杀菌药
三、筒答题（每题6分，共18分）
31．简述预防官颈癌患者腹部手术后尿潴留的护理措施。’
32.简述小儿心跳呼吸骤停的临床症状及体征。
33．简述小儿水代谢的特点。
四、病例分析题（共12分）
34.某初产妇，27岁，停经31周，因阴道流血1天收入院。患者于1日前无明显诱因出现
阴道流血，量较多，无腹痛。入院检查：血压120/70mmHg，尿蛋白（一），下肢水肿（一），血色素
82g/L。B超提示胎盘位于子宫右后壁延至前壁覆盖官颈内口。该孕妇当前收入院观察。请
综合以上资料
(1)列出患者的临床诊断。
(2)列出2个主要的护理问题。
(3)列出主要的护理措施。

试卷代号：1325
中央广播电视大学 - 第二学期“开放本科”期末考试
妇产科学与儿科护理学试题答案及评分标准
7月

一、单项选择题（每小题2分，共20分）
1．C 2．A 3．D 4．A 5．B 6．E 7．A 8．D 9．C 10.C 11．D 12.E 13．A 14.E 15.E 16.B 17.E 18.A 19.C 20.C 21．A 22．D 23．A 24．C 25.A
二、名词解释（每题4分，共20分）
26.围婚期保健：围婚期保健是为保障婚配双方及其后代健康，（1分）在结婚前后一段时
间所进行的健康保健服务工作，（1分）包括婚前医学检查、围婚期健康教育（1分）及婚前卫生
咨询。（1分）
27.仰卧位低血压综合征：指孕妇若长时间仰卧位，（1分）增大的子宫压迫下腔静脉，可引
起回心血量减少、）心搏量降低，（1分）迷走神经兴奋（1分），血压下降等症状。（1分）
28．轮状病毒肠炎：是秋、冬季小儿腹泻最常见的疾病，呈散发或小流行。（1分）常见于6
个月至2岁小儿，4岁以上者少见（1分）。主要经粪一口传播，潜伏期1～3天，起病急，常伴发
热和上呼吸道感染症状（1分）。多先有呕吐、随后出现腹泻，每日大便10次以上甚至数十次，
量多，水样或蛋花汤样，黄色或黄绿色，无腥臭味，（1分）常伴脱水、酸中毒及电解质紊乱，但无
明显的感染中毒症状。
29.惊厥持续状态：如惊厥时间超过30分钟（2分）或两次发作间歇期意识不能完全恢复
（1分）称惊厥持续状态（1分），为惊厥的危重型。
30.抗结核全杀菌药：异烟肼(INH)和利福平(RFP)有较强的渗透力（1分），在酸性和碱
性环境中均能发挥作用（1分），对细胞内处于生长繁殖状态的结核菌（1分）和于酪灶内代谢缓
慢的结核菌均有杀灭作用。（1分）
三、筒答题【每题6分，共18分）
31．简述预防官颈癌患者腹部手术后尿潴留的护理措施。
可采取以下措施预防尿潴留的发生：①稳定患者的情绪，增加信心，取得患者的合作，避免
因紧张、焦虑加重尿道括约肌的痉挛。（1分）②拔除尿管前3天开始夹闭尿管，每2～3小时
定时开放1次，以训练膀胱恢复其正常功能。（2分）③拔除尿管后1—2小时协助患者自行排
尿，如病情允许可协助患者离床或蹲位排尿。（1分）④帮助建立排尿反射如听流水声，下腹部
热敷，按摩等。（1分）⑤如以上措施无效必要时采取导尿术解除尿潴留。（1分）
32.简述心跳呼吸骤停的临床症状体征。
(1)意识突然丧失（1分），可有一过性抽搐（1分）。
(2)大动脉搏动消失，血压测不出。（1分）
(3)心音消失或心动严重过缓；（1分）
(4)呼吸停止或严重呼吸困难（表浅、缓慢、倒气）（1分）。
以上四条为诊断主要条件，另外瞳孔散大、紫绀为参考依据（1分）
33.简述小儿水代谢的特点。
(1)小儿所需能量相对较高，故需水量也相对高（1分）。婴儿水交换率比成人快3～4倍，
因此小儿对缺水的耐受力差，容易出现脱水（1分）。
(2)小儿不显性失水也较多（1分），特别体温升高和呼吸加快均可使不显性失水增加。(1
分)
(3)小儿消化道的液体交换量大，若出现腹泻时，水的再吸受障碍，极易发生水和电解质紊
乱。（1分）
(4)肾脏调节功能差（1分）肾脏的浓缩和稀释功能对于体液平衡调节起着重要作用。小
儿肾脏功能不成熟，年龄越小，肾脏浓缩、稀释、酸化尿和保留碱基的功能均较低，发生水和电
解质紊乱的机会越多。
四、病例分析题（共12分）
34．(1)临床诊断：前置胎盘（1分）；失血性贫血（1分）
(2)护理问题：
潜在并发症：出血性休克
有感染的危险：与孕妇贫血有关
自理能力缺陷：与绝对卧位休息有关
（以上每个护理问题2分，包括书写格式正确，选择2个即可）
(3)护理措施：
①保证休息。孕妇需要绝对卧床休息，尤以左侧卧位为佳，并定时间段吸氧，每日3次，每
次1小时。
②减少刺激。孕妇需避免各种刺激，以减少出血机会。医护人员进行腹部检查时动作要
轻柔，禁作阴道检查及肛查。
③监测生命体征，及时发现病情变化。严密观察并记录孕妇生命体征，阴道流血的量、色、
流血时间及一般状况，监测胎儿官内状态。
④认真执行医嘱。及时完成实验室检查项目，查血型，交叉配血备用；发现异常及时报告
医师并配合处理。
⑤加强会阴部护理。使用消毒会阴垫，并及时更换，以保持会阴部清洁、干燥。
⑥提供心理支持。稳定患者情绪，配合治疗方案。
⑦加强饮食营养及用药指导。建议孕妇多食高蛋白以及含铁丰富的食物，如动物肝、绿叶
蔬菜以及豆类等，配合补充铁剂等措施有效纠正贫血状况。。
（以上每项内容1分，列出主要的6项即可）
请您删除一下内容，O(∩_∩)O谢谢！！！【China's 10 must-see animations】The Chinese animation industry has seen considerable growth in the last several years. It went through a golden age in the late 1970s and 1980s when successively brilliant animation work was produced. Here are 10 must-see classics from China's animation outpouring that are not to be missed. Let's recall these colorful images that brought the country great joy. Calabash Brothers Calabash Brothers (Chinese: 葫芦娃) is a Chinese animation TV series produced by Shanghai Animation Film Studio. In the 1980s the series was one of the most popular animations in China. It was released at a point when the Chinese animation industry was in a relatively downed state compared to the rest of the international community. Still, the series was translated into 7 different languages. The episodes were produced with a vast amount of paper-cut animations. Black Cat Detective Black Cat Detective (Chinese: 黑猫警长) is a Chinese animation television series produced by the Shanghai Animation Film Studio. It is sometimes known as Mr. Black. The series was originally aired from 1984 to 1987. In June , a rebroadcasting of the original series was announced. Critics bemoan the series' violence, and lack of suitability for children's education. Proponents of the show claim that it is merely for entertainment. Effendi "Effendi", meaning sir and teacher in Turkish, is the respectful name for people who own wisdom and knowledge. The hero's real name was Nasreddin. He was wise and witty and, more importantly, he had the courage to resist the exploitation of noblemen. He was also full of compassion and tried his best to help poor people. Adventure of Shuke and Beita【舒克与贝塔】 Adventure of Shuke and Beita (Chinese: 舒克和贝塔) is a classic animation by Zheng Yuanjie, who is known as King of Fairy Tales in China. Shuke and Beita are two mice who don't want to steal food like other mice. Shuke became a pilot and Beita became a tank driver, and the pair met accidentally and became good friends. Then they befriended a boy named Pipilu. With the help of PiPilu, they co-founded an airline named Shuke Beita Airlines to help other animals. Although there are only 13 episodes in this series, the content is very compact and attractive. The animation shows the preciousness of friendship and how people should be brave when facing difficulties. Even adults recalling this animation today can still feel touched by some scenes. Secrets of the Heavenly Book Secrets of the Heavenly Book, (Chinese: 天书奇谈) also referred to as "Legend of the Sealed Book" or "Tales about the Heavenly Book", was released in 1983. The film was produced with rigorous dubbing and fluid combination of music and vivid animations. The story is based on the classic literature "Ping Yao Zhuan", meaning "The Suppression of the Demons" by Feng Menglong. Yuangong, the deacon, opened the shrine and exposed the holy book to the human world. He carved the book's contents on the stone wall of a white cloud cave in the mountains. He was then punished with guarding the book for life by the jade emperor for breaking heaven's law. In order to pass this holy book to human beings, he would have to get by the antagonist fox. The whole animation is characterized by charming Chinese painting, including pavilions, ancient architecture, rippling streams and crowded markets, which fully demonstrate the unique beauty of China's natural scenery. Pleasant Goat and Big Big Wolf【喜洋洋与灰太狼】 Pleasant Goat and Big Big Wolf (Chinese:喜羊羊与灰太狼) is a Chinese animated television series. The show is about a group of goats living on the Green Pasture, and the story revolves around a clumsy wolf who wants to eat them. It is a popular domestic animation series and has been adapted into movies. Nezha Conquers the Dragon King（Chinese: 哪吒闹海） is an outstanding animation issued by the Ministry of Culture in 1979 and is based on an episode from the Chinese mythological novel "Fengshen Yanyi". A mother gave birth to a ball of flesh shaped like a lotus bud. The father, Li Jing, chopped open the ball, and beautiful boy, Nezha, sprung out. One day, when Nezha was seven years old, he went to the nearby seashore for a swim and killed the third son of the Dragon King who was persecuting local residents. The story primarily revolves around the Dragon King's feud with Nezha over his son's death. Through bravery and wit, Nezha finally broke into the underwater palace and successfully defeated him. The film shows various kinds of attractive sceneries and the traditional culture of China, such as spectacular mountains, elegant sea waves and exquisite ancient Chinese clothes. It has received a variety of awards. Havoc in Heaven The story of Havoc in Heaven（Chinese: 大闹天宫）is based on the earliest chapters of the classic story Journey to the West. The main character is Sun Wukong, aka the Monkey King, who rebels against the Jade Emperor of heaven. The stylized animation and drums and percussion accompaniment used in this film are heavily influenced by Beijing Opera traditions. The name of the movie became a colloquialism in the Chinese language to describe someone making a mess. Regardless that it was an animated film, it still became one of the most influential films in all of Asia. Countless cartoon adaptations that followed have reused the same classic story Journey to the West, yet many consider this 1964 iteration to be the most original, fitting and memorable, The Golden Monkey Defeats a Demon【金猴降妖】 The Golden Monkey Defeats a Demon (Chinese: 金猴降妖), also referred as "The Monkey King Conquers the Demon", is adapted from chapters of the Chinese classics "Journey to the West," or "Monkey" in the Western world. The five-episode animation series tells the story of Monkey King Sun Wukong, who followed Monk Xuan Zang's trip to the West to take the Buddhistic sutra. They met a white bone evil, and the evil transformed human appearances three times to seduce the monk. Twice Monkey King recognized it and brought it down. The monk was unable to recognize the monster and expelled Sun Wukong. Xuan Zang was then captured by the monster. Fortunately Bajie, another apprentice of Xuan Zang, escaped and persuaded the Monkey King to come rescue the monk. Finally, Sun kills the evil and saves Xuan Zang. The outstanding animation has received a variety of awards, including the 6th Hundred Flowers Festival Award and the Chicago International Children's Film Festival Award in 1989. McDull【麦兜】 McDull is a cartoon pig character that was created in Hong Kong by Alice Mak and Brian Tse. Although McDull made his first appearances as a supporting character in the McMug comics, McDull has since become a central character in his own right, attracting a huge following in Hong Kong. The first McDull movie McMug Story My Life as McDull documented his life and the relationship between him and his mother.The McMug Story My Life as McDull is also being translated into French and shown in France. In this version, Mak Bing is the mother of McDull, not his father..