文化习题及答案.pdf

中国文化练习题及答案中国文化练习题及答案Part 1 Wisdom and BeliefsUnit 1 Confucian Thought on Heaven and HumanityHomework:(一）Questions:1)What is The Analects mainly about?2)What is Confucius view on Heaven?3)What is Confucius innovative idea about Heaven?4)What does the“heavenly mission”refer to?5)How is Confucius concept of Heaven related to the modern ecological civilization?6)What is Confucius interpretation of ren?7)According to Confucius,what is the most important part of li?8)What qualities are“persons of virtue”supposed to have?9)Why do people need to study music according to Confucius?（二）Translation 1）天何言哉？四时行焉，百物生焉，天何言哉？2)生生之谓易。3）天地之大德曰生。4）获罪于天，无所禄也。5）仁者，人也，亲亲为大。6）父母在，不远游，游必有方。7）父母之年，不可不知也。一则以喜，一则以惧。8）己欲立而立人，己欲达而达人。9）己所不欲，勿施于人。10）子生三年，然后免于父母之怀。11）礼之用，和为贵。12）知之者不如好之者，好之者不如乐之者。（三）Careful Reading1、Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to each of the following questions.1)All the following are the titles of Confucius EXCEPT _.A.an educator B.a biologist C.a scholar D.a philosopher2)The expression“filial piety”most probably means being _.A.loyal to the state B.obedient to sister(s)C.responsible D.dutiful to parents3)Which of the following can best describe Confucius view on the relationship between man and nature/Heaven?A.Brothers.B.Husband and wife.C.Doctor and patient.D.Mother and son.4)Through burial and ancestral worship rituals,people can learn that_.A.nature is lifeless so it will never die B.individuals life can be everlasting by joining nature C.they should be grateful to their parents for giving them livesD.individuals lifespan is short,so they should enjoy life as much as possible5)Which of the following is the most important part of Confucius curriculum?A.Music.B.Calligraphy C.Virtue D.Mathematics6)Zi lu,Ran You and Gongxi Chis aspirations represent_,while Zeng Dians reflects_.A.personal ambition;selfishness B.lofty ideals;meaningless pursuit C.personal struggle;generous contribution D.individual contribution to society;harmony(四）Communication1)God bless2)Thank God3)Please God4)For Gods sake5)God forbid6)Man proposes,God disposes.7)God helps those who help themselves.Answers（一）（一）Questions1.1)The Analects is mainly about Confucius words and life story.2)Confucius regarded Heaven as nature.3)Confucius innovative idea about Heaven is that Heaven(or nature)is the process of life creation.4)The heavenly mission is to accomplish Heavens purpose of protecting and improving life.5)Confucius advocated“standing in awe of the ordinances of Heaven”and warned against offending Heaven.This is,in essence,equivalent to the modern idea of staying in harmony with nature.So in this way Confucius concept of Heaven is similar to the modern ecological civilization.6)Confucius interpreted ren as love of people,which begins with the love for ones parents.7)According to Confucius,the most important part of li is the burial and ancestral worship rituals.8)Persons of virtue are supposed to have sound character and uplifted minds and they can shoulder important social responsibilities and make contributions to society.9)According to Confucius,studying music can lift ones spirit and help one appreciate beauty.（二）（二）Translation1）Heaven does not speak in words.It speaks through the rotation of the four seasons and the growth of all living things.2)Continuous creation of life is change.3)The great virtue of Heaven and Earth is creating life.4)He who offends against Heaven has none to whom he can pray.5)The greatest love for people is the love for ones parents.6)Children should not travel far while their parents are alive.If they have no choice but to do so,they must retain some restraint.7)Children should think often of the age of their parents.They should feel happy for the health and longevity of their parents.They should also feel concern for the aging of their parents.8)While fulfilling ones own desires,allow others to fulfill theirs.9)Do not do toward others anything you would not want to be done to you.10)A child should not leave his parents bosom until he is three years old.11)The role of li is to maintain harmony among people.12)Simply knowing the highest standard of virtue is not as good as setting it as ones goal.Setting it as ones goal is not as good as enjoying practicing of it.（三）（三）Careful ReadingB D D B C D(四）四）Communication1)上帝保佑用于向某人表示关爱2）谢天谢地，感谢上帝3）但愿用于表示非常强烈的愿望4）看在上帝的份上，行行好把表示某事很重要5）但愿（某事）不会发生6)谋势在人，成事在天。7）自助者天助也Unit 2 Laozis Philosophy of Non-actionAssignment-fill in the blanks1)Laozis thought has a great influence on the characteristics;trends of thought;and aesthetic sensibilities of the Chinese people.2)The examples of birds,fish,clouds and flowers are used to illustrate that everything in the world has its own way of being and development.3)The difference between great ingenuity and ordinary ingenuity lies in the fact that the latter can be achieved through human effort,but the former is superior to the latter.4)In order to become strong,one should start with ones own weak points;instead of oppressing the weak.5)In Laozis opinion,fragility is the symbol of life.6)The highest level of ones cultivation is to return to the state of a newborn baby,who is free of any knowledge,desire;impurity or falsehood.7)People fight and deceive one another out of desire.8)According to the laws of nature,people should not rob the poor and oppress the weak.Assignment-translation1.顺应自然。Follow the way of nature.2.无为而无不为。Act through non-action.3.大巧若拙。Great ingenuity appears to be stupidity.4.以柔弱胜刚强。Overcome the strong by being weak.5.不战而屈人之兵。Win a war without fighting water.6.兼爱。Love for all.7.上善若水。The greatest virtue is like water.8.人往高处走，水往低处流。Humans tend to seek higher positions.9.无欲则刚。One is invincible because he desires nothing and contends for nothing.10.返璞归真。Return to the state of a newborn baby.Assignment-translation1.Nature is conquered by obeying her.顺应自然方能征服自然。2.He that follows nature is never out of his way.按自然规律办事的人绝不会迷失方向。3.The drop of rains makes a hole in the stone,not by violence,but by the frequency of falling.滴水穿石，非蛮力所致，皆因坚持不懈。Unit 3 Sunzis Art of War:Source for All Books on WarAssignment Answer questions1)Why is Sunzis Art of War regarded as the greatest among so many books on war?Sunzis Art of War is regarded as the greatest among so many books on war because it excels over the other books in terms of strategy design,philosophical grounding and in tactical application.2)What did Sunzi mean by“treachery”?By“treachery”Sunzi meant that deceiving the enemy with false impressions.3)Why is“Winning a war without fighting it”advocated by Sunzi?“Winning a war without fighting it”is advocated by Sunzi because he wanted to avoid large-scale killing and destruction.4)According to Sunzis dialectical thinking.What should commanders consider?According to the dialectical thinking of Sunzi,commanders should consider gains and losses from both positive and negative sides.5)Suppose our troops have strength similar to the enemy troops,how can we win an absolute advantage over the enemy?Suppose our troops have the similar strength with the enemy troops,we can win an absolute advantage over the enemy by dispersing the enemy troops.6)What does Sunzis Art of War begin and end with?Sunzis Art of War begins and ends with warnings against war.7)What are the first three countries that published the translation of Sunzis Art of War?The first three countries that published the translation of Sunzis Art of War are Japan,Republic of Korea and France.Assignment-careful reading2)The word“treachery”in Sunzis Art of War is closest in meaning to_.A.deception B.betrayalC.preachingD.irritationA3)The strategy of the lowest level in a war is to _.A.use different strategiesB.frustrate the diplomacy of the enemyC.attack the army of the enemyD.attack the city of the enemyD4)From Sunzis warning,we can infer that sometimes a war could be declared just because _.A.one country was under attack from anotherB.the king or emperor just wanted to invade another countryC.the ruler was irritated for the time beingD.the commander and general had a bad temperCAssignment-translation1)先计而后战Planning before going to war.2)知己知彼，百战不殆。One can fight and win a hundred wars if one knows both oneself and the enemy.3)兵以诈立。The army survives by treachery.4）利而诱之，乱而取之，实而备之，强而避之，怒而挠之，卑而骄之，佚而劳之，亲而离之。Tempt the enemy with gains,attack the enemy when they are in disorder,be prepared for the enemy when they are equal in strength,avoid the enemy when they are stronger,aggravate the enemy when they are angry,cause the enemy to become arrogant when they are prudent,tire the enemy when they are at rest,sow discord among the enemy when they are united.5)攻其无备，出其不意。Attack the enemy at an unexpected time and place.6)不战而屈人之兵。Winning a war without fighting it.7)乱生于治，怯生于勇，弱生于强。Chaos compares with order,cowardice with bravery,and weakness with strength.8)兵者，国之大事，死生之地，存亡之道。The use of force is a matter of life or death for the soldiers,the people and the country.Unit 4 Chinese Characters:Poetic SymbolsAssignment:1)Which of the following is irrelevant to the pictographic symbols of Chinese characters?A.Aspiration.B.Imagination.C.Creativity.D.Allusion.2)Which of the following statements is true of the name of Fudan University?A.The characters both stand for“the sun rising on the horizon”.B.The name is taken from a Chinese classical poem.C.The name encourages the students to get up early in the morning.D.The characters are intended to tell the students to make progress day by day.3)Which of the following languages mostly consists of language pictures?A)Mandarin Chinese.B)Hieroglyphs of ancient Egypt.C)Oracle-bone inscription.D)Seal characters.4)The symbol for“swimming”is closed to _.A)oracle-bone inscription B)mandarin Chinese C)seal characters D)none of the above 5)The symbol for“athletics”contains the ingredients of _.A)dancing and running B)running and swinging C)dancing and swinging D)triathlon and football 1)A 2)D 3)B 4)C 5)A 2.Find from the passage the English interpretations of the following characters containing 日 as an element.CharactersInterpretations1)旦The sun rising on the horizon2）朝The morning sun rising and shining over the flowing river3）暮The sun setting into a forest4）明The moon shining through the windowUnit 5 The Great WallAssignment-True or False1)The construction of the Great Wall took more than 2000 years and involved 19 states.2)The driving force for building the Great Wall is to protect lives and peace from wars.3)In history,the northern peoples were mostly engaged in farming.4)The Great Wall provided an effective shelter for the southern troops against the northern cavalry.5)The Great Wall provided an effective shelter for the southern troops against the northern cavalry.6)The spirit of the Great Wall is that of“a common will and concerted effort”.7)Blockhouses,garrison towns,passes built at strategic points,and beacon towers are mentioned to show the magnificence and variety of the Great Wall.8)Wangjing Tower is one of the best places to appreciate the beauty of Beijing City.Answer questions1)How long is the Great Wall at present?The Great Wall is as long as 6700 kilometers.2)In which respects is the Great Wall unparalleled?The Great Wall is unparalleled in its scale and span of construction,as well as in the great quantities of labor and the degree of difficulty involved.3)What are Su Yat-sens quotations used to demonstrate in the passage?Sun Yat-sens quotations are used in the text to illustrate the great significance of the Great Wall in the development of Chinese civiliztion.4)What does“The Great Wall played a role in a new economic structure”?A new economic structure refers to the enhancing of agricultural economy in the south and the pastoral economy in the north,and the exchange between the two.5)What does the Legend of Lady Mengjiang symbolize?The Legend of Lady Mengjiang symbolizes the sufferings of the people due to the construction of the Great Wall and their hatred for the tyrannical First Emperor of Qin.filling in the tableAreasLand/SoilClimateProductionLife StyleThe NorthpastoralcoldProducts of animal husbandrymobileThe SoutharablewarmAgricultural productsstableAssignment English to Chinese1)众志成城Efforts jointed by many can build the Great Wall.2）由今观之，倘无长城之捍卫，则中国亡于北狄，不待宋明而在楚汉时代矣。如是则中国民族必无汉唐之发展昌大而同化南北之种族也。Seen from today,if it had not been for the protection of the Great Wall,Chinese civilization would have been interrupted by the northern peoples in the late Qin or early Han dynasties,long before the Song and Ming dynasties.In that case,there would not have been the prosperity of the Han and Tang dynasties,or the integration of southern and northern peoples.3）把我们的血肉，筑成我们新的长城。Build our new Great Wall with our flesh and blood.Unit 6 A silent ArmyAssignment-Answer questions1)What is the significance of the Terracotta Army of the First Emperor of Qin?It is not only a great legacy of the First Emperor of Qins military might,but also a superb paradigm of ancient Chinese sculpture.2)Which of the four pits is the largest?How large is it?Pit No.1 is the largest,with an area of more than 14000 square meters.3)What are the four formations in Pit No.2?The four formation in Pit No.2 are one of archers in the east,one of war chariots to its right,a bigger chariot formation in the middle and a formation of horsemen and saddled horses to the left.4)What was Pit No.3 probably intended as?Pit No.3 was probably intended as headquarters of the left,central and right divisions of the entire army.5)What is the similarity between Pit No.3 and Pit No.4?The similarity between Pit No.3 and Pit No.4 is that both of them not to have been completed.6)Which aspects of the Terracotta Army impress people deeply?What impress people deeply are the impressive size of the army and the masterful craftsmanship of the sculptures.7)What is Paragraph 11 mainly about?Paragraph 11 is mainly about the detailed description of the sculptures,showing how vivid they are and how masterful the craftsmanship of the sculptures is.8)How many terracotta horses are there in the three pits?There are more than 600 terracotta horses in the three pits.AssignmentCareful Reading1)From the passage,we can infer that_A.the Terracotta Army was dug out by villagers in XianyangB.the archeologists discovered the Terracotta Army by chanceC.the warriors and horses were made of potteryD.the Terracotta Army was designed by the First Emperor1)C2)Which of the following is NOT found in Pit No.1?A.Soldiers.B.Commanders.C.Archers.D.Chariots.2)C3)The formation of Pit No.1 can be divided into _ main parts.A)2 B)3 C)4 D)53)B4)One of the differences between Pit No.2 and Pit No.1 is that _.A.the former has more soldiers than the latterB.the former has more war chariots than the latterC.the soldiers hold more modern weapons in Pit No.2D.the war chariot was drawn by horses in the former rather than by soldiers as in the latter.4)B5)Which of the following is NOT true about Pit No.3?A.It lies to the west of Pit No.1.B.It looks like in 凹 shape.C.It has