现在完成时的用法及练习题2.doc

现在完成时的用法1.定义：现在完成时是由助动词have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词，说明句子的意2.用法 (1)表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet等副词修饰。-Haveyouhadlunchyet?-Yes,Ihave.Ivejusthadit. 你(已经)吃午饭了吗？我刚刚吃过。(现在我不饿了) (2)表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。.Hehastaughtheresince1981 他自1981年就在这儿教书。(可能还要继续教). Ihavetseenherforfouryears. (3)表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，常带有twice,ever,never,threetimes等时间状语。 IhavebeentoBeijingtwice. 3.现在完成时的时间状语 (1)现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,lastSunday,in1990,threeyearsago等。但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。 a.用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。如：Wehavealreadyfinishedourhomework.我们已完成作业了。 Theyhaventfinishedtheirhomeworkyet.他们还没有完成作业。 b.用ever和never。多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。如：-HaveyoueverbeentotheGreatWall?你曾经去过长城吗？ -IhaveneverbeentotheGreatWall.我从未去过长城。 c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just,before,uptonow,thepastfewyears等。例如：Ihaveseenherbefore,butIcannotrememberwhere. 我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。 Hehasbeentherethreetimesthelastfewdays. 近几年他去过那里三次了。 d.用包括“现在”在内的时间状语，如：now,today,thismorning(month,year,term)等。例如：-Haveyoumethimtoday?-No,Ihavent. 今天你见过他吗？我没有。 Howmanytimeshaveyoubeentherethisyear? 今年你去过那里多少次？ (2)现在完成时可以和带有since或for等表示“一段时间”的状语连用,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在。如：Ihaventseenhimfortwoyears.但是，像come,arrive,buy等终止性动词不能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。要用，必须改为“be(在)”等延续性动词来表述。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换： arrivebeherebegin(start)beon diebedeadcomebackbeback leavebeawayfallill(sick,asleep)beill(sick,asleep) getupbeupgooutbeout finishbeoverputonwear或beon openbeopenjoinbein或beamemberof closebeclosedgotoschoolbeastudent borrowkeepbuyhave catch(acold)have(acold)gettoknowknow begintostudystudycometoworkwork .Hehasbeenasoldierforthreeyears. .Hisfatherhasbeendeadfortwoyears. .Thefilmhasbeenonfortenminutes. .WehavestudiedEnglishforthreeyears. 4.现在完成时和一般过去时的区别 现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作。但现在完成时强调的是这一动作与现在的关系。如对现在产生的结果或影响等，而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生，不表示和现在的关系。试比较： Ihavelostmynewbook.我把新书丢了。(现在还未找到) Ilostmynewbookyesterday.我昨天把新书丢了。(昨天丢的，现在找到与否没说明) 5.几点注意事项 (1)havebeen(to)与havegone(to)的区别：havebeen(to)表示“去过某地(现在已经回来了)”，可用于各人称；havegone(to)表示“去某地了(说话时某人不在当地)”，常用于第三人称，前者可与once,never,severaltimes等连用，后者则不能。.TheyhavebeentoBeijingtwice.他们去过北京两次。 .HehasgonetoBeijing.他去北京了。 (2)如单纯表示一段时间，或强调一段时间，虽有since一词，也不必用完成时。如：Itistwoyearssincehisfatherdied.=Hisfatherhasbeendeadfortwoyears.他父亲去世已有三年了。 (3)终止性动词现在完成时的否定式，已变成一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。 现在完成时练习题一、翻译下列句子：1. 你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？ 2. 我刚刚丢了我的化学书。3. 我以前从来没去过那个农场。 4. 他已经吃过午饭了。5. 你已经看过这部电影了吗？ 6. 我哥哥还没回来。7. 我上星期看过这部电影。 8. 在1992年他住在这里。9.这本字典我已买了三年了。 10.他离开中国三年了。11.我认识他们五年了。 12.他们已去了美国五年了。13.自从他搬到福州，他就住这儿了。 14.他们已经结婚10年。15.我妹妹成为一个大学生已经三年。 16.这会已开了多长时间了？17.这门已经关了两天了。 18.我入团2年了。I _ _ _ two years ago.I _ _ a _ _ for two years.I _ _ a _ of _ _ for two years.I _ _ _ the _ for two years.19.自从1999年以来他们就认识。 20.我来到农场已5年了。二、用过去时或现在完成时填空：1. “_ you _ (have) lunch ?” “Yes.”“When _ you _ (have) it?”“I _ (have) it at 12:00.”2. “_ you _ (write) a letter to your aunt yet?”“Yes, I _. I _ (write) one last week.”3. “_ he _ (finish) his homework?” “Not yet.”4. “_ they ever _ (be) abroad?” “Yes, just once.”5. Your father _ just _ (finish) his work.6. Your father _ (finish) his work just now.7. Last term I _ (learn) many English words.8. They _ (not read) the interesting books yet.9. He _ never _ (go) to the science museum.10. _ you ever _ (drink) coke?11. “_ you _ (buy) a dictionary? “ “Yes, I _ .”“Where _ you _ (buy) it?” “ I _ (buy) it in a bookstore.”“When _ you _ (buy) it?” “ Yesterday.”三、用since和for填空1. _ two years 2._ two years ago 3. _ last month 4._ 19995._ yesterday 6. _ 4 oclock 7. _ 4 hours 8._ an hour ago9. _ we were children 10. _ lunch time 11._ she left here12. He has lived in Nanjing _ the year before last.13. Ive known him _ we were children.14. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years.15. She has been away from the city _ about ten years.16. Its about ten years _ she left the city.四、短暂性动词转换为延续性动词arrive at/in sw. get to/reach sw. come/go/move to sw. be in sw./at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be there1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago.He _ _ _ Beijing for _ _.2) I moved to the USA last year.I _ _ _ the USA since _ _.3) I went home yesterday.I _ _ _ home for _ _.4) They came here last week.They _ _ here since _ _.come/go back, return be back come/go out be out1) He came out two years ago.He _ _ _ for _ _.2) We return to Fuzhou yesterday.We _ _ _ to Fuzhou since _.become be1) I became a teacher in 2000.I _ _ a teacher for _ _.2) The river became dirty last year.The river _ _ dirty for _ _.close be closed open be open1) The shop closed two hours ago.The shop _ _ _ for _ _.2) The door opened at six in the morning.The door _ _ _ for six hours.get up be up； die be dead； leave sw. be away from sw.fall asleep/get tot sleep be asleep； finish/end be over；marry be married；1) I got up two hours ago.I _ _ _ since _ _.2) He left Fuzhou just now.He _ _ _ _ Fuzhou for five minutes.3) My grandpa died in 2002.My grandpa _ _ _for _ _.4) The meeting finished at six.The meeting _ _ _ for six hours.5) I got to sleep two hours ago.I _ _ _ since _ _.6) They married in 1990.They _ _ _since _.start/begin to do sth. do sth. ；begin be on1) I began to teach at this school in 1995.I _ _ at this school since _.2) The film began two minutes ago.The film _ _ _ for _ _.borrow keep； lose not have ；buy have ；put on wearcatch/get a cold have a cold； get to know know1) They borrowed it last week.They _ _ it since _ _.2) I bought a pen two hours ago.I _ _ a pen for _ _.3) I got to know him last year.I _ _ him since _ _.4) I put on my glasses three years ago.I _ _ my glasses for _ _.have/has gone to have been inHe has gone to Beijing.He _ _ _ Beijing for two days.join the league/the Party/the army be a league/a Party member/a soldier be a member of the league/the Party be in the league/the Party/the army1) He joined the league in 2002.He _ _ a _ _ for two years.He _ _ a _ _ the _ for two years.He _ _ _ the league for two years.2) My brother joined the army two years ago.My brother _ _ a _ for _ _.My brother _ _ in _ _ for two years.划线提问1) I have been there for two days._ _ _ you _ _ ?2) My father has lived here since 2000._ _ _ your father _ _?3) He left here yesterday._ _ he _ _?4) They bought a book two hours ago._ _ they _ a book六、用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。A: Where _ Li Fei _? B: He _ to Hainan Island.A: How long _ he _ there? B: He _ there for three days.A: When will he come back , do you know? B: Im afraid he wont come back recently.A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island? B: Sorry, I _ never _ there.A: How many times _ Li Fei _ to that place?B: He _ there only once.七、用have/has been to/in, have gone to及go的各种形式填空。1) Where is Jack? He _ his country. 2) David _ the park just now.3) John _ England since he came back. 4) How long _ have _ this village?5) The Smiths _ Beijing for years. 6) _ you ever _ America? - Yes, I _ there many times.7) I _ this school since three years ago. 8) Where is Jim? He _ the farm.9) When_ he _? He _ an hour ago.10) Would you like to _ the zoo with me? -Yes, but I _ there before.11) Where _ you _ now? - I _ the zoo. 12) He often _ swimming.13) _ you _ there last year? 14) _ they often _ skating in winter?八、综合练习:I. 用never, ever, already, yet, for, since填空1. I have _ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.2. Jack has _ finished his homework _ an hour ago.3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school _ ten years.4. “Have you _ seen the film?” “No, I have _ seen it.”5. “Has the bus left _?” “Yes, it has _ left.”II. 翻译下列句子：1. 他们已经打扫了教室吗？ 2. 我们已经认识有二十年了。3. 打那以后，她一直住在这。 4. “你曾经到过那里吗？” “不，我从来没到过那里。”III. 用适当的时态填空：1.Shes _ (live) here ever since she was ten.2.Both of them _ (be) in Hongkong for ten days.3.Both of them _ (come) to Hongkong ten days ago.4. Half an hour _ (pass) since the train _ (leave).5. Mary_(lose) her pen. _ you _ (see) it here and there?6. _ you _ (find) your watch yet?7. -Are you thirsty? -No I _ just _ (have) some orange.8. We _already _ (return) the book.9. _ they _ (build) a new school in the village?10. I _(not finish) my homework . Can you help me?11. My father _ (read) the novel twice. 12. I _ (buy) a book just now.13. I _ (lost ) my watch yesterday14. My father _ (read) this book since yesterday.III句型转换：1. He has already gone home.He _ _ home _. (否定句)_ he _ home _? (疑问句)2. He has lunch at home.He _ _ lunch at home. (否定句) _ he _ lunch at home? (疑问句)3. He has been there twice._ _ _ _ he been there? (划线提问)4. I have had lunch at school. _ _ you _ lunch. (划线提问) 不规则动词表（1）AAA型（动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形） cost（花费）costcost shut shut shut cut（割） cutcut spit spit/spat spit/ spat(英)hit（打）hit hit hurt伤害）hurt hurt let（让）letlet put（放）putputread（读）readread(2)AAB型（动词原形与过去式同形） beat（跳动）beatbeaten(3)ABA型（动词原形与过去分词同形） become（变成）becamebecome awake awoke awoken come（来）camecome run（跑）ranrun(4)ABB型（过去式与过去分词同形）dig（挖）dugdug build built builtget（得到）gotgot/gotten catch caught caughthang（吊死）hanged hanged deal dealt dealthang（悬挂）hung hung feed fed fed hold（抓住）heldheld find found foundshine（照耀）shoneshone forbid forbade/forbad forbiddensit（坐）satsat pay paid paidwin（赢）wonwon send sent sentmeet（遇见）metmet shoot shot shotkeep（保持）keptkept tell told toldsleep（睡）sleptslept win won wonsweep（扫）swept swept feel（感觉）feltfeltsmell（闻）smelt/smelled smelt/ smelled leave（离开）leftleft build（建设）builtbuiltlend（借出）lentlent send（传送）sentsentspend（花费）spentspent lose（丢失）lostlostburn（燃烧）burnt burnt learn（学习）learnt learnt mean（意思是）meant meant catch（抓住）caught caughtteach（教）taught taught bring（带来）brought brought fight（战斗）fought fought buy（买）bought bought think（想）thoughtthought hear（听见）heardheardsell（卖）soldsold tell（告诉）toldtoldsay（说）saidsaid find（找到）foundfoundhave/has（有）hadhad make（制造）mademadestand（站）stoodstood understand明白understoodunderstood(5)ABC型（动词原形、过去式与过去分词三者不同形）begin（开始）beganbegun take（取）tooktakendrink（喝）drankdrunk mistake（弄错）mistook mistakenring（铃响）rangrung ride（骑）roderiddensing（唱）sangsung do（做）diddoneswim（游泳）swamswum write（写）wrotewrittenblow（吹）blewblown go（去）wentgonedraw（画）drewdrawn lie（平躺）laylainfly（飞）flewflown see（看见）sawseengrow（生长）grewgrown wear（穿）worewornknow（知道）knewknown be(am,is,are)（是）was,werebeenthrow（投掷）threwthrown show（出示）showedshownbreak（打破）brokebroken choose（选择）chosechosenforget（忘记）forgotforgotten(forgot) bear bore borne/bornspeak（说，讲）spokespoken draw drew drawnwake（醒）wokewoken dream dreamt/ dreamed dreamt/ dreameddrive（驾驶）drovedriven hide hid hiddeneat（吃）ateeaten lay laid laid 放置fall（落下）fellfallen lie lied lied 撒谎give（给）gavegiven lie lay lain 躺rise（升高）roserisen see saw seen shake shook shaken steal stole stolen can-could may-might will-would shall-shouldmust-must情绪，贯穿于我们的生活之中。由于生理的不同，与男性相比，女性情感活动更强烈，也更容易情绪化。如果说父亲在家庭中扮演的是掌舵者、领导人的角色，那么母亲则是一个家庭的调节阀、供氧机。虽然家庭的重担由父母双方共同承担，但与父亲相比，母亲承担更多。在工作与家庭双重压力下不少母亲感到力不从心，情绪也变得更加不稳定。但母亲的情绪决定着一个家庭的温度，决定着一个家庭的和谐程度。首先从家庭生活中来看，女性温柔、细腻的特质可以在家庭生活中营造出一