N902在盐酸介质中萃取铜的萃取性能及应用文研究.pdf
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1、同济大竽环境科空与工程坐院 博士学位论文N902在盐酸介质中萃取铜的萃取性能及应用研究申请学位级别:博士专业:环境工程摘要摘要近几年,由于印刷电路板行业的急速发展,产生了大量的蚀刻废液,成为我 国含铜工业废弃物处置利用的一项重要课题。萃取工艺使铜矿冶炼实现了清洁生 产,并已成为现代铜湿法冶金的主要方式。将铜萃取工艺引入到含铜蚀刻废液的 资源化生产中来,既可以提高铜资源的利用率,又能产生良好的环境效益。铜的 湿法冶金工艺由浸取、萃取、电积工艺组成。其中,萃取最为关键,因此对萃取 剂性能的开发研究非常重要。由于铜矿浸取采用硫酸,所以,对萃取剂性能的研 究主要集中在硫酸介质的应用环境中进行。而我国的
2、含铜蚀刻废液以酸性蚀刻废 液为主,其主要组分是氯化铜和盐酸,因此,研究铜萃取剂在盐酸介质中的萃取 性能十分必要。N902是由中科院上海有机研究所最新开发的新型铜特效萃取剂,本文首次对 其在盐酸介质中的萃取性能进行了系统研究,包括萃取剂浓度,铜离子浓度、氢 离子浓度、氯离子浓度、温度等萃取条件的变化对萃取性能的影响。同时,应用单液滴法,本文首次对N902在盐酸介质中的萃取动力学进行了研 究,得到一些关键参数。最后,结合各种萃取设备的性能以及蚀刻废液治理行业的环境特殊性,创新 性地提出了填料离心萃取器这一设备开发方案,并对其工作原理和工作条件进行 了研究,为实际生产应用提供了工艺参数。主要研究内容
3、和部分结论摘要如下:萃取性能方面:N902在盐酸介质中,随着萃取剂浓度的增加铜的萃取率增大;随着铜离子浓度、氢离子浓度、氯离子浓度的增加,铜的萃取率降低。实验测得,铜的饱和容量为20.46g 在三种不同的反萃剂中,硫酸的反萃效果最好。萃取机理方面,由文献知N902萃取铜的反应式为2RH(的)木和)=Cu R2 机(R代表N902),本文用等摩尔系列法、饱和萃取法和斜率法对N902 在盐酸介质中萃取铜的萃合物组成进行了认证,并通过谱图进行分析选择性方 面,水相pH=3,相比O/A=l:l的条件下Cu/Fe分配系数较其他金属杂质最大,而 Mg,Ni几乎不萃。以H2s04为反萃剂,浓度为4moi 1
4、/时,铜的反萃率大于93%,而铁几乎不被反萃下来。可实现铜与其它金属离子的有效分离。萃取动力学方面:本文采用单液滴法对N902萃取、反萃盐酸介质中铜的动力 学进行研究,得到了萃取、反萃速率方程。并发现随着温度的增加萃取速率加快、反萃速率下降,说明萃取过程是放热的,反萃过程是吸热的。萃取的活化能为 21.82kJ-mor,一,反萃的活化能刃30.0kJmo,根据活化能数据及萃取剂本 摘要身的性质,初步判断反应为均相化学反应控制。并由表面更新理论建立了表面更 新模型。对萃取速率的研究表明,在一定范围内,搅拌强度越大,分散相液滴越 小,两相接触的比表面积越大,传质效果越好。基于此,为减小分散相液滴粒
5、径,增加传质效率,进行了喷雾萃取。实验结果表明:雾化萃取达平衡的时间较振荡 法大为缩短,萃取速率明显快于振荡法。随着喷雾压力的增大液滴粒径减小,并 得到了粒径与压力的经验关系式。通过对不同喷雾萃取方式的比较发现在搅拌条 件下采用下喷雾法萃取效果最好,并对此现象进行了理论分析。应用设备开发方面:雾化萃取装置是混合澄清槽的改进,存在有机相滞留量 大的问题。为此,在N902萃取性能和动力学研究的基础上,通过对填料塔和离心 萃取器结构和性能的比较,本文提出工业应用的填料离心萃取器。离心力使传质 效率提高,离心转速越快,传质效果越好;填料的加入,增加了两相的接触面积,陶瓷颗粒填料粒径越小,传质效率越高。
6、设备体积小,有机相滞留量小。用该装 置萃取盐酸介质中的铜,N902的萃取级效率达95%以上,反萃级效率为90%。该装置既具备了离心萃取器快速高效的性能优点,又克服了萃取塔占地面积大的 缺点。最后应用填料离心萃取器,建立一套萃取一反萃联合工艺流程,可供生产 单位参考。关键词:N902,萃取性能,款酸介质,铜,蚀刻液,单液滴法,动力学,填料离 心萃取器11一 摘要_ABSTRACTIn the past several years,because the rapid development of PCB industry in China,great waste etching solution
7、are produced,which be an important research focus of treatment and utilization of waste in copper industry in our country.The extraction process has fulfilled the clean production for smelting copper mine,and has become the main means of modem hydrometallurgical processes of copper mine.Introducing
8、copper extraction process in the resource utilization of waste etching solution contained copper will not only enhance the utilization rate of copper resource,but also create favorable environment benefit.The hydrometallurgical processes of copper mine show as follow:first,adopt vitriol to soak out
9、copper,producing the copperish material liquor in the vitriol medium,then,carry out the condensation by extraction,finally,attain the electro-analysis copper by the electrowinning process.During the course,mastering characters of the copper extractant is very important.Therefore,there are many resea
10、rches about the extractant characters,but most of them are focusing the application in vitriol medium.The waste etching solutions contained copper in China are mainly acidic etching solution,and the main components are copper chloride and hydrochloride acid.Therefore,its very important to research t
11、he copper extractants ability in the hydrochloride acid medium.N902 extractant developed by The Organic Chemistry Graduate School in Shanghai of Chinese Academy of Science.In this thesis,it is the first time to research the extraction character of N902 extractant systemically in the hydrochloride ac
12、id,which include the influence when extraction conditions such as the concentrations of extractants,Cu2*,Cl temperature and so on change,it is an important complementarity to the research of N902.At the same time,the researches of extraction kinetics about the N902 extractant are studied by using hy
13、drochloric acid as medium through single drop method and have attained some key parameters.At last,on the basis of research mentioned-above,a wonderful facility exploitation scheme has been suggested innovationally after combining with all kinds of extraction equipments9 performance and the special
14、environment of waste etching solution treatment industry.And its work conditions and mechanism are also researched,which presents process parameters for practical produce.The abstract of research content and core conclusions in this thesis includes:On the performance of extraction,for the medium of
15、hydrochloric acid,N902 Hl摘要extraction characters are that the copper extraction rate increases when the extraction concentration are augmented.With the concentration increasing of Cu2+,H Cl the rate of copper extraction decreases.Under the experimental conditions,the saturated solubility of copper a
16、ttains 20g/L.among three different stripping agents,the effect of vitriol is best.On the extraction mechanism,through literature reference,gain the reaction equation of N902 show as follow:2RH(orgnic)+Cu R2(organic)+2H+(water phase)(R denotes N902),the paper attest the composing of extracted materia
17、l through equal mole parameter method,saturated extraction manner and slope approach,and analyses them by spectrography.On the selectivity,in the medium of vitriol,and the pH=3,under the condition of SO42=0.5 mol/L and O/A=l:l,the distributive coefficient of Cu/Fe is maximal,and the extractions of M
18、g,Ni go near to zero.Using the hydrochloric acid or vitriol as stripping agent,when the concentration is 4 mol/L,the anti-extraction rate of copper is more than 93%,at the same time,the anti-extraction rate of iron is almost zero,which achieves separation effectively from copper to other metal ion.O
19、n the facet of extraction kinetics,copper kinetics are studied in the N902 extraction and anti-extraction using hydrochloric acid as medium through single drop method in the paper,and gets hold of the velocity equation of extraction and anti-extraction.And discovers that the extraction rate increase
20、s and the anti-extraction rate decreases when the temperature moves up,which illuminates that the extraction course is radiative and the anti-extraction course is endothermal.The extraction activation energy is 108.66kJ/mol and the anti-extraction activation energy is 62.19kJ/mol.According to the ac
21、tivation energy data and the extractant characteristics,primary estimation is that it controlled by homogenous chemical reaction.And the paper establishes the surface renewal model according to the surface renewal theory.The research of extraction velocity shows that under curtain range,the more the
22、 whisk intensity is,the littler the drop in the dispersion phase is,the more the contact specific surface area of the two-phase is,and the transfer efficiency is better.Base on this conclusion,in order to reduce the particle diameter in the dispersion phase and increase the transfer efficiency,the s
23、prayer extraction is carried out.The experimental results show that the time which gains the balance for the sprayer extraction is shortened greatly relative to oscillometry,and the extraction speed is distinctly rapid.The more the sprayer pressure is,the less the liquor particle diameter is,and att
24、ain the experiential relation formula between the particle diameter to pressure.After contrast of different sprayer extraction manners,the research shows that the effect of sprayer 摘要extraction is best under whisk condition,and analyses the phenomena theoretically.On the facet of equipment exploitat
25、ion,The sprayer extraction equipment is an amelioration one from the design of a mix and clarify groove,has the substantive residence problem of the state of organic compound.Base on the research of extraction characters and extraction kinetics of N902,by compare the structure and character between
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