专项练习之现在完成时与过去完成时.docx

专项练习之现在完成时与过去完成时

【本讲教育信息】
一. 教学内容：
寒假复习专题 现在完成时与过去完成时

二. 教学过程：
◎现在完成时态的构成和用法
现在完成时态由“助动词have（has）＋过去分词”构成，它可以表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常与一些时间状语,如:already, yet, ever, never, just, before, once, twice等连用，也可以和包括现在在内的时间状语，如these days, today, this year, so far等连用。如：
I’ve just had my lunch. 我刚刚吃过午饭。（影响是：现在我不饿了。）
She has already posted the photos. 她已经寄走了相片。（结果是：这些相片已不在她这里了。）
1. I’m sorry you the wonderful football game. It was just over.（青岛市）
A. have lost B. have missed C. are missing D. will lose
2. —You seem to know much about the city.
—That’s true. I it three times.（绍兴市）
A. visited B. had visited C. have visited D. will visit
3. —Would you like to visit Shantou City with me this summer vacation?
—No, thanks. I it before. Besides, it’s hot and humid there in summer.（四川省自贡市）
A. have visited B. visited C. will visit
4. It is said the Chery（奇瑞） a new kind of car recently.（安徽省芜湖市）
A. has developed B. developed C. develops D. had developed
现在完成时态还可以表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，一直持续到现在，也许还将继续下去。可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间的状语连用，即for＋时间段，since＋时间点/从句，in the last ten years等，在这种用法中，表示持续动作或状态的动词多是延续性动词。如：
I’ve known Li Lei for three years. 我认识李磊已经有三年了。
He has been at this school for over two years. 他在这个学校已经有两年多了。
They have lived here since 2002. 自从2002年以来，他们就住在这里。
How long have you worked in this library? 你在这个图书馆里工作有多久了？
He has taught us since I came to this school. 自从我来到这所学校，他一直在教我们。
He a million yuan to Wenchuan since the earthquake.（临沂市）
A. has given away B. gave away C. have given away D. gives away

◎特征词
⑴ already（肯定句）
yet（否定句和疑问句）
never, ever（疑问句）
just（谓语动词之前） before（句末）
—Hasn’t Betty come yet?
—No, and I for her for nearly 2 hours.（武汉市）
A. wait B. waited C. have waited D. had waited
⑵ in the past/last few years（过去几年来）
so far＝up to now／till now／by now
these days
since /ever since＋过去时间点
for＋时间段
注意：
①since＋一段时间＋ago＝for＋时间段;
since two weeks ago＝for two weeks;
I have kept the library book for a week.
＝I have kept the library book since a week ago.
②since＋时间点＝for＋时间段
since 2000＝for 8 years
③since＋从句（常用一般过去时）
The Greens have lived in Beijing since they moved to Beijing from Paris.
④have got, has got 虽然是现在完成时, 但have got＝have; has got＝has
I have a new bike.＝I have got a new bike.

◎英语的动词根据词义可分为两种，一种是延续性的，一种是终止性的，终止性动词（也可称为非延续性动词、瞬间动词或点动词），如begin, start, die, buy, leave, come等，表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完成，不能再延续，所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用，既不能与表示一段时间的状语，for＋时间段, since＋时间点/从句连用，也不能用在以how long引导的特殊疑问句中。
I’ve left Shanghai for three days.（×）
I’ve been away from Shanghai for three days.（√）.
I left Shanghai three days ago.（√）
终止性动词要表示持续时，可用以下方法：
⑴ 将时间状语改为时间段＋ago，句中谓语动词用一般过去时。
eg. My brother joined the army two years ago. 我弟弟参军两年了。
⑵ 若保留for＋时间段，since＋时间点/从句，或用在 how long句型中，则需将终止性动词改为相应的状态动词或延续性动词。
常见终止性动词与延续性动词（或状态动词）的对应关系如下：
open---be open die---be dead
close---be closed become---be
borrow---keep begin/start---be on
put on---wear leave---be away（from）
buy---have sleep /fall asleep---be asleep
end/finish---be over catch a cold---have a cold
come back—be back get up---be up
come/go/arrive/get/reach/move---be in/at
join the army---be in the army/ be a soldier
join the Party---be in the Party /be a Party member
→My brother has been in the army for two years.
→My brother has been a soldier for two years.
1. —Bad luck! It’s too late!
—It doesn’t matter. The movie for only a few minutes. You can’t miss it.（潍坊市）
A. has begun B. has been on C. began D. was on
2. —You have my dictionary for two weeks.
—Sorry, I’ll give it back to you right now.（四川省南充市）
A. lent B. borrowed C. kept

◎现在完成时中been to, gone to和been in/at
（1）been to去过某地，表示某人的一种经历，可以和once, twice, already, ever, never等连用。
eg. She has been to Shanghai twice.（表示目前人在这里）
（2）gone to 去某地了，说话时某人已离开此地，在去某地的途中或已在某地。
eg. She has gone to Shanghai.（表示现在她人不在这里）
（3）been in/at 逗留在某地（已经有一段时间）.常和for ten days, since I came here等连用。
eg. She has been in Shanghai since she moved there.
—Is Mr. Black at home?
—Sorry, he isn’t in. He to Dalian for vacation.（辽宁省十二市）
A. has gone B. went C. is going D. goes

◎现在完成时态和一般过去时态的区别
表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况。而一般过去时表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生关系。如：
I have read the book. 我看过这本书。（我了解这本书的内容）
I read the book last week. 我上星期看了这本书。（只说明上星期“我”看了这本书，不涉及现在的情况）
He has lived here since 2002. 2002年以来他一直住在这里。（他现在还住在这里）
He lived here in 2002. 2002年他住在这里。（不涉及他现在是否还住在这里）
—China’s 24th science research team at Changcheng Station on January 5, 2008.
—Wonderful! Our scientists a lot in this field already.（哈尔滨市）
A. have arrived; improved B. arrived; has improved C. arrived; have improved
下面就给大家提供10句日常生活中极其常用的话，这10个句子都包括了一条最重要的语法：现在完成时。练熟这10个句子，语法也跟着运用自如！
1. I haven’t seen you for a long time. How have you been?
我很久没见到你了。你好吗？
2. I have already told you three times!
我已经跟你说了三次了！
3. I’ve just heard that you’re married.
我刚听说你结婚了。
4. She’s gone to work. She’ll be back around five.
她去上班了。她大概五点左右回来。
5. I’ve never been to Hong Kong.
我从来没去过香港。
6. I haven’t been abroad so far.
我至今还没有出过国。
7. This is the best book I’ve ever read.
这是我读过的最好的书。
8. Have you ever tried Thai food?
你吃过泰国菜吗？
9. Have you decided on your major yet?
你决定读什么专业了吗？
10. How long have you been here in China?
你在中国多久了？

◎过去完成时
概念：表示过去的过去
过去完成时：即过去的过去所发生的事情！
其构成是：主语＋had＋过去分词。
用法：
①表示过去某一时刻之前已经完成的动作，常与由by，before引导的时间状语连用。
We had learned 5000 words by the end of last month.
到上个月底为止我们已经学了五千个单词。
I had finished the composition before supper.
晚饭前我就已经把作文写完了。
②表示过去某一动作之前已经完成的动作，常与由when，before等连词引导的时间状语从句连用。
When I woke up it had already stopped raining.
我醒来的时候雨就已经停了。
I hadn’t learned any English before I came here.
我来这儿之前没学过英语。
③用于宾语从句或间接引语中
I wondered who had taken the umbrella without permission.
我想知道谁不经允许就把雨伞拿去。
He told me that he had passed the exam.　
他告诉我他已通过考试。

【模拟试题】（答题时间：50分钟）
I. 用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. So far we_________（learn）ten thousand English words.
2. —_______Tom________（return）the library book？ —Yes，he has.
—When ________he ________（return）it？ —Half an hour ago.
3. —_______ you ever_______（read）the book？
—No, I_______（read）it tomorrow.
4. Please don’t go out to play football. You________（not finish）your homework yet.
5. _______they really________（be）in Beijing for a year？
6. —________ you________（borrow）this book before？
—Yes，I________（borrow）it last week.
7. —I ______ just _______（find）my English book.
—Where _______ you________（find）it？

II. 单项选择
1. Li Hong has ________ the army for 2 years.
A. joined B. joined to C. been in D. joined in
2. We have been friends since ______.
A. children B. five years C. five years ago D. five years before
3. Mike _______ the story for a month.
A. has bought B. has had C. had had D. has borrowed
4. You ______ that question three times.
A. already asked B. have already asked
C. already have asked D. asked already
5. Those foreign friends left Guangzhou ________.
A. since last week B. a week ago C. for a week D. since a week ago
6. I _____ at this school for two years already.
A. am studying B. study C. studied D. have studied
7. They _______ in the city since last summer.
A. live B. didn’t live C. have lived D. lived
8. Mrs. Wang has lived in Haikou_______ 1992.
A. since B. from C. after D. in
9. Mr. Black _______ China since the summer of 1998.
A. has been to B. has been in C. has come to D. came to
10. You have never been to the Great Wall, _______ you?
A. do B. don’t C. have D. haven’t
11. His father _______ for years.
A. has died B. has been dead C. died D. dies
12. Mary _______ to see the films because she _______ it twice.
A. won’t go, saw B. won’t go, will see C. won’t go, has seen D. didn’t go, sees
13. Hurry up! The play _______ for ten minutes.
A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. began
14. ______ you __ ____ England? Yes, it ___ __ a beautiful country.
A. Will, gone to, was B. Have, been to, is
C. Had, been to, is D. Have, gone to, is
15. —______ you ______ to the capital? —No, I ______. I_____ there early next month.
A. Have, been, haven’t, am going B. Had, been, hadn’t, am going
C. Have, gone, haven’t, was going D. Did, go, didn’t, was going
16. —Your sister ______ to London to study English. Is that true?
—Yes, she ___ there for two months.
A. has been, has been B. will go, has gone
C. gone, will be D. has gone, has been
17. —You haven’t read the book before, have you? —_______.
A. Yes, I haven’t. B. No, I have. C. Yes, I do. D. No, I haven’t.
18. —Where is Li Lei? —He __ _ Shanghai.
A. has gone to B. has been to C. went to D. goes to
19. How long may I ____ _ the book?
A. keep B. borrow C. lend D. give
20. Mr Brown has ____ _ here since last autumn.
A. came B. worked C. arrived D. left
21. Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years.
A. was; studying B. will; study C. has; studied D. are; studying
22. We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl.
A. know B. had known C. have known D. knew
23. His father ______ the Party since 1978.
A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in
24. —Do you know him well ? — Sure. We ________ friends since ten years ago.
A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made
25. —How long have you ____ here? 　　—About two months.
A. been B. gone C. come D. arrived
26. My parents _____ _ Shandong for ten years.
A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been
27. —____ _has Mr White been a member of Greener China？—Since he ____ to China?
A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived
28. His uncle _______ for more than 9 years.
A. has come here B. has started to work
C. has lived there D. has left the university
29. —_______ have you been here in Beijing？ —Since last month.
A. How often B. How soon C. How far D. How long
30. The Browns have_______ in China for about five years .
A. come B. got C. arrived D. been

III. 句型转换
1. He has learned English for 5 years.（对划线部分提问）
_______ learned English ?
2. I bought a new bike just now.（用just改写）
I just _ a new bike.
3. We began to learn English three years ago.（改为同义句）
We _______ _______English _____ _ three years.
4. They have been here since 2000 . （对划线部分提问）
____ _ _ __ __ have they been here?
5. This factory opened twenty years ago.（改为同义句）
This factory _____ _ for twenty years.

IV. 用for 或since填空
1. I have stayed at my aunt’s house _________two weeks.
2. Jill has been in Ireland 　　　 three days.
3. My aunt has lived in Australia 15 days.
4. Margaret is in her office. She has been there_ __ 7 o’clock.
5. India has been an independent country 1974.
6. The bus is late. We’ve been waiting 20 minutes.
7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty_______ many years.
8. Mike has been ill a long time.
9 We have learned five lessons _______the beginning of this term.
10 Mrs Liao has been in hospital __ ___last week.

【试题答案】
I. 1. have learned 2. Has…returned; did…return 3. Have … read; will read
4. haven’t finished 5. Have … been 6. Have … borrowed; borrowed
7. have …found; have found

II. 1~5 CCBBB 6~10 DCABC
11~15 BCCBA 16~20 DDAAB
21~25 CCDBA 26~30 ACCDD

III. 1. How long has he 2. have …bought 3. have learned…for
4. How long 5. has been open

IV. 1. for 2. for 3. for 4. since 5. since
6. for 7. for 8. for 9. since