初中三年英语笔记(仁爱版).doc

. . . . .七年级（上）Unit 1Topic 1词汇和重点句型：1. Excuse me! 对不起，打扰了！（用在事情发生之前）Sorry! 对不起（用在事情发生生之后）2. Nice to meet / see you. = Glad to meet / see you. 很高兴见到你。3. Welcome to China / Fuzhou / Changle! 欢迎你到中国/福州/长乐来！4. Whats your name? 你叫什么名字？(常用于官方或者对小孩子说话)My name is Maria. = I am Maria. 我叫Maria。5. Stand up. 起立。 Sit down. 坐下。(反义词)6. How do you do? How do you do? 你好！ 你好！（初次见面时打招呼使用）7. Have a nice day! You, too. 祝您一天愉快！您也是！8. How are you? 你身体好吗？Im fine / OK / well. Thanks. 我很好，谢谢！（可以缩略为：Fine, thank you.）Not bad, thanks. 不错，谢谢！9. See you later! = See you soon! 等会儿见！See you tomorrow! 明天见！Good-bye! = Bye-bye! = Bye! 再见！10. This is Mary. This is Tom. 这是Mary. 这是Tom. （用于第三者介绍他人时）语言点：1. Good morning. 一般用于黎明时到中午十二点之前Good afternoon. 一般用于中午十二点以后到下午六点。Good evening. 一般用于下午六点到晚上十点左右。Good night. 一般用于睡觉前，表示晚安。Good day. 一般在白天问好时用，表示日安，尤其是澳大利亚和美国英语中使用较多。2. be的使用：（记住口诀）我用am，你用are；is用在他、她、它；单数is复数are；你、我、他们也用are.。Unit 1Topic 2词汇和重点句型：1. be from = come from 来自Where are you from? = Where do you come from?Im from China. = I come from China.Are you from China? = Do you come from China?2. be动词的一般疑问句提问与回答：Am I in New York? Yes, you are. No, you arent.Are you from the USA? Yes, I am. No, I am not. / Yes, we are. No, we arent.Is she Maria? Yes, she is.Is he Tom? No, he isnt.Is it my book? Yes, it is. No, it isnt.Are they from England? Yes, they are. No, they arent.3. 两个疑问词where、who的使用：Where are you from? Im from China. Im Chinese.Where is she / he from? She / He is from Japan.Where are they from? Theyre from France.Where is Beijing? Its in China.Who is he / she? He is Michael./ She is Jane.Who are they / you? They are my teachers. / We are Maria and Jane. / I am Diana.4. 要求了解一些较重要的西方国家的国家、城市、人民的名词。5. Cheers! Cheers! 干杯！干杯！Unit 1Topic 3词汇和重点句型：1. 数词：1-20。2. 不同人称对年龄的询问与回答：How old are you? Im 14. / We are 14.How old is she / he / it? She / He / It is 14.How old are they? They are 14 years old.3. Whats your telephone / cell phone / fax / BP number? Its 05911104. Whats this / that in English? Its a toy.What are these / those? They are buses.5. Is this / that a book? Yes, it is. / No, it isnt.Are these / those desks? Yes, they are. / No, they arent.6. How do you spell apple? A-P-P-L-E.7. What class / grade are you in? Im in Class 3 / Grade 7.8. a high school 一所中学a high school student 一个中学生9. in the same class 在同一班级in Class 2, Grade 7 在7年级2班10. 名词的复数形式： 名词后面直接加s，如：apples, bananas 以s, x, sh, ch结尾的名词在后面加es，如：classes, dishes 词尾为辅音字母加y结尾的名词，将y变为i再加es，如：family - families 词尾为f，fe的单词，改fe为ves，如：knife - knives特殊单词：man - men woman - women mouse - mice foot - feet Chinese - Chinese语言点：1. 班级年级的表示：（以教师教学用书为参考）英国英语表达时通常班级在前，年级在后。如：Class 2, Grade 7.美国和加拿大表达时则年级在前，班级在后。如：Grade 7, Class 2.其实美国在班级表达时，都是根据老师而决定的。如：Mr. Smiths class2. a, an的使用：（记住口诀）a、an一对双胞胎， （a和an都是不定冠词，译为一长得像来分不开。 表示一个没有特别指定的人或事物。）姐妹二人都勤快，天天都把单杠抬。 （a和an后只能跟可数名词单数。）an姐姐干活爱跳舞, （an用于元音音素开头的单数可数名词前。但名词前有修饰近身元音离不开。 词时，则根据最邻近的修饰语的第一个音素来决定。如：an apple; an English book. ）妹妹a她更勤快，富余单杠她全抬。 （其余辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前用a。）物代指代来做客， （但名词前有物主代词、指示代词时，不能使用不定冠词。姐妹二人歇下来。 如：a my book； a that bike 都是错的。）Unit 2 Topic 1词汇和重点句型：1. film star 电影明星 2. look like 看起来像3. notbut 不是而是 4. be from = come from 来自5. in the same school 在同一所学校 in different grades 在不同班级6. 身体五官及各部位名称；部分颜色词语7. 反义词：small - big / large / wide long - short black - white tall - short new - old8. I have a big nose = My nose is big.I have big eyes. = My eyes are big.She has a big nose. = Her nose is big.She has big eyes. = Her eyes are big.9. Do you have long hair? Yes, I do. No, I dont. / Yes, we do. No, we dont.Does she / he have big eyes? Yes, she / he does. No, she / he doesnt.Do they have new friends? Yes, they do. No, they dont.10. I know. 我知道。 I dont know. 我不知道。11. Im thirteen years old. = Im 13 years old. = Im 13. = Im thirteen.语言点：1. 在五官描述上，要注意英美人习惯。在西方国家进行外貌描述时，不说a big mouth，而说a wide mouth。他们的a big mouth往往用来指一个人嘴巴多，喜欢在背后说三道四。2. 特别注意第三人单数时表达有时使用的是has。Unit 2 Topic 2词汇和重点句型：1. give something to somebody = give somebody something 给某人某物Give the book to Maria = Give Maria the book. 把书给Maria.2. right away 立刻，马上3. dark skin 黑皮肤 light yellow skin 黄皮肤 fair skin 白皮肤4. the boy over there 在那边的那个男孩 the boy under the tree 在树下的那个男孩5. look the same 看起来一样 6. different looks 不同的外表7. good friends 好朋友 8. look at the picture 看着图片9. the pair of shoes / trousers 这双鞋/裤子10. 表示颜色的词语11. 关于颜色的提问：What color?- What color is the skirt? - Its white.- What color are the shirts? - They are white.12. which疑问词的使用Which girl? The girl in red. 哪个女孩？穿红色衣服的那个女孩。Which bag? The blue one. 哪个包？蓝色那个。13. What does she look like? 她看起来怎么样？14. 区别以下两种问题:Mikes pants are blue. What color are Mikes pants?The blue pants are Mikes. Which pants are Mikes?15. Which color / bag / clothes do you like? 你喜欢哪种颜色/哪个包/哪件衣服？These are my favorite clothes. 这些是我最喜欢的衣服。Unit 2 Topic 3词汇和重点句型：1. What does she / he look like?She is young with long legs. / He is short with black hair.2. Is the boy tall or short? Hes short.注意：选择疑问句的选择部分前部分要读升调，后部分读降调。回答时要有具体内容，而不能用Yes, No回答。3. 反义词或对应词：small - big new - old old - young fat - thin long - shortman - woman boy - girl doctor - nurse dad - mum4. 副词so、too、very的使用：so fast 如此块！这么快！ too fast 太快 very fast 很快5. It will fit you soon. 它很快就会适合你的。6. grow fast 长得快 7. go shopping 去购物8. blue and white 蓝白相间 9. tall and thin 又高又瘦10. curly / long / short hair 卷发/长发/短发11. 人称代词和物主代词的使用：Whose toy is this? It is my toy. Its mine.Its your toy. Its yours.Its his toy. Its his.Its her toy. Its hers.Its its toy. Its its.Its our toy. Its ours.Its their toy. Its theirs.Review of Units 1-2词汇和重点句型：1. each other 互相2. over there 在那边3. what color 什么颜色4. look like 看起来像5. May I have your telephone number / name ? 我可以知道你的电话号码 / 名字吗？6. Which one? The one in a green sweater. 哪一个？穿绿色毛衣的那个。7. on a blue bike 在蓝色自行车上in the black car 在黑色汽车里in the pink blouse 穿着紫色衬衫的8. dark blue 深蓝light blue 浅蓝9. look at 看着10. a Chinese soccer player 一个中国足球队球员11. play soccer 踢足球12. See you. 再见复习要点：1. s的所有格形式：Wang Hais mother 王海的妈妈 Jims sister Jim的妹妹2. 物主代词的使用：形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词3. 名词复数形式Unit 3 Topic 1一、单词1. in the same class 在同一班2. study with 与一起学习3. No problem 没问题4. by the way 顺便问一下5. speak Chinese 讲汉语6. only a little 只有一点点7. Of course =Sure 当然8. helpstudy each other 互相帮助/学习9. live in 居住在10. the same age as 与同岁11. want to do sth. 想要做某事12. come to China 来到中国13. in English 用英语14. help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事15. the Great Wall 长城16. at the English corner 在英语角17. be helpful to 对有帮助二、句型:1. May I do sth.? 我可以做某事吗?e.g. : May I knowhaveask your name?May I study English with you?May I call you Mike?2. like very much a lot 非常喜欢like a little 有点喜欢not like at all 根本不喜欢not like very much 不是很喜欢三、语法:(一) 一般现在时1.肯定句: We speak Chinese否定句: We dont speak Chinese.一般疑问句: Do you speak Chinese?回答: Yes, we do. No, we dont.2.肯定句: Mike speaks English.否定句: Mike doesnt speak English.一般疑问句: Does Mike speak English?回答: Yes, he does. No, he doesnt.3.动词第三人称单数构成形式:见书本107页(二)代词人称代词:数/格人称 单数 复数主格 宾格 主格 宾格第一人称 I me we us第二人称 you you you you第三人称 he himtheythemshe herit it主格:在句中当句子主语e.g. I have a good friend.He has a good friend.宾格: 在句中当动词的宾语或介词的宾语,形成动宾或介宾结构.Please call me Mike. (动宾)Give it (动宾) to me (介宾) .Help us find him. (动宾)人称代词排列顺序：（可记住口诀）you, he and I; we, you and they; he and she口诀： 对你尊重you在前，谦虚礼貌I最后；我们人多力量大，we要排在you之前，they委屈垫在后；两性并列不平等，绅士风度放一边，he 在前she在后。特殊情况：1. 为了强调某人称，或是出现在承认错误之类的句中时，应把第一人称的I，放在前。2. 当说话人I的身份很高或回忆往事时，可以先说I。物主代词：性数/人称形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词单数 第一人称 my mine第二人称 your yours第三人称 his hisher hersits its复数 第一人称 our ours第二人称 your yours第三人称 their theirs形容词性物主代词，也称非独立性物主代词，不能单独使用,必须与名词共同使用.e.g. my nameyour motherhis friendtheir teacherUnit 3 Topic2一、单词1.职业名称teach (教) - teacher (教师)study (学习) - student (学生)work (工作) - worker (工人)drive (驾驶) - driver (驾驶员)farm (农场) - farmer (农夫)cook (烹调) - cook (厨师)1. 对应词:teacher - studentnurse - doctor2. office worker公务员policeman警察waiter男服务员 - waitress女服务员salesman 男售货员 - salesgirl女售货员3. 家庭成员grandfather - grandmothergrandpa - grandmafather - motherDad - MumUncle - auntson - daughterbrother - sistercousin二、词组1.工作场所:in a school 在学校in a hospital 在医院in an office 在办公室in a shop / store 在商店on a farm 在农场2. a student of Grade Seven 一名七年级的学生have a job 有一份工作look after 照顾; 保管a photo of my family 一张我家的相片have a look 看一看the young woman in yellow 穿黄衣服的年轻女士on the sofa 在沙发上三、句型:1. Im home. 我回来了.2. Come in and make yourselves at home. 请进, 请别客气.3. What a nice place! 多漂亮的一个地方!4. Please have a seat= Please sit down. 请坐!5. My parents are both office workers. 我父母二个都是公务员.We all love our work. 我们都喜爱我们的工作.注意:both指两者都; all指三者或三者以上都四、语法:(一) 提问职业:1.What do you do? I am a doctor.2.What does he she do? He She is a doctor.(二) 提问工作场所:1. Where do you work?I work in a hospitalschool2.Where does he she work ?HeShe works in an officeon a farm.(三) 名词所有格: s 或s, 表示的Kangkangs grandfather康康的祖父母Janes family tree 珍妮的家谱Teachers book 教师用书（教师们的书）Unit 3 Topic 3一、词汇:Fruit: (可数) apple orangeFood: (可数) cake hamburger egg French fries dumpling noodles(不可数) rice porridge bread meat chicken fish beefDrink: (不可数) tea milk Coke coffee water juiceEat (吃) + drink (喝) = havesomething to drink 喝的东西something to eat 吃的东西have dinner 吃饭;吃正餐have breakfast 吃早饭have lunch 吃午饭have supper 吃晚饭二、句型;1. help oneself (to sth) 请自便 (吃些某物)2. would like = want 想要Would you like some eggs? = Do you want some eggs?What would you like to drink? = What do you like to drink?3. Give me some meat. = Give some meat to me.4. Why not have some milk? 表示提建议5. Lets have some milk. 表示提建议6. May I take your order? = May I help you?(限于用餐)7. Wait a moment, please.请稍等片刻.8. What do you think of the coffee? = How do you like the coffee? 你觉得咖啡怎么样?9. Would you like to have dinner with me? (表邀请)Ok. Id love to10. Im very glad to be here.我非常乐意呆在这儿11. Any more rice? 再来些米饭怎么样?12. They are all friendly kind to me.他们都对我很友好。三、语法: 可数名词和不可数名词的量(一)可数名词: 可直接用基数词表具体的量表一：a cake book hamburgerbike an apple orange eggtwo cakes three books four apples five eggs（二）不可数名词：可用数量词来表示具体的量a cup of tea coffeetwo cups of tea coffeea glass of milkwaterjuicethree glasses of milkwater juicea bowl of 一碗 two bowls of 两碗a box of 一盒箱 two boxes of 两盒箱a bag of 一袋 two bags of 两袋a bottle of 一瓶 two bottles of 两瓶a kilo of 一公斤 two kilos of 两公斤a kind of 两种 two kinds of 两种a plate of 一盘 two plates of 两盘a basket of eggs 一篮/筐鸡蛋 two baskets of eggs 两篮鸡蛋a pair of 一双/副/对 two pairs of 两双/副/对(三) 模糊的量some既可以修饰可数也可以修饰不可数名词a few + 可数 表示若干一点a little + 不可数 表示若干一点many + 可数 许多much + 不可数 许多some apples 一些苹果some meatwater 一些肉水a few friends 几个朋友a little water 一点点水many friends 许多朋友much water 许多水Unit 4 Topic 1词汇：1. 数词：21-101 注意：A. forty; eighty; B. 读音： teen 与 ty2. 名词：可数名词与不可数名词的划分3. 词形变换：also （同义词） too each （同义词） everykilo （复数） kilos watch （复数） watchesmouse （复数） mice expensive （同义词） dearwaiter （对应词） waitress try （第三人称单数） triessell （反义词） buy4. 词语与短语：on the fourth floor 在第四层楼try on 试穿be on sale 减价（出售）another pair of pants 另一条裤子two yuan a kilo 每公斤两元sell / buy for 以价出售/ 购买have a look 看一看a clothing shop 一家服装店run over to 跑到two bags of salt 两包盐two kilos of eggs 两公斤鸡蛋six bottles of milk 六瓶牛奶Thanks anyway 仍然感谢。Dont worry. 别担心。Here is your change. 找你零钱。5. 购物用语：服务员或营业员： What can I do for you? Can / May / Could I help you?回答： Yes, please. Id like (to buy ) I want ( to buy ) Im looking for Do you have?谈论事物： How do you like? = What do you think of?How do you look in this dress? Not bad. How do the pants fit? Theyre too long.询问价格：How much is 主语（单数或不可数）？ How much are 主语（复数）？How much do you want for something?讨论价格： How / What about thirty yuan?Thats too expensive. Its a good price. The price is good.表示感谢： Thanks a lot. Thanks very much. Thanks anyway.回答： Not at all. Thats all right. Youre welcome.请求帮助：Could you do me a favor? = Could you do a favor for me? = Could you help me?决定与否： Ill take / have / get / buy it.易错点：1. some 常用于肯定句；any常用于否定句或疑问句。e.g. I have some friends. I dont have any friends. Do you have any friends?some 用于否定句时，希望得到对方肯定回答或征询意见e.g. Would you like some bread? Do you want some corn and wheat?2. try on the dress try the dress on try it on (T)try on it (F)3. a pair of pants / shoes / glasses an umbrella4. How much is this pair of shoes? (T) How much are this pair of shoes? (F)Unit 4 Topic 2词语与短语：be free 空闲；自由 visit a friend 拜访朋友on Sunday 在星期日 go to West Hill 去西山make a plan for 为制定计划 tomorrow afternoon 明天下午tell somebody about something 告诉某人有关事项right away 立刻；马上 discuss