人教版八年级上册英语知识点总结(2).doc

人教版八年级上册知识点汇总与习题
Unit1 Where did you go on vacation?
短语归纳
go on vacation去度假 stay at home待在家里 go to the mountains去爬山
go to the beach去海滩 visit museums 参观博物馆 go to summer camp去参观夏令营
quite a few相当多 study for为……而学习 go out出去 most of the time大部分时间
taste good尝起来很好吃 have a good time玩得高兴 of course当然 in the past在过去
feel like给……的感觉；感受 go shopping去购物 walk around四处走走 because of因为
one bowl of… 一碗…… the next day第二天 drink tea喝茶 find out找出；查明
go on继续 take photos照相 something important重要的事 up and down上上下下
come up出来 buy sth. for sb. / buy sb. sth.为某人买某物 taste + adj. 尝起来……
look+adj. 看起来…… nothing…but+动词原形 除了……之外什么都没有
seem+（to be）+ adj. 看起来…… arrive in+大地点 / arrive at+小地点 到达某地
decide to do sth.决定去做某事 try doing sth.尝试做某事 / try to do sth.尽力去做某事
forget doing sth.忘记做过某事/ forget to do sth.忘记做某事 enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事
want to do sth.想去做某事 start doing sth.开始做某事 stop doing sth. 停止做某事
dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事 keep doing sth.继续做某事
Why not do. sth.?为什么不做……呢？ so+adj.+that+从句 如此……以至于……
tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人（不要）做某事
语法讲解
1. go on vacation 度假　 vacation相当于holiday，但vacation表示长的假期。
4. something interesting有趣的东西
1）something，anything，nothing，everything是指物的不定代词。
somebody，someone，anybody，anyone，nobody，everybody，everyone是指人的不定代词。
somewhere，anywhere，nowhere，everywhere是指地点的不定代词。
2）当形容词修饰不定代词、不定副词时，放于其后； something special; somewhere wonderful.
3）不定代词、不定副词做主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。如：Is everybody here? 大家都到齐了吗？
4）something，somebody，someone，somewhere用于肯定句及表示请求或建议的疑问句中anything，anybody，anyone，anywhere用于否定句、疑问句及条件状语从句中。如：
Did you do anything interesting? 你做了有趣的事吗？（表疑问）
Why don’t you visit someone with me? 你为什么不跟我一起去拜访下某个人呢？（表建议）
If anything happens, please tell me. 如果有事情发生，请告诉我。
6. buy sth. for sb. 或 buy sb. sth 如： buy some books for me. = buy me some books.
7.提建议的句子： 8. ride bicycles 骑自行车
①What/ how about +doing sth.? 如：What/ How about going shopping?
②Why don’t you + do sth.? 如：Why don’t you go shopping?
③Why not + do sth. ? 如：Why not go shopping?
④Let’s + do sth. 如： Let’s go shopping
⑤Shall we/ I + do sth.? 如：Shall we/ I go shopping?
13. 辨析： get to/reach/arrive 都是“到达“的意思
get to+地点=reach+地点= arrive at+地点（小）=arrive in+地点（大）
注意：若他们后面要加地点副词here, there, home等，则不需要加介词。
14.nothing...but...意为“除......之外； 只有”，如：
I have nothing to do but watch TV all day long. 我整天除了看电视什么也没干。
15. feel like 意为：“感受到；摸起来”，后跟宾语从句或名词。如：
I felt like I was a bird. 我感觉我是一只鸟。
另外，构成短语 feel like doing sth.意为“想做某事”。如：I feel like eating.我想吃东西。
16. enjoy doing sth . 喜欢做…;乐意做…
enjoy oneself 过得愉快 =have fun/have a good time.
19. I wonder what life was like here in the past. 我想知道过去这里的生活是什么样的
(n): 奇迹；令人惊讶的事情 如：No wonder! 难怪；不足为奇！
wonder
(v) 惊讶 如：wonder at sth. ; wonder to do sth.
感到疑惑；想知道 如：I wonder where they are going.
20. few与little 的区别：

肯定
否定
许多
可数
a few
Few
quite a few/not a few
不可数
a little
Little
quite a little/ not a little
如：There is little sugar in the bottle. Can you get some?
Still no one seemed to be bored. 仍然没有人感到烦闷。
1）seem意为“好像；似乎；看来”，是个连系动词，构成的短语有：
seem to do sth. 好像做某事 如： They seem to wait for you.. 他们似乎在等你。
seem（to be）+adj. 似乎...... 如： He seemed ( to be) ill yesterday. 昨天他似乎病了。
It seems that + 从句 似乎...... 如： It seems that he was ill yesterday. 昨天他似乎病了。
其他表示状态的系动词有：feel(觉得）; keep（保持）;stay（保持）;look（看来像...）;
smell（闻起来）sound（听起来……）taste（尝起来……）
2） bored (adj)，意为“感到厌倦的、无聊的”,其主语是某人；
boring(adj)，意为“令人厌倦的、无聊的”其主语是某物。 如：
I got bored with the boring work. 我对这无聊的工作感到厌倦。
相类似的词语还有
interested/ tired/ excited/ amazed/surprised
interesting/ tiring/ exciting/ amazing/surprising
22. decide（v）决定 decide to (not) do sth. = make a decision (not) to do sth.
decision(n) decide on doing sth. 决定做某事
如：Li Lei has decided to go to Beijing . 李雷已经决定去北京。
23. Because of the bad weather, we couldn’t see anything below.
1） because of + 名词/代词/名短 I had to move because of my job. 因为工作的原因
because +　从句 如：I do it because I like it. 我做这件事是因为我喜欢。
2）below意为“在......下面;低于”，其反义词为 above，意为“在......上面；高于”
24.　 　形容词/副词＋enough 如：wet/quietly enough　足够漂亮
enough enough ＋名词　如：enough umbrellas 足够的雨伞
足够 (形/副)＋enough+ (名) to do sth. 　足够…去做…
如：I have enough money to go to Beijing. 我有足够的钱去北京。
She is not old enough to go to school. 她年龄不够，不能去上学。
同义句： She is too young to go to school. (too… to… :太… 而不能…)
She is so young that she can’t go to school.
如此…以致于（结果）
25. so+形/副+that 从句：She is so popular that everyone likes her.
such such+名短+ that 从句：She is such a popular girl that...
so that 从句：结果…（为了） 如：He gets up early so that he can catch the early bus.
26. 反身代词：myself/yourself/itself/herself/himself/ourselves/yourselves/themselves
如：The child (herself) usually wears the clothes (herself).
27．What a difference a day makes! 一天的差异多大啊！make a difference in…：对…有影响
感叹句的结构
1. What a/an + adj.+ n(单)+主+谓！或 What + adj. +n（复不）+主+谓！
2. How+ adj. +主+谓（联系动词）！或 How + adv+主+谓（实义动词）！
28. I just stayed at homemost of the time to read and relax.
Unit2 How often do you exercise?
短语归纳
help with housework帮助做家务 on weekends在周末 how often多久一次
hardly ever几乎从不 once a week每周一次 twice a month每月两次 every day每天
be free有空 go to the movies去看电影 use the Internet用互联网 swing dance摇摆舞
play tennis打网球 stay up late熬夜；睡得很晚 at least至少
have dance and piano lessons上舞蹈课和钢琴课 go to bed early早点睡觉
play sports进行体育活动 be good for对……有好处 go camping去野营
not…at all一点儿也不…… in one’s free time在某人的业余时间 the most popular最受欢迎的
such as比如；诸如 old habits die hard积习难改 go to the dentist去看牙医
morn than多于；超过 less than少于 help sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事
How about…? ......怎么样？/ ……好不好？ want sb. to do sth.想让某人做某事
How many+可数名词复数+一般疑问句？ ……有多少……?
主语+find+that从句. ……发现…… spend time with sb.和某人一起度过时光
It’s+ adj.+ to do sth. 做某事的……的。 ask sb. about sth.向某人询问某事
by doing sth. 通过做某事 What’s your favorite……?你最喜爱的……是什么？
the best way to do sth.做某事的最好方式
语法讲解
1. exercise （v/n）的用法
1）（动）:锻炼. 如： He exercises every day.
2) (可数名词)：“...操;练习”. 如：do morning/ eye exercises; do math exercises
(不可数名词):“锻炼;运动”讲：如： We often do / take exercise on weekends.
2. ----How often do you usually go shopping? —Sometimes/Twice a week. 有时候/一周两次.
1) go shopping 意为“去购物”。Go+ v- ing : 表示进行某项活动。如：
Go swimming/ shopping/skating/skiing/fishing/climbing/hiking
2)频率副词：always=all the time, usually, often, sometimes=at times , hardly ever, never
(1).sometimes: 有时候；sometime：某时；some times：许多次/倍; some time: 一段时间
hard
(2). hardly(adv): 几乎不 硬的；困难的；严厉的；勤奋的 a hard writer
努力地； 猛烈地 study/rain hard
3）how often表示“多久一次”，是对动作的频率进行提问。其回答通常有：
频率副词： always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever, never
how often 次数＋时间段: 如：once or twice a week
every ＋时间段: every day (每天) 区别：everyday（每天的；日常的）
注意：表示“一次或两次”时，一般用once和twice表示。如：once a month(一个月一次)
而表示“三次或以上”时，则用“数词＋times”结构。如：five times a year (一年五次)
4） 由how构成的疑问词组的用法
“多少”
how many+ 可数名词复数 如：how many programs
how much+不可数名词 如：how much coffee
但how much=what’s the price of..? 还有“多少钱”的意思 如：How much are those pants?
how many times: “多少次”. 其答语表示次数。如：once ,twice，three times等
How old...? 询问年龄 如：How old are you? I am five.
“how long…?”
(4) 多久(时间) 常用 for two days，for three hours等回答。
多长（某物的长度） 如：---How long is the river? --- 10 kms.
(5)how soon 用来询问过多久，多久以后，其答语是in two hours，in three days等。
如：How soon wil he come back？ In an hour。
3. “空闲的”：Are you free tonight? 4. at least 至少 at most 最多
be free “自由的”： a free country freedom(n) 5. stay up 熬夜
“免费的”： work for free. 6. junk food 垃圾食品
full
5. “满的；饱的” …be full of… : The bottle is full of water. 瓶子里装满了水。
“忙的”=busy He had a full life
6．She says it’s good for my health. 她说那对我的健康有益。
(1）be good for：“对……有好处”。 如：Doing exercise is good for our health.
（2）be good at：“擅长于……” 如：He is good at playing football.
(3) be good to sb./sth: “对……好” 如：The old woman is good to us.
(4) be good to do sth.: “适合；宜于” 如：The water is good to drink.
(5) be good with: “与……相处好” 如： The teacher is good with his students.
7．go online = use the Internet ：上网 8. Teenager magazine 青少年杂志
9. more than two hours=over two hours:超过 10. go to the dentist: 去看牙医
11. keep healthy = stay healthy = keep in good health: 保持健康
12. ask sb. to do : 叫…做某事 Teacher asked me to clean the classroom.
Ask sb. not to do sth.: 叫…不要做某事 Teacher asked me not to clean the classroom.
ask sb. about sth. : 问某人某事 We asked our students about their free time activities.
ask sb. for sth. : 向某人要求… 如：ask teacher for help
13. help sb. with sth. 如：They help me with this problem. 他们帮助你解决这个问题。
help sb.（to）do. 如：They help you (to) solve this problem. 他们帮助你解决这个问题。
14. (n) 惊讶: to one’s surprise 令某人惊讶的是 in surprise 惊讶地
surprise be surprised at sth. 对… 感到意外
v) 使惊奇、意外： be surprised to do sth. 惊讶做某事
be surprised that + 从句
如：I was surprised at the news = I was surprised to hear the news.
15. fifteen percent of the students 百分之十五的学生 16. swing dance 摇摆舞
17. although(conj):“尽管；虽然”，表示转折关系，同义词有though, 不能与but同时使用。
如： Although they’re neighbors, they don’t play together.
= They’re neighbors, but they don’t play together. 尽管他们是邻居，但是他们不在一起玩。
18. maybe (adv): 也许，大概 (Maybe) he (maybe) knows it.
May + v(原)：也许，大概 He may know it.
如：Maybe he is at home.= He maybe is at home.= He may be at home.
19. It’s good to relax by using the Internet or watching game shows.
by: He learns English by singing English songs.
通过… 方式 He went home by bus.= He went home on the bus= He took the bus home.
through 通过… 方式+ 名词： The best way to relax is through exercise
（从…里面）穿过： Climb through the window.
注意： 横过（从一边到另一边） walk across the street.
例如
20. such as =like + 名短： 如： such as winning the game.
for example + 句子： 如：It’s healthy for the mind and the body.
21. Old habits die hard. 恶习难改. die(v):死亡；消失 death(n): 死亡；
dead(adj): 死的； dying(adj): 垂死的；临终的；（植）枯萎的 dying wish----遗言
21. You can spend time with your friends and family as you play together.
spend
度过（时间） 如：spend the weekend with family
花费（时间、钱） 如：He spent 20 yuan (in) buying the magazine.
同义句：He spent 20 yuan on the magazine.
He paid 20 yuan for the magazine.
It took him 20 yuan to buy the magazine.
The magazine cost him 20 yuan.
Unit3 I’m more outgoing than my sister
短语归纳
more outgoing更外向 as…as…与……一样…… the singing competition唱歌比赛
be similar to与……相像的/类似的 the same as和……相同；与……一致
be different from与……不同 care about关心；介意 be like a mirror像一面镜子
the most important最重要的 as long as只要；既然 bring out使显现；使表现出
get better grades取得更好的成绩 reach for伸手取 in fact事实上；实际上
make friends交朋友 the other其他的 touch one’s heart感动某人
be talented in music有音乐天赋 be good at擅长…… be good with善于与……相处
have fun doing sth.享受做某事的乐趣 be good at doing sth擅长做某事
make sb. do sth.让某人做某事 want to do sth.想要做某事
as+adj./adv.的原级+as 与……一样…… It’s+ adj.+for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说，做某事……的。
语法讲解
15. 形容词和副词的比较级
一、含义1. 大多数形容词和副词有三个等级： 原级、比较级、最高级: good – better - best
2. 比较级：表示两者(人或物)之间的比较。
3. 加more/most ~的情况：①.部分双音节和多音节词；②.-ed/ing结尾的词；③adj+ly→adv.
4. 双写的词：一个大热天，一个胖子和一个瘦子穿着红衣服，汗湿了，很伤心。
big hot fat thin red wet sad
二．比较级基本句型：
↗连系动词+ adj.（比） 如： Lucy is slower than Lily.
1．主语+谓语动词+adj./adv（比）+ than+ 对比成分
↘实义动词+ adv./ （比） 如：Lucy runs more slowly than Lily.
2. 主语必须与对比成分保持一致：Her hair is longer than yours.(→your hair)
同级比较
3． … as+adj./adv.(原级)+as …: “如同…一样…”
否定：… not as/so+adj./adv.(原级)+as …: “不如……一样……”
4．比较级＋and＋比较级：越来越…… e.g. They talked more and more loudly.
5. The比较级…,the＋比较级…：越…就越… The more exercise you do, the stronger you’ll be.
6. “Which / Who is + 比较级， A or B？” e.g. Which T-shirt is nicer, this one or that one?
7. the+比较级+of the（ two ） : 两者中较…的一个
Of the twins, she was the more hard-working .
8. 常用the one代单数可数名词,the ones /those 代替复数名词,that 代替不可数名词.
e.g. The book here is newer than the one on the desk．
The apples on the tree are fresher than those/the ones in the box.
The weather in Wuhan is hotter than that in Beijing.
9. 比较级前可用“数词+名词” 表示确定的度量。
e.g. I am (5 years) older than him．The room is (3 times) as large as that one.
注意： 1. 原级常与very, as，so, too, quite，pretty, really等连用。
2. 比较级常与much, even, far, than, a little, a bit, a lot 等连用.
3. Than 后的比较状语结构: e.g. He runs faster than me/ I (do).
16. You can tell that Lisa really wanted to win, though. 然而，你能看得出丽莎真的想赢。
讲述： tell a story/lie/joke.
1). tell 告诉 ： tell sb. sth.(不能为it/them)= tell sth. to sb. ; tell sb. (not) to do sth.
辨别；识别：Can you tell the differences between the twins?
2).though意为“然而；但是”，表示转折关系， 常放于句尾，用逗号隔开，而however可位于句首、句中或句末，常用逗号隔开。 However，You can tell that Lisa really wanted to win
17. I think friends are like books--- you don’t need a lot of them as long as they’re good.
我认为朋友就像书---你不需要很多，只要好 就行。
look like : 看起来像（外貌） She is pretty tall.
be like: 像（性格，外貌） He is outgoing/ serious.
18. My best friend helps to brings out the best in me. 我最好的朋友帮我激发出我最好的品质.
使显现；使表现出： The dress brings out the color of her skin.
bring out 生产；出版： The factory brings out a new kind of car.
bring out the best/worst in sb. 激发出某人最好/最差的品质.
19. I know she cares about me because she’s always there to listen (to me).
我知道她关心我，因为她随时都能够听我倾诉。
(n) 小心；谨慎 Take care! 当心/保重 Cross the road with care.
1). care :介意；在乎（=mind） I don’t care what happens.
(v) care about: 关心；在意 如：He doesn’t care about anything people say.
care for 关心；照顾 = take care of或look after
喜欢；想要（否或疑） 如：Would you care for a cup of coffee?
be there
2). for sb. 随叫随到；不离左右 如：Parents are always there for children.
to do sth. 随时准备帮助 如：She is there to work out the problem.
20. I don’t really care if my friends are the same as me or different. if: 是否； 如果
我真的不介意是否我的朋友与我一样还是不同。
21．They both like sports. 他们俩都喜欢运动。（both：两个都；用在实动之前，其它动词之后）
You are both too young. They both speak English.
Both of …..+名词复数 如： Both of the flowers are beautiful. 两朵花都很漂亮。
both…and… 两者都…… 反义词组：neither…nor…两者都不……
注意：all：都（三者或三者以上）; either:两者中任一个；every：每个（三者或三者以上）
22.A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart.
一个真正的朋友（在你需要帮助的时候）向你伸出手，触动你的心弦。
reach
到达： reach /arrive at /get to the school
伸手去拿： reach ( out one’s hand) for sth.
与…取得联系：How can I reach you?
延伸：The forest reaches as far as the river. 森林延伸到河边。
(v) 接触；触摸：Don’t touch the paint! 请勿触油漆!
touch
触动；感动 I was touched/moved by