新外研版八年级上册总复习知识点归纳.doc

2014年秋八年级英语上册复习资料
Module 1 How to learn English
重点短语:
1. practise doing sth. 练习做某事 study plan学习计划
2. a number of +可数名词复数+V（复数）：许多、很多
the number of+可数名词复数+V（单数）：……的数量
3. advice建议 paper纸 （都是不可数名词）
a piece of advice一条建议 a piece of paper 一张纸
three pieces of paper 三张纸
give sb. some advice给某人一些建议
advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人去做某事
4. write it / them down把它（它们）写下来
5. What else? 还有什么其它的？
6. It is adj.(形容词)+for sb. ）to do sth.
（对某人来说）做某事怎么样
It is difficult for old people to learn English well.
对于老年人来说学习英语很难。
It is adj. (形容词)+ (of sb.) to do sth.
某人做某事某人怎么样
It is very kind of you to help me. 你能帮我你真好。
（以上动词不定式短语在句中作真正，It 是形式主语）
7. It is a good idea\way to do sth.
做某事时个好主意（好方法）。
8. this term这学期 last term上学期 next term下学期
9. help sb. （to）do sth. help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事
10. ask for advice征求意见 basic questions基本问题
11. 人（作主语）+spend on sth.
人（作主语）+spend (in) doing sth. 某人花费时间做某事
物（作主语）+cost (花某人多少钱)
It takes sb. some time to do sth. 花某人多少时间去做某事
人（作主语）+pay for（付钱、花钱）
12. the meaning of……的意思 try to do sth. 尝试做某事
13. talk\speak to sb.与某人谈话 write to sb. 写信给某人
14. start a conversation开始一段谈话
15. talk about sth. with sb.跟某人谈论某事
16. as much\many as possible尽可能多地
Let’s speak English as much as possible.
Let’s find out what else we can do to save as many animals as possible. =Let’s find out what else we can do to save animals as many as possible.
much 修饰不可数名词 many 修饰可数名词
17. make mistakes \make a mistake 犯错误
18. listen to the radio听收音机
19. a way to do sth\ (good )ways to do sth.
做某事的（好）方法
20. several times 几次 What’s happening? 发生什么事？
21. something new\old\interesting 新\旧\有趣的东西\事情
形容词修饰不定代词时，放在不定代词后面。
22. one or two days 一两天
four or five words 四五个单词
25. 表示建议的句子：
①What about doing=How about doing…? 做……怎么样？
②Why not do=Why don’t you do..? 为什么不做……？
③Try (not) to do sth. 试着做 （不做）某事
④should do 应该做…..
⑤It’s a good idea to do sth. 做…..是个好主意
⑥Would you like to do sth. ？你想要做……？
⑦Let sb.do sth. 让某人做某事
⑧Remember to do sth.=Don’t forget to do sth.
记得（别忘了）去做某事
⑨You’d better do sth. 你最好做某事
重点句子:
1. Welcome back, everyone! 欢迎大家回来！
2. We should always speak English in class.
我们应该在课堂上一直讲英语。
3. Let’s try to speak English as much as possible. 让我们尽可能多地说英语。
4. We are going to talk about good ways to learn English.
我们将谈论一些学英语的好方法。
5. Why not write down our mistakes in our notebook?
为什么不在笔记本上把错误写下来？
6. It’s a good idea to spell and pronounce new words aloud every day. 每天拼写和大声读出新单词是个好主意。
7. How/What about listening to the radio?
听收音机怎么样？
8. Watching films and listening to songs are great ways to learn English. 看电影和听歌是学英语的好方法。
9. I also advise you to talk about the films or songs with your friends. 我也建议你跟你的朋友谈论电影和歌曲
10. I am shy and I am afraid to speak to her.
我害羞而且我害怕与她交谈。
11. It’s natural to forget new words!
忘记新单词是合乎情理的。
12. I suggest you write four or five words a day on pieces of paper. 我建议你每天在纸上写下四五个单词。
13. 当million, billion, thousand，hundred等前有具体数词修饰时，他们不用加s,不加of。若表示不具体数目时则加s，加of。three hundred 三百 hundreds of 数以百计的
如果前面是several时，要么加s加of,要么不加s不加of。
Several millions of years ago=several million years ago
Module 2 My home town and my country.
重点短语:
1. travel around the world环球旅行 one day总有一天
2. stay with sb.跟某人呆在一起
3. put on \take off穿上\脱下 land \take off着陆\起飞
4. the price of ……的价钱
5. What do you think of…? How do you like…?
你认为……怎么样？
6. fly to somewhere.飞到某地
7. because+句子 I was late this morning because I got up late. 今天早上我迟到了是因为我起迟了。
because of +n./名词短语
8. more than=over 超过 sell out卖光
9. come true实现 pretty good相当好，非常好
10. on the coast 在沿海 most days 大部分时间
11. a\the population of ……的人口
12. millions of 数以百万的 具体数字+million
13. as adj.\adv.(原级) as 和…..一样
14. be famous for 以……著名\闻名
be famous as 作为……出名\著名
15. in fact 事实上 bigger and busier 更大更繁华
16. some day 某一天 such as 比如
17. much wider 宽阔得多 many other cities 许多其他城市
18. a beautiful city 一个美丽的城市
19. bring sth. with sb. 某人随身携带某物
20. show respect to sb. 向某人表示尊敬
21.in the east\south\west\north of 在….东\南\西\北（面）
22.单音节和少数双音节形容词或副词的比较级构成方法及比较级构成句型：课本P123
重点句子:
1. It’s taller than many other buildings.
它比其他许多建筑物高。
2. ----How was your weekend? 你的周末怎么样？
-----Pretty good! 相当好！
3. It’s getting bigger and busier. 它变得更大更繁华。
4. It’s on the coast near Hong Kong. 在靠近香港海岸线上。
5. Some day ，it will become as busy as Hong Kong.
有一天，它会变得跟香港一样繁华。
1) as + 形容词/副词 + as 和……一样
2)not as + 形容词/副词 + as 不像……
6. What’s the population of Shenzhen? 深圳的人口是多少？
The population of Shenzhen is larger than that of many other cities in China.
深圳的人口要比中国其他城市的人口要大得多。
Population 是一个集合名词，常与定冠词the连用，作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数。例如：The world’s population is increasing faster and faster.
have a population of …表示“有……人口”。
指人口的多少用large或small。
7. My home town is especially(尤其) famous for it’s university. 我的家乡尤其以它的大学而著名。
8. Millions of tourists visit it every year to show respect to President Lincoln.
每年数以百万的旅游者来参观它是对林肯总统表示尊敬。
9. There are lots of old buildings and churches to visit.
可以参观许多古老的建筑物和教堂。
10. The population of India is smaller than that of China but larger than that of Russia.
印度的人口比中国少但比俄罗斯多。
Module 3 Sports
重点短语:
1. just now刚才（用于一般过去时） grow up长大
2. show sth. to sb.=show sb. sth. 向某人展示某物
3. be called/named被叫做…
4. also用于句中 too 用于句末，但有逗号
as well用于句末，但没有逗号
5. play tennis 打网球 look tired 看上去很累
6. on TV 在电视上\通过电视
7. a minute ago 一分钟前 several minutes ago 几分钟前
8. as early as we can 尽可能早 beat sb. 打败某人
9. not …at all 根本， 一点也不
10. stay at home 呆在家 enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事
11. bad luck 运气不佳 never mind 别介意
12. go to the stadium 去体育馆
13. plenty of +可数名词复数/+不可数名词
= a lot of\ lots of 许多、大量
many +可数名词复数 much +不可数名词
14. play against 与…..对打\对抗
15. train hard 努力训练 train harder 更加努力训练
train more carefully 更加认真训练
listen to me carefully 仔细认真地听我讲
do\play well\badly\worse 做\弹\打得好坏更糟
do better\play better 做弹打得更好
do\play the best 做\得弹得最好
副词可用于修饰动词，常放在动词后面。
16.warm up 热身（活动\运动） keep fit 保持健康
17. be late for 迟到 something exciting 令人兴奋的事
18. be pleased with sb.\sth.
对某人\某事感到满意\高兴
19. in the final match 在决赛中
20. have a good\better chance of doing sth.
很有\更有可能\机会做某事
21. cheer sb. on 为某人喝彩\欢呼 so that以至于
22. feel (more) confident to do sth.
做某事觉得（更）有信心
23. all the same 仍然、还是 be ready for 准备好
24.the +比较级，the + 比较级 越…..越…..
The more you go jogging, the healthier you will feel.
你慢跑越多，你会觉得越健康。
比较级+比较级 越来越…..
The water in the pool is getting less and less.
池子里的水变得越来越少。
I wish you more and more beautiful.
我祝愿你越来越漂亮。
25. 多音节和少部分双音节形容词和副词的比较级的构成方法及副词的基本用法：课本P123-125
重点句子:
1. ——What’s the score? 比分是多少？
——Spain scored a minute ago. 西班牙刚进一球。
2. So this week’s match is already more exciting.
那么这周的比赛已经更加令人兴奋了。
3. What’s the matter with you? 你怎么了？
4. Watching is not dangerous and it’s more relaxing too!
观看(球赛)不危险而且更加令人放松。
5. Nothing is more enjoyable than playing tennis.
没有什么比打网球更令人愉快的了。
6. We all arrive as early as we can so that we have time to warm up. 我们都尽早到达以便能有时间热身。
7. We are training harder than usual because the other team beat us last year. 我们比平时训练更努力，因为去年另一个队打败了我们。
8. It’s more difficult to practise in winter.
在冬天训练更加困难。
9. That means we have a better chance of winning.
那意味着我们赢的机会更大。
10. They cheer us on loudly and we feel more confident to win the game. 他们大声为我们喝彩，而我们也更有信心赢得比赛。
11. Table tennis is more exciting than tennis.
乒乓球比网球更令人兴奋。
12. They practise more carefully this week than last week. 他们这周比上周练习得更加仔细。
13. The teacher speaks slowly and carefully.
老师讲得又慢又仔细。
14. Tom did his homework carelessly. 汤姆做作业很粗心。
15. ---Bad buck! 运气不佳！ --- Never mind. 没关系。
Module 4 Planes, ships and trains
重点短语:
1. get on well with sb.与某人相处融洽
2. learn a foreign language 学习一门外语
3. in fact事实上 an accident 一次事故
4. how often多久一次（用频度副词来回答）
how soon多久以后（用in+一段时间提问，一般是一般将来时）
how far多远（提问路程多远） how long多久、多长
5. take part in 参加 a road accident 道路交通事故
6. an eight-year-old boy 一个八岁大的男孩
7. have to do sth.不得不去做某事
has to do sth. / had to do sth.
8. because of由于 + 名词（短语）、代词
because +句子
9. get here\there\home 到达这里\那里\家
10. luck(n.)→lucky(adj.)→luckily(adv.)
11. care(n.)→careful(adj.)→carefully(adv.)
12. take the\a bus =by bus 乘公共汽车
take a taxi= by taxi 乘出租车
take a plane = by plane\air 乘飞机
take a train =by train 乘火车
ride a bike =by bike 坐自行车
walk to = go to …on foot 走路/步行
He usually takes a bus to school.
= He goes to school by bus.
13. close to 靠近、接近 book the ticket 订票
14. far (away) from 远离、离…..远
15. much \heavy traffic 交通拥堵、拥挤
16. except sb. 除了某人 as much as 与……一样多
17. the same as 与…..一样
be different from 与…..不同
18. all the time 一只，总是 have a nice trip 旅途愉快
19. most of …… ……的大部分 wait for 等候
20. It takes\took sb. some time\money to do sth.
花费某人多长时间\多少钱去做某事。
21. the second cheapest\longest 第二便宜\长
22. 反意疑问句：前肯后否、前否后肯，反意疑问句必须换成主语的代词，谓语动词在时态和人称上要保持一致。
表示否定意义的词：never/hardly/few/little/nothing/ /no
① there be→be there? (be 有不同)
② You’d better→hadn’t you?
③ Let’s→shall we?
④ Let us→will you?
⑤ 祈使句→will you?
⑥ 一般现在时→do/does +主语?
⑦ 现在进行时→am/is/are +主语?
⑧ 一般过去时→did +主语?
⑨ 过去进行时→was/were+ 主语?
⑩ 情态动词→情态动词 +主语?
若句子里含有否定的意义，那么yes翻译成“不”，no翻译成“是”。
重点句子：
１． He lives the farthest from school. 他住得离学校最远。
２． What happened? 怎么了？
３． There was a road accident, and the traffic was very
heavy. 路上发生了事故，交通很拥堵。
4. But nobody was late, except me. 但除了我没有人迟到。
5. It’s the most comfortable way, but it’s also the most expensive. 这是最舒适的方式，但它也是最昂贵的。
6. How long does the journey take and what is the best way to travel? 旅途花多长时间，最好的出行方式是什么？
7. The more information , the better. 信息越多越好。
8. A journey by train is more relaxing than by coach, but a lot more expensive. 乘火车旅行比长途汽车更令人放松，但也贵得多。
9. Book your ticket before you book your hotel.
在订房间之前先订票。
10. It’s better to go to Shanghai first. 最好先去上海。
11. Thanks for your help. 感谢你的帮忙。
12. Have a nice trip! 祝你旅途快乐！
Module 5 Lao She Teahouse
重点短语:
1. send/give sb. sth.=send sth. to sb. 发送/给某人某物
2. every/each（每个）+V单数
3. tired累的（人）　　tiring累的（物、事）
4. think of认为 　 think about考虑
5. take sth. out of 拿出 　　take away拿走带走
take off飞机起飞、脱衣服
6. get up起床　　 make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
7. on one’s way to …在某人去……的路上
8. in the end = at last=finnally 最后、最终
9. take sb. to sw. 到某人到某地
10. No idea. =I have no idea.　= I don’t know.　不知道
11. one of + 可数名词复数 …...之一
one of + 最高级+可数名词复数 最….之一
13. in the nineteenth\twentieth century 在十九\二十世纪
14. after finishing school 毕业后
15. be named\called 被称为……
16. magic show魔术表演
17. traditional music\food\festival
传统音乐\食物\节日
18. give a warm welcome to sb. 　热烈欢迎（某人）
19. all over the world 全世界
20. happen= take place 发生 return to 回到
21. Who is it by? 由…..创作？ at a college 在大学
22. offer to do sth.主动提出去做某事
23. agree to do sth.同意去做某事　　agree with sb.同意某人
24. plan 计划/decide 决定/hope希望/want想要/agree同意/offer建议/try尝试/wish/希望/begin开始/need需要/forget忘记+ to do sth.(动词不定式短语作宾语)
24. be glad/happy to do sth. 高兴做某事
25. buy sb. sth.=buy sth. for sb. 为某人买某物
重点句子：
1. I want to see the Beijing Opera. 我想去看京剧。
2. So Lingling offered to take me there.
因此玲玲主动提出带我去那儿。
3. It was difficult to understand the words. 理解台词很困难。
4. It describes the changes in Chinese society.
它描述了中国社会的变迁。
5. I hope to understand more next time.
我希望下次能够理解更多。
6. Teahouse is one of Lao She’s most famous plays.
《茶馆》是老舍最著名的话剧之一。
7. Lao She Teahouse gives a warm welcome to everyone from all over the world.
老舍茶馆热烈欢迎来自世界各地的人们。
8. He was named “the People’s Artist”.
他被誉为“人民艺术家”。
9. ---Did you enjoy it? 你喜欢它（京剧）吗？
---Well, it was interesting. That’s the main thing.
嗯，它（京剧）很有趣，那是重要的事。
10. ---Who is Lao She? 谁是老舍？
---No idea. = I don’t know. 我不知道。
Module 6 Animals in danger
重点短语:
1. get close to 接近\靠近
2. be interested to do sth. 感兴趣去做某事
be\get\become interested in sth.\doing sth
对某事\做某事感兴趣
interested形容人 interesting形容物或者事
excited \ bored\relaxed\surprised形容人
exciting\boring\relaxing\surprising 形容物或者事
3. in danger 处于危险中\濒临灭绝
4. take away =take care of 夺去、带走、拿走
5. look after 照顾、照管、看管、照料
6. find out 找出、查明
7. protect the animals 保护动物
8. in the wild 在野外
9. lose their home 失去家园
10. do a lot of research 做大量研究
11. in order to +do sth. 为了做某事
12. set up natures parks 设立自然公园
13. develop plans 制定计划
14. go back to =return to 回归、回到
15. work hard 努力工作\学习
16. be worried about =worry about 担心
17. a symbol of … 的象征\标志
18. raise money 集资，筹款
19. have a safe place to live 有安全住处
20. in peace和平的
21. be sure of/about sth. 对某事有把握、确信
be sure to do sth. 确信去做某事
22. hear of sth. 听说
23. the capital of …..的首都
24. what’s your favourite… 你最喜欢的……是什么？
25. a fan of …的粉丝
26. I don’t believe it! 我不相信它！
27. not only…..but also…..不但……而且……
28. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
29. stop sb.（from）doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
30. ask sb. (not) to do sth. 叫某人（不）做某事
重点句子：
1. I am more interested to see the pandas in the Wolong Panda Reserve. 我对看卧龙保护区的熊猫更加感兴趣。
2. Because it allow people to get closer to them.
因为它允许人们更加接近它们。
3. It’s sad to think of the pandas and other animals in danger. 想起熊猫和其他频危动物就令我伤心。
4. Many wild animals don’t have a safe place to live.
许多野生动物没有安全的栖身之所。
5. I think we need to help animals live in peace.
我想我们需要帮助动物们和平地生活。
6. Let’s find out what else we can do to save as many animals as possible. 让我们找找我们还能为保护尽可能多的动物做些什么别的事？
7. The WWF is working hard to save them.
世界自然基金会正努力挽救所有动物。
8. There are only about 1,600 pandas living in the wild today.今天只剩下大约1，600只熊猫生活在野外。
9. Each panda needs to eat a lot of bamboo every day.
每天每只熊猫要吃掉许多竹子。
10. The zoo asks us not to feed the animals.
动物园要求我们不能投喂动物。
11. We should work hard to stop people killing tigers.
我们应该努力阻止人们杀戮老虎。
12. We need to protect them better.
我们需要更好地保护它们。
Module 7 A famous story
重点短语:
1. a girl called Alice 一个名字叫做爱丽丝的女孩
2. by the river在河边 be late晚的、迟的
3. in a tree人或外来物在树上 on a tree 水果在树上
on the grass在草地上 with a watch 带着一块手表
4. smile at sb.朝某人微笑 fall down=go down摔落
5. have nothing to do无事可做 run by/ past 跑过
6. have a tea party 开茶会 once or twice 一两次
7. see\hear sb. do sth. 看见、听见某人做某事
8. think about 考虑、思考 too…to 太……而不能
9. take out of 从…..拿出 what for=why
10. run after 追赶、追逐 one day 有一天
11. smell/look/taste/feel/sound/turn/get(变得）/become+adj.
如: look pale , taste good, feel happy, sound beautiful, turn green, get cold, become famous
12. What’s the matter with you? 你怎么了？
=What’s wrong with you?
13. be afraid+句子 be afraid to do sth.害怕做某事
be afraid of doing sth.
14. try to do sth. try one’s best to do sth.尽力去做某事
15. hear from=get a letter from=receive a letter from
收到某人来信
16. thanks for sth. 感谢某人 smile at everyone 对每个人微笑
17. can’t wait to do sth.等不及去做某事
18. wear glasses戴眼镜 at first首先
19. arrive at+小地点 arrive in +大地点
reach sw. get to sw. 到达某地
20. sound like听起来像 the captain of……的队长
21. work hard努力工作 get/be angry with sb.
be an