新概念英语第二册笔记-第81课.doc

Lesson 81 Escape脱逃
【Text】
When he had killed the guard, the prisoner of war quickly dragged him into the bushes. Working rapidly in the darkness, he soon changed into the dead man's clothes. Now, dressed in a blue uniform and with a rifle over his shoulder, the prisoner marched boldly up and down in front of the camp. He could hear shouting in the camp itself. Lights were blazing and men were running here and there: they had just discovered that a prisoner had escaped. At that moment, a large black car with four officers inside it, stopped at the camp gates. The officers got out and the prisoner stood to attention and saluted as they passed. When they had gone, the driver of the car came towards him. The man obviously wanted to talk. He was rather elderly with grey hair and clear blue eyes. The prisoner felt sorry for him, but there was nothing else he could do. As the man came near, the prisoner knocked him to the ground with a sharp blow. Then, jumping into the car, he drove off as quickly as he could.
【课文翻译】
那个战俘杀死卫兵以后，迅速地把尸体拖进了灌木丛。他在黑暗中忙活了一阵儿，很快就换上了死者的衣服。现在他身穿蓝军装，肩扛步枪，在军营门前大胆地来回走看。他听得军营里面的喧闹声。那里灯火通明，人们在东奔西跑：他们刚刚发现有一个俘虏跑了。 正在此时，一辆黑色大轿车在军营门口停了下来。里面坐了4个军官。军官们下了车，战俘立正站好，并在他们从他面前经过时敬了礼。他们走后，汽车司机向他走来，这人显然是想聊天。他上了年纪，有着灰白的头发和明亮的蓝眼睛。战俘为他感到惋惜，但却没有别的选择。当这个人走近时，战俘一拳把他打倒在地，然后跳进车里，以最快的速度把车开走了。
New words and expressions 生词和短语
blaze v. 闪耀
salute v. 行礼
elderly adj. 上了年纪的
grey adj. 灰白的
sharp adj. 猛烈的
blow n. 打击
prisoner n. 囚犯
bush n. 灌木丛
rapidly adv. 迅速地
uniform n. 制服
rifle n. 来福枪，步枪
shoulder n. 肩
march v. 行进

【生词讲解】
1. prisoner
（1） n. 囚犯 jailbird
（2） n. 俘虏
POW：a prisoner of war 战俘
eg：They were taken prisoner.
他们被俘

prison 监牢、监狱 （jail）
be in prison ＝ be in jail 坐牢 ←→ break prison ＝ break jail 越狱
behind bard 在狱中

2. bush n. 灌木丛（比tree低而且多枝）
shrub 灌木丛 ； a rose bush 蔷薇丛
beat around the bush ＝ beat about the bush 绕弯子说话，转弯抹角地说话
beat the bush 到处搜寻 ；
bushy adj. 灌木丛生的；茂密的

3. rapidly adv. 迅速地 （反义词slowly）
speak rapidly 迅速地说 ； speak more rapidly更迅速地说
rapid
1） adj. 迅速的（反义词slow）
more rapid → most rapid
2） adj. 快速的 、敏捷的
a rapid stream 急流 ； a rapid worker 工作快速的人
eg：He took a rapid glance at me .
他快速的看了我一眼。
eg：Rapid progress was made.
进步很快。
eg：Her thinking was rapid .
她的脑筋反应很灵敏。
rapids n. 急流
apidity n. 迅速、速度 ；with rapidity 非常迅速地
with astonishing rapidity 以惊人的速度

4. uniform
（1） n. 制服
a school uniform 校服 ； in uniform 穿着制服
out of uniform 穿着便服
eg：All the students must wear uniforms at our school.
在我们的学校所有学生必须穿校服
（2） adj. 相同的、同行的
a row of uniform buildings 一排相同的的建筑
eg：The boxes are uniform in weight. 相同重量的箱子
（3）adj. 不变的、一定的
walk at a uniform pace 以一定的步伐走路
5. rifle n. 来福枪，步枪
hunting rifle 猎枪；
trigger 扳机
barrel 桶；筒，枪(或炮)管 ； gun 枪，炮
machine gun 机关枪 ；
pistol 手枪
hold a pistol to a person’s head 拿枪举着头

6. shoulder
1） n. 肩膀
sloping shoulder斜肩 ； square shoulder平肩
eg：She looked over her shoulder .
她回过头向后看。
shoulders 双肩
eg：Take the responsibility on your shoulders .
你要自己负起责任来。
eg：My son’s finding employment took a load off my shoulders .
我的儿子找到工作卸下我肩上的担子。
2） 肩部、路肩、肩
the shoulder of a mountain 山肩
the shoulder of a vase 花瓶的肩部
cry on one’s shoulder 向某人哭诉
give someone the shoulder 冷淡地对待某人
shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩
shrug one’s shoulders 耸肩

7. march
1）v. 行进、进军
eg：The troop marched along the street .
部队沿着街道行进
eg：The mayor marched at the head of the parade .
市长走在游行队伍的前头。
2）n. 行进、进军
a day’s march 一日行军； a line of march 行军路线
3） n. 音乐进行曲
a wedding march 婚礼进行曲
a death march 送葬曲、哀乐 ＝ a funeral march葬礼进行曲

4） n. 发展、进展
the march of science 科学的进步 ； the march of time 时间流逝
March 3 月 （游罗马神话中战神mars 之月而来）

8. boldly adv. 大胆地、厚颜无耻
bold
1） adj. 大胆的、不知害怕的、有勇气的
coward adj. 胆怯的、怯懦的
timid adj. 胆怯的、羞怯的
a bold idea 大胆的想法； a very bold action 大胆的行动
bold to do sth 胆敢做某事
It is bold of sb to do sth 某人真大胆，竟然敢做……
eg：You’re bold to climb that mountain alone .
＝ It is bold of you to climb that mountain alone .
你真大胆竟敢独自去爬那座山
2）adj. （女性） 厚颜无耻、冒失的
eg：What a bold woman she is ！多么厚颜无耻的女人！
3）adj. 笔画粗的
the bold outline of a mountain 山脉清楚的轮廓
as bold as brass(厚脸皮) 极其厚颜无耻的

9. blaze
1）v. 燃烧、冒火焰
eg：The fire blazed all day .
火烧了一整天 。
eg：The noon sun blazed in the sky .
中午的太阳在天空中闪耀
2）v. 发怒、激怒
eg：He was blazing with anger.
他怒火中烧。
3） n. 火焰、火苗
eg：The fire burst into a blaze.
火烧得通红。
eg：She was rescued from the blaze.
她被从大火中救出。
blazing adj. 炎热的
a blazing sun 炙热的太阳
blazer 色彩鲜艳的运动上衣 、颜色鲜明的运动夹克 、燃烧体;发光体
10. salute
1） v. 行礼、敬礼、问候或欢迎
salute the flag 向旗帜敬礼
2） n. 敬礼 give a salute 敬礼
eg：The officer returned the sergeant’s salute .
军官向中士还了礼.
salutation [.sælju'teiʃən] n. 招呼, 致敬, 问候 n. (信函开头)称呼语

11. elderly adj. 上了年纪的
an elderly gentleman 上了年纪的绅士
elder 年纪较长的、年长的 ＝ older（美）
one’s elder brother / sister 哥哥姐姐
an elder son 年纪较长的儿子

12. grey
1） adj. 灰白的（gray）
eg：She has gray eyes .
她有灰色的眼睛
2） adj.（头发） 灰白的 go gray ＝ grow gray 头发变白
3） adj. 阴暗的、微暗的
eg：His future is gray .
他的未来是阴暗的
gray weather 阴天 ； gray matter （口） 智力、头脑
gray beard （深谋远虑的） 老人 ； grey-haired 白发苍苍

13. sharp
1）adj. 猛烈的、极剧的、凛冽的
eg：He was attacked by a sharp pain in his stomach .
他感到胃部剧痛。
a sharp wind 刺骨的寒风
2） adj.（刀口等） 锋利的、锐利的 （反义词blunt , dull）
a sharp knife 锋利的刀
3） adj. 呈锐角的、陡的
eg：He made a sharp turn to the right .
他向右急转
4） adj. 尖酸、刻薄的
sharp words n. 忿怒的话(激动的话) ；
a sharp tongue言语尖刻
5） adj. 敏锐的、灵敏的、聪明的、狡猾的
反义词 dull
eg：Dogs have sharp ears .
狗有敏锐的耳朵
a sharp politician 精明的政治家
clever gifted 有天分的； clever talented 有才能的
clever smart 伶俐的； clever sharp 精明的
clever inventive 有发明才能的； clever creative 有创造力的
clever resourceful 善于临机应变的
sharpen. V. 削尖、使变尖锐的
sharpen a pencil with a knife 用刀子削一削铅笔
sharp-eyed adj. 洞察力敏锐的
sharply adv.

14. blow
1） n. 打击、殴打
eg：He gave me a blow on the head .
他打在我头上
＝ He struck me a blow on the head .
eg：I got such a blow that I fell down.
我被重重一击而倒下。
2） n. 精神上的打击、震撼
eg：My father’s death was a great blow to me .
我父亲的死对我是一个很大的打击。
without striking s blow 不费吹灰之力 ； with one blow 一拳、一击
3） v.吹、刮 blow － blew － blown
eg：It is blowing hard today.
今天风大
eg：The wind blew from the north.
刮北风
4） v.（风） 吹动、被风吹动
eg：The wind has blown my hat off.
风把我的帽子刮走了。
eg：The old tree was blown down.
这棵老树被强风吹倒。
eg：The door blew open.
门被吹开了。

eg：The door blew shut.
门吹得关上了
eg：The curtain blew in the wind.
窗帘在风中飘动 。
5） v. 吹气
eg：He blew on the soup to cool it.
他吹着汤为了冷却汤
eg：She blew on her cold hands.
她吹着她冰冷的双手。
blow up爆炸，(被)炸飞；充气；大发脾气，大怒
blow out 吹灭(突然爆裂, 吹胀, 突然冒出, 烧断)
blow out a candle 吹灭蜡烛

【课文讲解】
1. When he had killed the guard, the prisoner of war quickly dragged him into the bushes.
drag ……into 拖进
eg：We dragged the carpet out of the room.
eg：He dragged the table into the corner.
drag
1) 拖，拉，扯，拽
eg：He dragged the heavy box out of his room.
他把这个沉重的盒子拖出他的房间。
2)（某物）在地上拖拉
eg：Your coat is dragging in the mud.
你的大衣拖到泥上了。
3) drag（on）（乏味或恼人的事情）进行过久，拖拖拉拉
eg：The film dragged terribly.
这电影演得拖拖拉拉的。
4) drag sb into doing sth 硬拉某人做某事
eg：She had to be dragged into seeing the dentist.
她被硬拉着去看牙医
5) n.累赘的或另人讨厌的人或事物
eg：Walking is a drag--let's take a car.
走路太费事。我们坐汽车吧。
drag on sb/sth类最的人或事物
eg：He loves her family, but they are a drag on his career.
他热爱他的家庭，但是家庭却是他事业的累赘

2. Working rapidly in the darkness, he soon changed into the dead man's clothes.
① change into 换（衣服）
eg：He changed out of his suit into jeans.
change ……for ……
eg：I’d like to change this dress for another .
for a change 换个口味
② clothes 衣服，服装 （pl.）
put on one’s clothes 穿衣服 ；
take off one’s clothes 脱衣
in one’s best clothes 穿着盛装
eg：Fine clothes make the man .
马靠鞍装人靠衣裳。
③clothing 衣着、服装 (集合名词，指做单数，示区别于其他事物的抽象概念。)
food , clothing and shelter 衣食住行
shelter [ˈʃeltə] n.掩蔽处；住所；保护 vt.庇护 vi.躲避
eg：You should give all this old clothing away.
你应该把这老款衣服丢掉。
④cloth （u） 布（料） ； （c）某种用途的布
eg：I wanted to have a suit made so I bought three and a half yards of cloth.
我想做一套西服因此买了三码半的布料。

3. Now, dressed in a blue uniform and with a rifle over his shoulder, the prisoner marched boldly up and down in front of the camp.
dressed 是过去分词，dressed in a blue uniform是过去分词短语作伴随状语，表示穿着蓝军装。
with a rifle over his shoulder, with表示伴随情况，介词短语作伴随状语
march 一般用于指部队“行军”、“行进”，但在这里它表示“（威风凛凛/从容不迫地）走”或“迅速地走”：
eg: Jane marched out of the room without saying a word.
简一言未发，快步走出了房问。
up and down
1）上上下下
eg：The boys went up and down the stone steps.
男孩子们在石阶上上下下走着。
2） 来来去去
eg：He restlessly walked up and down the hall.
他不安地在大厅走来走去。
eg：She wandered up and down the street.
她在马路上来回的溜跶。

4. He could hear shouting in the camp itself. Lights were blazing and men were running here and there.
lights were blazing 灯火通明
here and there 到处、四处
eg：He walked here and there not knowing what to do .
他到处乱转不知该如何是好。
here and now 立刻
eg：I must be paid here and now. 我要求现在就付钱给我。

5. They had just discovered that a prisoner had escaped. At that moment, a large black car with four officers inside it, stopped at the camp gates.
stop at 在……停下来
stop in ＝ stop by 逗留于、留在 ； pay sb a short visit
drop in on ＝ drop by 顺便来访, 非正式访问

6. The officers got out and the prisoner stood to attention and saluted as they passed.
stand to attention 立正 ＝ come to attention vi. 采取立正姿势
eg：Attention ！立正
eg：Attention , please ！ 请注意！（有事奉告） ；
eg：Stand at ease ！ 稍息
stand at attention / ease 立正/稍息
salute 敬礼
eg：The soldier saluted smartly.
那个士兵行礼很有精神
take the salute 还礼、接受敬礼
区别： greet 欢迎、迎接、打招呼
eg：He went to the station to greet his friend. 他去到车站迎接他的朋友。

7. When they had gone, the driver of the car came towards him. The man obviously wanted to talk. He was rather elderly with grey hair and clear blue eyes.
clear
1）adj. 清澈的、透明的
eg：The water in the stream was very clear .
溪流里的水很清澈
stream [stri:m] n.小河，溪流；流， v.涌流(出)
a girl with clear eyes.有着清澈眼神的女孩子
2）adj. 明了的、易了解的
a clear voice 清晰可辨的声音
eg：His instructions were very clear .
他讲述的条理（教学(导)）非常清楚。
3） adj. 无障碍的
a clear space 空地 ； a clear view 开放的视野
eg：We can cross now. The road is clear.
路上没车了，我们可以过马路了。
4） adj. 明朗的、无云的
on a clear day 晴朗的一天
5） adj. 问心无愧的，无罪的
a clear conscience 清白的良心
6） v. 收拾、清除
eg：Clear the rubbish, please.
请收拾垃圾。
clear a desk 清除书桌；
clear up 天空放晴
eg：The sky cleared up just after the rain.
雨后天空开始放晴
clear out 收拾（房间）；整理 ；
eg: Clear out old clothes 清除旧衣服
clearance n. 收拾、整理 ；
clearance sale 清理大甩卖
clear-headed adj. 头脑清晰的

8. The prisoner felt sorry for him, but there was nothing else he could do.
he could do是定语从句，修饰nothing else, 没有什么能做的事情，表示他无能为力，没有别的办法。

9. As the man came near, the prisoner knocked him to the ground with a sharp blow.
Then, jumping into the car, he drove off as quickly as he could.
jump 跳、蹦、跃
1） v. 向……跳、跃
eg：He jumped up.
jump down from the roof . 从屋顶上跳下来
jump into a bus 跳上一辆公共汽车
jump aside vi. 跳开(闪开) ； jump for joy 欢欣鼓舞, 高兴得跳起来
jump to one’s feet 跳起来
jump at 欣然答应
eg：He jumped at my offer .
他欣然接受我的提议
jump to conclusions 草率下结论
2）n. 跳、跳跃
the high jump 跳高 ； the long jump ＝ the broad jump跳远
the pole jump 撑竿跳
3）n. 心跳 give a person a jump 使……..吓一跳
be one jump ahead ＝ stay one jump ahead 抢先一步
drive off ＝ drive away 开走
drive sb to do sth 迫使某人去做…
eg：Poverty drove him to steal.
贫穷逼得他去偷窃。
drive sb mad 逼得某人发疯
eg：The death of her son drove her mad .
她儿子的死亡把她逼疯了。
eg：Failure drove him to suicide.
失败逼得他自杀。
drive at 想说，打算
eg：What are you driving at ？
你到底想说什么？

6. come towards sb
7. feel sorry for sb
8. knock sb to the ground
9. drive off
10. as quickly as he could

【关键词组摘录】
1. drag sb into sp
2. change into
3. up and down
4. at that moment
5. stand to attention

【Key structures：介词at / in / to / with 】
drag into 拖入 ； change into变成, 改穿 ； jump into 跳进……里
be dressed in 穿着
at that moment 就在那时 ； stop at the camp gates 停在军营门口
a man with grey hair 头发灰白的男子
a car with four officers 一辆里面坐了4个军官
a man with a rifle over his shoulder 一个人扛步枪在他的肩上
knock sb to the ground with a sharp blow 将某人击倒在地

【Special Difficulties】
区别cloth / clothing / clothes , salute / greet , clear / clean 的用法
Exercise ：选择正确的词或词组填空：
1. The guard saluted the general.
2. When the canal was clear, the ship went through.
3. I bought a piece of cloth to make a dress.
4. I haven’t bought any new clothes for years
5. The soldier greeted his mother with a kiss.

Exercises
1. When he had killed the guard, he dragged him into the bushes. On having killed the guard he
dragged him into the bushes.
A On having killed 当…被杀后，以介词on引导的动名词短语可表示时间，等于when引导的时间状语
B When killing
C When having killed 不符合语法，因when是连词，而不是介词，它后面一
定要跟从句，而不是跟名词 性短语。
D On having been killed 可替代以when引导时间从句，但表示被动，与he不相符
2. He was rather elderly. He was quite old. rather elderly 相当年长的，上了年纪的
A very old 非常老
B quite old 相当老
C too old 太老
D old enough 足够老
3. Lights were blazing. They were shining. blaze "发光，闪耀“ 动词
A. gleaming 隐约闪光的，发光的
B. shining 发光的，发亮的
C. reflecting 放射光的，反射的
D. being burnt 被燃烧的，被烧焦的
4. He was smoking ; I could see the tip of his cigarette glowing in the darkness.
A. flashing 闪光，闪现，反射
B. glowing 发光，发热
C. shining 照耀，发光
D. sparking 闪烁，发火花，发动

谚语
There’s a time and place for everything .
每种行动都应有适当的时间和适当的地点。