深圳牛津八年级下unit1知识点归纳和练习.doc

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八年级下册
Unit1 Helping those in need
一、 词汇
单词
词性及词义
词汇拓展
raise
v. 筹募，增加，提高，饲养
近义词：put up举起；提高
keep饲养
permission
n. 准许，批准
近义词：agreement
permit v. 允许
disabled
adj. 失去能力的，残疾的
ability n.能力
able adj. 能
be able to do sth. 能做某事
teenager
n. 青少年
teenage adj. 青少年的
offer
v. 主动提出
be willing to do something
offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事
offer sth to sb = offer sb sth
向某人提供某物
suffer
v. （因疾病等）受苦，受折磨

serious
adj. 严重的
seriously adv. 认真地，严重地
illness
n. (某种)病
ill adj. 不好的，有病的，恶意的
be ill= be sick 生病的
lonely
adj.孤独的，寂寞的

friendship
n. 友情，友谊
friendly adj. 友好的
be friendly to sb. 对某人友好
friendliness n. 友善
friend n. 朋友
make friends with 和…交朋友
difficulty
n. 困难，费劲
be not able to do something easily
difficult adj. 困难的
have difficulty in doing sth.
在做某事上有困难
joy
n. 愉快，喜悦
a feeling of great happiness
to one’s joy 令人愉快的是
joyful adj. 快乐的
peace
n. 平静，宁静
peaceful adj. 和平的，宁静的
hurt
n. & v. 受伤，受伤的
近义词：injured
courage
n. 勇气，勇敢
encourage v.鼓励
discourage v. 阻止；使气馁
spirits
n. 情绪，心境
spiritual adj. 精神的，心灵的
pay
v. 付费
pay… for = spend…on 在…花费…..
pay attention to doing sth. 注意做某事
organize
v. 组织
同根词：organization
n. 组织；机构；团体
express
v. 表达；表露
同根词：expression
n. 表现，表示，表达；表情
二、 词组
1. in need
需要帮助的

2. voluntary work
义务工作

3. ask permission
报请批准

4. suffer from
因…受苦

5. raise one’s spirits
使振奋
cheer up
6. in order to
目的在于
so as to

三、 句型
1. We spent time with a girl called Vivien 我们和一个叫维维恩的女孩在一起。
此句中，spend time with sb意为“和某人一起度过”。
例如：Some young people don't want to spend time with the old.一些年轻人不想和老人在一起。
I met a girl called Cindy.
called 被叫做 =named 名为
The girl called Lucy is one of the best students in our school. 那个被叫做Lucy的女孩是我们学校最好的学生之一

2. I went there and took some photos of it.
take photos/pictures of 表示“给……拍照”
take pictures/photos 意为“拍照”
They took many photos of the winner. 他们拍了许多获胜者的照片。
Although I love holidays, I hate to take photos. 尽管我喜欢度假，但我却讨厌照相。

3.This helps them express their feelings.
help sb (to )do sth.意为“帮助某人做某事”，help 后做宾补的不定代词可以带to ,也可以不带to ,本结构与help sb. with sth .意思相同。
拓展：help oneself to sth. 随便吃某物 Help yourself to the fish.
express 及物动词，意为“表露，表达”Bill is not afraid to express his opinions.
拓展：expression 名词，意为“表达，表示;表情”
Her expression suggested anger. 她露出愤怒的表情。

4. They have difficulty walking or moving. 他们走路或移动有困难。
此句中，have difficulty (in) doing sth意为“做某事有困难”。 = have trouble (in) doing sth
I have difficulty finishing my homework. 我完成家庭作业有困难。
若后接名词：则常用have difficulty with sth 的结构

5. He hurt his legs in an accident, but he has lots of courage．他的腿在事故中受伤了，但是他很勇敢。
本句中,but为并列连词，意为“但是；然而”，连接两个句子，表示转折。
I want to buy the beautiful bike, but I have no money.我想买那辆漂亮的自行车，但是我没有钱。
hurt vt. = injure 使疼痛；受伤
搭配：hurt oneself 受伤
Have you hurt yourself? 你伤着自己了吗？

6.We need to help children like Tim and raise their spirits．我们需要帮助像蒂姆那样的孩子，并使他们 鼓起勇气。
本句中，like用作介词，意为“例如；像”。
Things like paper and glass can be recycled.像纸和玻璃这样的东西可以重复利用。
四、语法
动词不定式
动词不定式是一种非谓语动词，可以在句子中作主语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语等。动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”，但to有时可以省略。动词不定式在句子中不做谓语，所以没有人称、数和时态的变化。
一．动词不定式作宾语：基本结构：动词+动词不定式
动词不定式可以在agree, choose, decide, learn, plan, hope, promise, want, seem, would, like等后面做宾语。
如：I want to play basketball. 我想玩篮球。
I agree to meet Susan outside the cinema. 我同意在电影院外跟苏珊见面。
▲ 有些动词后面可以跟“疑问词+动词不定式”这种结构，这些动词包advise，ask，decide，
discuss，forget，know，learn，remember，show，teach，tell等
如：We teach him how to walk. 我们教他走路。
I forgot what to do. 我忘记要做什么了。

二．动词不定式作宾语补足语：基本结构：动词+宾语（名词/代词）+动词不定式
动词不定式作宾语补足语时，有带to和省略to 的两种情况。
常跟带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有advise，ask，tell，order，invite，allow，wish，get，want，encourage等。
如: My teacher often encourages us to study hard. 我的老师经常鼓励我们要努力学习。
Tom asked me not to sleep in class. Tom叫我不要在课堂上睡觉。
常跟省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：
使役动词let, make, have等，感官动词see, feel, notice等。
如：You can let the girl go first. 你可以让那个女孩子先走。
I saw him open the door. 我看见他开门。

三．动词不定式表目的：
动词不定式还可以用来表示某一动作或状态的目的。动词不定式也可以位于句首。
如：She went to the department store to buy a new book. 她去百货商店是为了买本新书。
To learn English well, you should speak English as much as possible. 想学好英语，应该尽可能多的说英语。

Unit 1 Helping those in need 单元测试

姓名 分数

I. 词汇运用 (每小题1分，共15分)
i. 根据句意，选择与划线部分意思最接近的选项。(每小题1分，共8分)
( ) 1. When I told him the news, he expressed his surprise.
A. knew
B. showed
C. impressed
( ) 2. Keeping pets can give us much joy.
A. sadness
B. sickness
C. happiness
( ) 3. You can't go out at night unless you get your mother’s permission.
A. agreement
B. knowledge
C. message
( ) 4. Don't make any noises here. I need peace.
A. luck
B. fear
C. anger
( ) 5. He came home early in order to see his son before he went to bed.
A. so that
B. in order that
C. so as to
( ) 6. Amy explained that she had to leave at once.
A. secretly
B. immediately
C. happily
( ) 7. I don’t know why he didn’t accept the doctor’s suggestions.
A. replied
B. rejected
C. raised
( ) 8. After he washed the dishes, she continued to sweep the floor.
A. went on
B. went up
C.compared
ii. 选择恰当的词汇或短语完成句子。(每小题1分，共7分)
( ) 9. A_________ is someone who is between thirteen and nineteen years old.
A. boss
B. daughter
C. teenager
( ) 10. To_______ from something is to be badly affected by it.
A. stop
B. pay
C. suffer
( ) 11. Everyone needs a_________. That is, they need friends.
A. friendship
B. relationship
C. news
( ) 12. A_________ is a spoken or written piece ofinformation.
A. message
B. gesture
C. language
( ) 13. – Why do you often _______ him of his success?
-- So that he doesn’t lose his confidence.
A. remind
B. hear
C. advise
( ) 14. – I am greatly interested in this painting. Something in it _______ the painter’s deep love for nature.
A. express
B. discusses
C. imagines
( ) 15. ---Who will_________ the activity?
--- Some volunteers
A. express
B. accept
C. organize

II. 单项选择 (每小题1分，共15分)
( ) 16. You may take a horse to the river, but you can't make it________.
A. to drink
B. drank
C. drink
( ) 17. You can use a tool ________ a fire.
A. make
B. making
C. to make
( ) 18. -- I always feel _______ when I am at home________.
--- I think you should go out to communicate with more people.
A. lonely; lonely
B. lonely; alone
C. alone: lonely
( ) 19. --- Do you have difficulty ________ the work in two days?
--- Of course not. It's easy ________ me to do it.
A. finishing; for
B. finishing; of
C. to finish; for
( ) 20. They ______ 20,000 yuan for the Hope Project last year.
A. rose
B. raise
C. raised
( ) 21. There isn’t any difference between the two. I really don’t know _________.
A. where to choose
B. which to choose
C. to choose which
( ) 22. Rather than _______ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _______ a bicycle.
A. ride；ride
B. riding；ride
C. ride；to ride
( ) 23. --How far is your cousin's home from here?
-- It's about two __________ ride.
A. hour's
B. hours
C. hours'
( ) 24. --Do you know the man who is standing at the door?
-- Yes, I do. He's a friend of __________ .
A. I
B. mine
C. me
( ) 25. ---Is your friend Michael still in Australia?
---I don' t know. I have_______ information about him because we haven't seen each
other for________ years.
A. a little; a few
B. little; a few
C. a few; a little
( ) 26. --How does Jack usually go to work?
-- He________ drive a car, but now he________ there to lose weight.
A. used to; is used to walk
B. was used to; is used to walking
C. used to; is used to walking
( ) 27. ---Let's play football on the playground.
--- It's so hot outside. I would rather________ at home than _______out.
A. stay ; go
B. to stay; go
C. stay; to go
( ) 28. --Are you ________ of the dark ?
---Yes ,so I always go to sleep with my bedroom lights________.
A. worry ; on
B. afraid ; on
C. worried ; off
( ) 29. I turned to bookshops and libraries looking for information and found _______.
A. none
B. both
C. neither
( ) 30. –Jim’s a taxi driver, ____ he really wants to be a doctor.
A. and
B. so
C. but

III. 完型填空 (每小题1.5分，共15分)
Once, a king showed two men a large basket(篮子) in the garden. He told them to fill it with water from a well(井). After they 31._______ their work, he left them, saying, “When the sun is down, I will come and see your work.”
At last, one of them said, “What’s the use of doing this foolish(愚蠢的) work? We can 32.________ fill the basket.” The other man answered, “That is 33.________ of your business.” The first man said. “You may do as you like, but I’m not going to work at something so 34.______” He 35._______ his bucket and went away. The other man said no word, and kept on carrying 36.________ . Finally, the well was almost 37.______ .
As he poured(倒) the last bucket(桶) of water into the basket, he saw a bright thing in it. He picked it 38._______ . It was a beautiful gold ring. Just then the king came. 39.________ he saw the ring, he knew that he had found the kind of man he wanted. He told him to keep the ring for himself. “You 40._________ so well in this little thing,” he said, “that now I know I can believe you with many things.”
31. A．finished B．did C．began
32. A．ever B．never C．easily
33. A．none B．no C．not
34. A．clever B．foolish C．easy
35. A．picked up B．put away C． threw away
36. A．water B．basket C．well
37. A．full B．empty C．filled
38. A．up B．down C．of
39. A．While B．As soon as C．Before
40. A．did B．will do C．was do

IV. 阅读理解 (每小题1.5分，共30分)
A
Teaching is one of the most rewarding（有回报的） jobs. It is also one of the most stressful. If you want to be a teacher, you should have a passion（激情） for young people. If you are thinking about going into teaching for any other reason than this, you need to find another job.
Teaching is difficult. Students can be difficult. Parents can be difficult. If you do not have a passion for the young people that you teach, you will burn out quickly. Passion is what keeps an excellent teacher going. When students have trouble understanding what is taught, it is what drives him to spend long hours trying to think out how to help them. If you do not have enough passion for your students, you might last a year or two, but not long. Passion is a must-have quality（品质） for every good teacher.
Teaching can be rewarding, but you shouldn’t expect that reward to come easily. Teachers who search out better and new methods are the ones who will make it. A good teacher needs to be able to work with everyone. All teachers face stress. It is important to be able to deal with everything that is thrown at you when you walk through your classroom doors. There are so many chances for stress within a classroom that an excellent teacher has to be able to bring it in control. If you cannot manage stress quite well, then teaching may not be the right job for you.
41. According to the passage, if you want to be a teacher, ____________.
A. you’d better ask the writer for advice B. passion is the most important
C. you will be best rewarded D. you have to be young enough
42. A successful teacher is someone who ____________.
A. burns out quickly and easily B. faces the most stress and difficult parents
C. searches out better and new methods D. has the right reason for his job
43. The key words for the passage are ____________.
A. passion and stress B. difficult and rewarding
C. deal with and be able to D. teachers and students
44. Most stress is thrown at the teacher ____________.
A. in the classroom B. from the parents
C. in a year or two D. after class
45. An excellent teacher knows ____________.
A. how the reward as a teacher will come
B. how to manage everything that happens in his work
C. how long his passion for young people will last
D. how many new methods he will have to use
B
Today, an increasing number of people are always looking at their mobile phones with their heads down. These people are called the “Heads-down Tribe(低头族)”. Are you a heads-down tribe member Heads-down tribe members now can be seen everywhere.
More and more traffic accident are happening because drivers use mobile phones when they are driving. In order to make drivers pay more attention to driving, some new traffic rules have been made. For example, heads-down tribe members who use mobile phones while driving will be fined ￥200.
As we can see above, using mobile phones may cause accidents and even cost money. Besides, more and more interesting things happen to the “Heads-down Tribe”. According to a piece of interesting TV news, a man in America kept using his mobile phone on his way home. Suddenly, he bumped(撞上) into a big lost bear. When he lifted his eyes from the phone, he was so scared that he ran away as quickly as possible.
Another fact is that we can often see people in the restaurant eating face to face but looking at their own mobile phones. It’s strange that they don’t talk to the ones who sit opposite to them during the meal. Some of them even have fun communicating with others on the phone all the time.
Mobile phones are helpful and necessary tools for modern life. Are mobile phones good or bad It depends on how people use them. Let’s be “healthy” users and try not to be the “ Heads-up Tribe”.
46. Who are called the “ Heads-down Tribe” according to the passage?
A. People who are always looking for something with their heads down.
B. People who are always looking at their mobile phones with their heads down.
C. People who are always sad with their heads down.
D. People who are always thinking with their heads down.
47. What will happen to heads-down tribe members if they use mobile phones while driving
A. They will be fined. B. Their phones will be taken away.
C. They will be given ￥200. D. Their driving license will be taken away.
48. Where did the American probably bump into the bear?
A. At a zoo. B. In the street. C. In his house. D. In the mountains.
49.When heads-down tribe members eat in a restaurant,_____________.
A. they don’t use their mobile phones B. they don’t talk to the people who sit opposite
C. they talk to the strangers all the time D. they eat food all the time
50. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Mobile phones are helpful and necessary. B. Let’s try to be the “Heads-down Tribe”.
C. We should use mobile phones right. D. We shouldn’t use mobile phones any more.
C
Do you know how to play a game called “Musical Chairs”？ It is easy to play and most people enjoy it. All you need are some chairs， some people and some way of making music. You may use a piano or any other musical instrument， if someone can play it. You may use a tape recorder. You can even use a radio.
Put the chairs in a row