英语辩论转基因.doc

第一、 转基因食品对生命健康造成严重危害。
　根据最新的科学研究成果：转基因技术存在巨大的不可控性，会产生不可预见的基因突变和危害，造成未知疾病；而且会产生抗生素耐药性及新的毒素，增加人体的过敏反应，并减少食品的营养价值或重要成份。特别是对儿童的生长发育造成严重损害。
第二、 转基因作物对生态造成巨大威胁
1、 连续几年种植过转基因作物后，因转基因植物及其除草剂的毒性，土壤将不能再种原有作物。
2、转基因作物的花粉飘移污染，将使天然种子不复存在。
3、转基因作物特性和毒性，会给相邻植物带来灭顶之灾，破坏生物多样性。
4、转基因植物的花粉会杀死蜜蜂和蝴蝶，美国曾报导过出现了大量蜜蜂消失的情况。
5、次生害虫大爆发，并产生无法对付的超级虫，农药用量反而增加。

改变环境
转基因食品在种植、生长过程中，与非转基因作物还是有很多区别的，对土壤和周边的生态环境会造成一定的影响，且这种影响也不一定是正面的。
害虫升级
转基因食品本身就还有灭杀害虫的基因，但是害虫可以依靠淘汰、进化，对这种特征产生更高的抵御性，造成农药也无法灭杀的可能。
减少非转基因作物
转基因作物便宜、好种、产量大，因此，许多农户都乐于种植换基因作物，像传统的非转基因大豆产地东北，本地大豆逐年减少种植，取而代之的是转基因大豆，这种情况很有可能造成非转基因作物种子的停产和灭绝。

First, genetically modified food(GMF) to cause serious damage to life health.
According to the latest scientific research results: there is a huge uncontrollability, transgenic technology can produce gene mutation and harm of unpredictable, unknown disease;And will produce antibiotic resistance, and the new toxins, increase the body's allergic reaction, and to reduce the nutritional value of food or important ingredients.Especially for children's growth caused serious damage.
Second, poses a great threat to the ecological genetically modified (gm) crops
1, for several years after planting genetically modified (gm) crops, because of transgenic plants and its toxicity of herbicide, the soil will no longer original crops.2, the pollen drift pollution of genetically modified (gm) crops, makes the natural seed cease to exist.3, the properties and toxicity of genetically modified (gm) crops, can bring destruction to the adjacent plants, destruction of biodiversity.4, the pollen of the genetically modified plants will kill bees and butterflies, the United States has reported appear a lot of bees disappear.5, secondary pests outbreak, and unable to deal with super bug, instead of increase in the amount of pesticides.

A change of scene
Genetically modified food in the process of cultivation, growth, and there are a lot of difference between genetically modified (gm) crops, soil and the surrounding ecological environment will cause certain effect, and this effect also is not necessarily positive.
Pests to upgrade
Itself and kill pests genes of genetically modified food, but can rely on eliminating pests, evolution, characteristics of the higher against sex, may cause pesticides can kill.
Reduction of genetically modified crops
Cheap and good kind of genetically modified (gm) crops, large output, as a result, many farmers are happy to genes in crops, like traditional non-gmo soybean producing area of northeast, local soy reduce growing year by year, instead of transgenic soybeans, this kind of situation is likely to cause the seed production and extinction of genetically modified (gm) crops.

影响生育
对小白鼠做过的关于转基因食品喂食的实验表明，转基因食品会对小白鼠的繁殖和生育能力产生严重的影响，一般3-4代以后，将出现繁育困难的可能。因此，对人类而言，转基因食品也可能存在同一问题。

影响生态环境,如超级杂草问题,生物多样性的影响和破坏生态平衡。更为严重,转基因作物可能扩大“基因污染”,这可能会破坏生物多样性,导致个别物种的灭绝,影响生物多样性和转基因食品的隐患还没有直接出现有害人类病例。

转基因食物在美国不被允许作为食物。转基因食品可能对人体造成危害：1.增加积聚了食物中原有的微量毒素；2.作物中的免役或致敏物质可使人类机体产生变态或过敏反应；3.会降低食品的营养价值；4.服用了改良食物，使人体产生抗药性。

要清楚转基因食品的确存在这以下五大隐患：

　　一是毒性问题。一些研究学者认为，对于基因的人工提炼和添加，可能在达到某些人们想达到的效果的同时，也增加和积聚了食物中原有的微量毒素。
　　二是过敏反应问题。对于一种食物过敏的人有时还会对一种以前他们不过敏的食物产生过敏。
三是是营养问题。科学家们认为外来基因会以一种人们目前还不甚了解的方式破坏食
物中的营养成分。
四是对抗生素的抵抗作用。当科学家把一个外来基因加入到植物或细菌中去，这个基因会与别的基因连接在一起。人们在服用了这种改良食物后，食物会在人体内将抗药性基因传给致病的细菌，使人体产生抗药性。
五是对环境的威胁。在许多基因改良品种中包含有从杆菌中提取出来的细菌基因，这种基因会产生一种对昆虫和害虫有毒的蛋白质，生态学家们认为那些不在改良范围之内的其它物
Influence fertility
The experimental results on the food fed by the mice showed that the transgenic food could have a serious impact on the reproduction and fertility of mice. After the general 3-4 generation, it would be possible for the human beings to have the same problem.

the possible impact of may affect the ecological environment, such as super weeds, the influence of the biological diversity and destroy the ecological balance.More serious, genetically modified (gm) crops could expand the "genetic pollution", which may destroy biodiversity, lead to the annihilation of the individual species, affecting the biodiversity.

GM foods in the United States are not allowed for food, genetically modified food may cause a harm to human body: 1. Increase the accumulation of food in the original trace amounts of toxins; 2. The crops in the immune or cause sensitive materials, the human body to produce abnormal or allergic reaction; 3. Will reduce the nutritional value of food; 4. To take the improvement of food, make the body resistance.

To be aware of the existence of genetically modified food is the following five major risks:

One is the problem of toxicity. Some researchers believe that the artificial extraction and addition of genes may reach the effect that some people want to achieve, but also increase and accumulate the original trace toxins in food.

Two is an allergic reaction problem. For a food allergic person sometimes also to a kind of before they are not allergic to food allergies.

Three is a nutritional problem. Scientists believe that the foreign gene will destroy the nutrients in the food in a way that people don't understand at the present.

Four is the resistance to antibiotics. When scientists add a foreign gene to plants or bacteria, the gene is linked to other genes, and the food will be passed on to the human body to produce resistance.

种有可能成为改良物种的受害者，生物学家们则担心为了培养一些更具优良特性，其特性很可能会通过花粉等媒介传播给野生物种。

奥地利政府于2008年11月11日发布最新科学研究，首次证实转基因玉米会导致小白鼠繁殖能力下降。

土耳其专家称实验鼠吃转基因产品患肿瘤

澳大利亚和美国研究发现
转基因饲料喂养的猪胃炎发病率高，雌猪子宫重量增加25%

美国卫生部2009年底也发表科学论文，指明转基因食品可对内臟造成伤害。

世界顶尖的转基因科学家、苏格兰阿帕德·普兹泰博士的研究也印证了这一观点，据他发现，转基因玉米的毒性是非转基因玉米毒性的3000倍。
无论砖家怎么鼓吹转基因无害，我们只要记住：
一、美国人基本不吃，目前动物饲料也严控
二、欧盟绝对禁止（包括动物饲料）
三、中特食品严禁转基因
四、世会严禁转基因食品
五、亚运会严禁转基因食品
六、非洲人饿死也不进口转基因
七、大运会严禁转基因食品
八、俄证实转基因食品使动物三代绝种
九、农业部幼儿园也禁止转基因

Five is a threat to the environment. Extracted from Bacillus bacterial genes are contained in many genetically modified varieties, the gene will produce a poisonous insect and pest proteins, ecologists think that do not fall within the scope of improvement of other species may become a victim of improved species, biologists fear in order to cultivate some more excellent properties, its characteristics is likely will spread through the medium of pollen to wild species.
Austria's Government in November 11, 2008 released the latest scientific research, for the first time to prove that genetically modified corn will lead to a decrease in the ability of mice.

Turkey experts said the experimental rat to eat genetically modified products cancer
Australia and the United States of America

The incidence of chronic gastritis in transgenic feed is high, and the weight of the female pig is increased by 25%
By the end of 2009, the United States Department of health also published a scientific paper, indicating that genetically modified foods can cause damage to the internal organs.

The world's top scientists genetically modified (gm), Scotland, the path DE pryzbilla Dr The research also demonstrated the idea, according to he found that the transgenic corn is genetically modified corn toxicity of 3000 times.
No matter how the brick house is advocating the genetically modified, as long as we remember:

One, Americans do not eat, at present, animal feed is also strictly controlled

Two, the EU is absolutely prohibited (including animal feed)

Three, the special food is strictly prohibited

Four, the world will strictly prohibit genetically modified food

Five, the Asian Games is strictly prohibited genetically modified food

Six, Africans are not to import the import of genetically modified

1.在德国，有农民用转基因玉米喂养母牛，牛开始剧烈腹泻并停止产奶，最后导致70头牛死亡。

2.在印度，有20万农民使用转基因种子，因为负债破产而自杀身亡。

3．在巴西，多年前就开始了转基因农作物的种植，造成大量巴西妇女不育，不育率达44%。这就意味着接近一半的家庭绝后。

4.在中国广西，推广转基因玉米（“杀精玉米”）近十年发现超过一半以上（56.7﹪）男大学生精液质量不合格，无生育能力。这同样意味着他们将会绝后。

袁隆平也承认，对于转基因作物之所以存在
安全性顾虑，主要是有些转基因作物特别是抗虫的转基因品种，含有一种物质叫做BT毒蛋白。由于虫子吃了BT毒蛋白可以被毒死，因此长期摄入该物质对人是否有害很难说。

2001年的“墨西哥玉米基因污染事件”、2002年的“转基因玉米混进美国大豆事件”，2006年还曾出现“转基因大马哈鱼逃逸事件”。

2007年，法国科学家证实，世界最大的种子公司美国孟山都公司出产的一种转基因玉米对人体肝脏和肾脏具有毒性。2008年，美国科学家也证实了长时间喂食转基因玉米的小白鼠免疫系统会受到损害，该研究成果发表在同年《农业与食品化学》杂志上。 2009年12月22日 ，法国生物技术委员会最终宣布，转基因玉米“弊大于利”。

Seven, the Universiade is genetically modified food

Eight, Russia has confirmed that genetically modified food to the three generation of animals

Nine, the Ministry of agriculture is also banned in the nursery
1 in Germany, there are farmers with genetically modified corn fed cows, cattle began to severe diarrhea and stopped production of milk, and finally led to the death of 70 cows.
2 in India, 200000 farmers use genetically modified seeds, because the debt is bankrupt and committed suicide.
3.in Brazil, years ago began planting of genetically modified crops, resulting in a large number of Brazilian women infertility, infertility rate was 44%. Which means close to half of the families of the unprecedented.
4. In Guangxi, China, the promotion of genetically modified maize ("kill fine corn") nearly a decade found that more than half (56.7%), the semen quality of male college students not qualified, no fertility. It also means they will be unprecedented.

 Yuan admits that the reason for the existence of genetically modified crops, safety concerns, mainly that some GM crops, especially insect resistant transgenic varieties, contain a substance called Bt toxin. Because worms eat the Bt toxic protein can be poisoned, so long-term intake of the substance of whether harmful it is hard to say.

2001 "Mexican maize genetic pollution incident", 2002 "sneak in a genetically modified corn U. S. soybean event", in 2006 has also appeared "GM salmon escape incident".

In 2007, French scientists confirmed that the world's largest seed company Monsanto Company produces a kind of genetically engineered corn to the human liver and kidney is toxic. In 2008, American scientists also confirmed the long time GM maize fed mice immune system will be damaged. The results of the study published in the same year < of

3.提高死亡率
俄罗斯在一项研究中发现，转基因食品给我们带来的危害是难以想象的。在一项动物实验中发现，食用转基因大豆食物的老鼠，其幼鼠一半以上在出生后头三个星期死亡，其死亡率是那些没有食用转基因大豆老鼠的6倍。

  印度政府二月九日表示将暂时禁止转基因农作物的种植

7. summarizing a discussion 讨论总结
　b. I’m afraid i disagree. 恐怕我是持反对意见的。

　　c. I don’t think so. 我不那样认为。

　　d. I don’t think… 我认为……不是那样的。

　　e. on the other hand… 另一方面……

　　f. on the contrary. 相反的。

　　g. that’s not （entirely） true. 那不（完全）正确。

　　h. I can’t possibly agree with you. 我不可能同意你。

　　i. I hate to disagree with you， but… 我不喜欢反对你，但……
英语辩论常用短语荟萃　1.stating an opinion 陈述观点　　a.in my opinion… 我的意见是……　　b.personally I think…… 我个人认为……　　c.I believe that…… 我相信……　　

agricultural and Food Chemistry > magazine. December 22, 2009, announced the final French biotechnology Council, transgenic corn "more harm than benefit".d.
3 increase mortality
Russia in a study found that GM food to bring us harm is unimaginable. Found in animal experiments, mice fed GM soy food, the rats more than half was born during the first three weeks of death, the mortality rate is those who did not eat soybean transgenic mice of 6 times.

India government said in February 9th will be a temporary ban on GM crops

I think that…… 我觉得……　　
e.the point is that…… 我的观点是……　　f.if you ask me…… 如果你问我……　　
g.I’d like to say this：…… 我会这样说……　　h.I’d like to point out that 我想指出的是……　　i.speaking for myself 站在自己的立场上说……　　
j.as far as I’m concerned,… 就我
而言,……　　
k.in my experience… 根据我的经验……　　2.challenging an opinion 质疑某种观点　　a.that can’t be true 那不可能是真的.　　
b.but what about…?但关于……方面呢?　　3.clarifying a point 阐述观点　　
a. what I said was… 我刚才说的是……　　b.what I mean to say was… 我的意思是说……　　
c.let me repeat what I said.让我重复我刚才所说的.　　
d.let me rephrase what I said.让我重申刚才所说的.　　
4.agreeing with an opinion 同意观点　　
a.of course 当然.　　
b.right.是的.　　
c.exactly.对.　　
d.that’s true.是那样.　　
e.so do I.（neither do I.） 我也这样认为.（不这样认为.）　　
f.I agree completely.我完全赞同.　　
g.I agree with you entirely.我完全同意你所说的.　　
h.you’re absolutely right.显然你是对的.　　i.that’s a good point.这个看法不错.　　
j.I couldn’t agree with you more.我绝对赞成你.　　k.that’s just what I think.我就是那样认为的.　　l.I feel the same way.我也持同样的想法.　　5.disagreeing with an opinion 反对意见.　　a.however,… 然而……　　
b.I’m afraid i disagree.恐怕我是持反对意见的.　　c.I don’t think so.我不那样认为.　　
d.I don’t think… 我认为……不是那样的.　　e.on the other hand… 另一方面……　　
f.on the contrary.相反的.　　
g.that’s not （entirely） true.那不（完全）正确.　　
h.I can’t possibly agree with you.我不可能同意你.　　
i.I hate to disagree with you,but… 我不喜欢反对你,但……　　
j.all right,but don’t you think…?好吧,但难道你不觉得……　　
k.but that’s different.但那是不一样的.　　6.asking for an opinion 询问意见　　
a. well…what do you think （about…）?…你觉得怎么样?　　
b. b.do you agree?（don’t you agree?） 你同意吗?（你是不是同意?）　　
c. c.what’s your view on the matter?就这件事你的看法呢?　　
d. d.how do you see it?你怎么看它?　　
e. e.let’s have your opinion.让我们听听你的意见!　　
f. f.do you think that…?你认为……吗?　　7.summarizing a discussion 讨论总结　　a.then we agree.然后我们取得一致.　　b.basically we’re in agreement.我们基本上有共识.　　
g. c.I think we have agreed to disagree.我想我们有相同点和不同点.
h. d.I see we have different opinions.我知道我们意见有分歧

1 How to agree strongly with an opinion
I couldn't agree more!
That's absolutely true!
Absolutely!
I take your point.
I'd go along with you there.
I'm with you on that.
That's just what I was thinking.
That's a good point.
That's just how I see it.
That's exactly my opinion.

2 How to half agree with an opinion
Yes,perhaps.
Well,yes.
Yes,in a way.
Mmm,possibly.
Yes,I agree up to a point.
Well,you've got a point there.
There's something in that,I suppose.
I guess you could be right.
Yes,I suppose so.
That's worth thinking about.

3 How to disagree politely with an opinion
I am not sure really.
Do you think so?
Well,it depends.
I'm not so certain.
Well,I'm not so sure about that.
I'm inclined to disagree with that.
No,I don't think so really.

4 How to disagree strongly with an opinion
I disagree.
I disagree with you entirely.
I'm afraid I don't agree.
I'm afraid you are wrong there.

1如何同意强烈的意见
我不能同意更多！
这绝对真实！
绝对的
我把你的观点。
我会和你一起去的。
我和你在一起。
那正是我所想的。
这是一个好点。
这就是我如何看到它。
这正是我的看法。
2如何半同意的意见
是的，也许。
是的，是的。
是的，以一种方式。
嗯，可能。
是的，我同意一个观点。
哦，你有一个点。
我想说的是。
我想你可能是对的。
是的，我想是的。
这是值得思考的。
3如何礼貌地反对意见
我不确定真的。
你这么认为吗？
好吧，这取决于。
我不那么肯定。
嗯，我不太肯定。
我倾向于不同意这一观点。
不，我不这么认为。
4如何强烈反对意见
我不同意。
我完全不同意你的意见。
恐怕我不同意。
恐怕你错了。