初二上学期英语语法练习题.doc

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初二上学期英语语法练习题
1) leave的用法
1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。例如： When did you leave Shanghai? 你什么时候离开上海的？
2.“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。例如：
Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London. 下周五，爱丽斯要去伦敦了。
3.“leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”。例如：
Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing?你为什么要离开上海去北京？
2) 情态动词should“应该”学会使用
should作为情态动词用，常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等，有“竟会”的意思，例如：
How should I know? 我怎么知道？
Why should you be so late today? 你今天为什么来得这么晚？
should有时表示应当做或发生的事，例如：We should help each other.我们应当互相帮助。
我们在使用时要注意以下几点：
1. 用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。例如：
You should be here with clean hands. 你应该把手洗干净了再来。
2. 用于提出意见劝导别人。例如：
You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果你感觉不舒服，你最好去看医生。
3. 用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例如：
We should arrive by supper time. 我们在晚饭前就能到了。
She should be here any moment. 她随时都可能来。
3) What...? 与 Which...?
1. what 与 which 都是疑问代词，都可以指人或事物，但是what仅用来询问职业。如：
What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的？
该句相当于：
What does your father do?
What is your father’s job?
Which 指代的是特定范围内的某一个人。如：---Which is Peter? 哪个是皮特？
---The boy behind Mary. 玛丽背后的那个男孩。
2. What...?是泛指，所指的事物没有范围的限制；而 Which...?是特指，所指的事物有范围的限制。如：
What color do you like best? 你最喜爱什么颜色？
Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow? 你最喜爱哪一种颜色？
3. what 与 which 后都可以接单、复数名词和不可数名词。如： Which pictures are from China? 哪些图片来自中国？
4) 频度副词的位置
1.常见的频度副词有以下这些：alwaysusuallyoftensometimesnever
2.频度副词的位置：
a.放在连系动词、助动词或情态动词后面。如： David is often arrives late for school. 大卫上学经常迟到。
b.放在行为动词前。如： We usually go to school at:10 every day.我们每天经常在7：10去上学。
c.有些频度副词可放在句首或句尾，用来表示强调。如：Sometimes I walk home, sometime I rides a bike.有时我步行回家，有时我骑自行车。
3.never放在句首时，主语、谓语动词要倒装。如：Never have I been there.
5) every day 与 everyday
1. every day 作状语，译为“每一天”。如：
We go to school at:10 every day.我们每天7：10去上学。
I decide to read English every day.我决定每天读英语。
2. everyday 作定语，译为“日常的”。
She watches everyday English on TV after dinner.她晚饭后在电视上看日常英语。
What’s your everyday activity?你的日常活动是什么？
6) 什么是助动词
1.协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词。被协
助的动词称作主要动词。
助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使用，例如：He doesn’t like English. 他不喜欢英语。

2.助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用，可以用来：
a. 表示时态，例如：He is singing. 他在唱歌。
He has got married. 他已结婚。
b. 表示语态，例如： He was sent to England. 他被派往英国。
c. 构成疑问句，例如： Do you like college life? 你喜欢大学生活吗？Did you study English before you came here?你来这儿之前学过英语吗？d. 与否定副词not合用，构成否定句，例如： I don’t like him. 我不喜欢他。
e. 加强语气，例如：Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定来参加晚会。
He did know that. 他的确知道那件事。
3.最常用的助动词有：be, have, do, shall, will, should, would
7) forget doing/to do与remember doing/to do
1.forget to do 忘记要去做某事。
forget doing 忘记做过某事。
The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off.办公室的灯还在亮着，它忘记关了。
He forgot turning the light off. 他忘记他已经关了灯了。
Don’t forget to come tomorrow.别忘了明天来。
典型例题
---- The light in the office is still on.
---- Oh，I forgot___.
A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off
答案：C。由the light is still on 可知灯亮着，即关灯的动作没有发生，因此用forget to do sth.而forget doing sth 表示灯已经关上了，而自己忘记了这一事实。此处不符合题意。
2.remember to do 记得去做某事
remember doing 记得做过某事
Remember to go to the post office after school.记着放学后去趟邮局。Don’t you remember seeing the man before? 你不记得以前见过那个人吗?
8) It’s for sb.和 It’s of sb.
1.for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：
It’s very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。
2.of sb 的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。
It’s very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。
3.for 与of 的辨别方法：
用介词后面的代词作主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果道理上通顺用of，不通则用for。如：
You are nice. 。
He is hard.
9) 对两个句子的提问
新目标英语在命题中有将对句子划线提问这一题型取消的趋势，现在采取的作法是对一个句子进行自由提问。例如：
句子：The boy in blue has three pens.
提问：1.Who has three pens?
2.Which boy has three pens?
3.What does the boy in blue have?
4.How many pens does the boy in blue have?很显然，学生多了更多的回答角度，也体现了考试的灵活性。再如：
句子：He usually goes to the park with his friends at:00 on Sunday.提问：1.Who usually goes to the park with his friends at:00 on Sunday?
2.Where does he usually go with his friends at:00 on Sunday?
3.What does he usually do with his friends at:00 on Sunday?
4.With whom does he usually go to the park at:00 on Sunday?
5.What time does he usually go to the park with his friends on Sunday?
6.When does he usually go to the park with his friends?
10) so、such与不定冠词的使用
1.so与不定冠词a、an连用，结构为“so+形容词+a/an+名词”。如：He is so funny a boy.
Jim has so big a house.
2.such与不定冠词a、an连用，结构为“such+a/an+形容词+名词”。如：It is such a nice day.
That was such an interesting story.
11) 使用-ing分词的几种情况
1.在进行时态中。如：He is watching TV in the room.
They were dancing at nine o’clock last night.
2.在there be结构中。如：There is a boy swimming in the river.
3.在have fun/problems结构中。如：We have fun learning English this term.They had problems getting to the top of the mountain.
4.在介词后面。如：Thanks for helping me.
Are you good at playing basketball.
5.在以下结构中：
enjoy doing sth 乐于做某事
finish doing sth 完成做某事
feel like doing sth 想要做某事
stop doing sth 停止做某事
forget doing sth 忘记做过某事
go on doing sth继续做某事
remember doing sth记得做过某事
like doing sth 喜欢做某事
keep sb doing sth 使某人一直做某事
find sb doing sth 发现某人做某事
see/hear/watch sb doing sth看到/听到/观看某人做某事
try doing sth 试图做某事
need doing sth 需要做某事
prefer doing sth 宁愿做某事
mind doing sth 介意做某事
practice doing sth练习做某事
be busy doing sth 忙于做某事
can’t help doing sth 禁不住做某事
miss doing sth 错过做某事 12) 英语中的“单数”
1.主语的第三人称单数形式，即可用“he, she, it”代替的。如：
he, she, it
my friend, his teacher, our classroom, Tom, Mary’s uncle
2.名词有单数名词和复数名词。如：man---men banana---bananas
3.动词有原形，第三人称单数形式，-ing分词，过去式，过去分词。如：go---goes---going---went---gone
work---works---working---worked---worked
watch---watches---watching---watched---watched
当主语为第三人称单数的时候，谓语动词必须用相应的第三人称单数形式。如：
The boy wants to be a sales assistant.
Our English teacher is from the US.
Their daughter makes her breakfast all by herself.
12) 英语中的“单数”
1.主语的第三人称单数形式，即可用“he, she, it”代替的。如：he, she, it
my friend, his teacher, our classroom, Tom, Mary’s uncle
2.名词有单数名词和复数名词。如：man---men banana---bananas
3.动词有原形，第三人称单数形式，-ing分词，过去式，过去分词。如：go---goes---going---went---gone
work---works---working---worked---worked
watch---watches---watching---watched---watched
动词
一. 动词是表示动作或处于某种状态的词，它分为行为动词，系动词、助动词和情态动词，动词种类多，变化又复杂，是学习英语的难点之一，下面根据动词的特点进行归类，并提供一些辨别方法，以便于理解和掌握。
1. 行为动词在动词中数量最多，它含有实在的意义，表示动作或状态，在句中可以单独作谓语，行为动词又分为及物动词和不及物动词，及物动词后面必须加宾语，意义才完整，不及物动词后面不能直接带宾语，常需要在宾语前加介词才能带宾语。
eg:
We study English very hard.
She has a book in her hand.
The sun rises in the east.
2. 连系动词本身有一定词义，但不能独立作谓语，必须与表语一起构成谓语，常见的连系动词有：be, look, sound, get, become等。
eg:
My parents are both farmers.
The milk tastes terrible.
The song sounds good.
3. 助动词本身无词义，不能独立作谓语，必须和主要动词构成谓语，表示疑问，否定，时态或其它语法形式。常见的助动词有：be, have, do, will, shall等。 eg:
Do you have a brother?
Have you got an English-Chinese dictionary?
I didn’t go to the cinema yesterday.
4. 情态动词本身有词义，但不能独立作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语，表示说话者的语气和情态，情态动词没有人称和数的变化，情态动词本身可以构成疑问和否定，常见的情态动词有：can, may, must, will, shall, need等。 eg: Can you sing the English song?
Everyone must get to school on time.
二. 动词的时态：
时态概述：作谓语的动词用来表示动作发生时间的各种形式称为时态，英语中的时态，就是通过特殊的动词词尾或加一些相关的助动词be, have等，用来表示动作或事件发生的不同时间和方面。
eg: He reads newspapers every day.
He read the newspaper yesterday.
He is going to read the newspaper tomorrow.
一般现在时：
1. 动词变化：一般现在时主要用动词原形表示，但第三人称单数后要加词尾-s，另外be和have有特殊的人称形式。
在加词尾-s时要注意：
情况 加法 例词
一般情况 加-s reads, writes, says
以ch, sh, s, x, 或o收尾的词 加-es teaches, washes, guesses, fixes, goes 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词 变y为i再加-es try－tries
carry－carries
读音：
情况 读法 例词
在[p][t][k][f]等清辅音后 〔s〕 helps, hates, asks, laughs
在[s][z][ ][t ][d3]等音后 〔iz〕 faces, rises, wishes, watches, urges
在其他情况下 〔z〕 plans, cries, shows
2. 一般现在时主要表示：
经常性或习惯性的动作，常与这样的时间状语连用：always, often, usually, sometimes等
eg: We always help each other.
It often snows in winter.
I get up early every morning.
表示主语现在的特征、性格、能力等。
eg: He loves sports.
Jane is an outgoing girl.
Tom and Tim both have medium height.
表示客观、普遍真理
eg:
Two and four makes six.
Water boils at 100℃
The moon moves round the earth.
3. 一般现在时的疑问句一般以在句首加助动词do，does的方式构成。第三人称单数加does，其他加do，这时动词一概用原形；动词be只需与主语位置对调就行了。
eg: Do you like English?
Do they have story books?
What does she do every evening?
Is she at home?
Are you good at English?
4. 一般现在时的否定式是do not或does not ＋动词原形来构成的，be动词做谓语动词只需在be后加not构成否定。
eg:
I don’t like oranges at all.
She doesn’t work in the TV station.
They aren’t students.
I’m not busy every weekend.
三. 现在进行时：
1. 动词变化：现在进行时由“am /is /are＋动词现在分词”构成。加-ing的规则如下：
一般在动词原形末尾加-ing。如：
stay－stayingdo－doing
listen－listening suffer－suffering
work－working spend－spending
look－looking
以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e，再加-ing。如： make－making take－taking
give－givingride－riding
please－pleasing refuse－refusing
close－closing operate－operating
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ing。如：
put－puttingsit－sitting
run－runningwin－winning
begin－beginning
2. 现在进行时的用法
表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作，这时可以不用时间状语，也可以和now, at present, at the moment等时间状语连用。有时用一个动词，如look，listen。
eg: What are you reading now?
Listen! Someone is singing in the classroom.
表示当前一段时期的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。
eg: They are working in a factory these days.
More and more people are giving up smoking.
表示最近按计划或安排要进行的动作。
现在进行时有时可表示一个在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作，即可以用来代替将来时。
eg: When are you leaving?
Are you going to Tibet tomorrow?
3. 现在进行时的否定句和疑问句比较简单。否定句在be后面加not；疑问句把be动词移到主语前。
eg:
I am not working.
What are you reading now?
How are you feeling today?
The train isn’t arriving soon.
四. 一般过去时：
1. 动词变化：一般过去时主要表示过去的动作或状态，在句中由主语＋动词的过去式来表达。
构成规则 原形 过去式
一般在动词末尾加-ed work
plant
play worked
planted
played
结尾是e的动词在末尾加-d like
live
change liked
lived
changed
末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed plan
stop
drop planned
stopped
dropped
以辅音字母加y结尾的，先变y为i再加-ed carry
study
cry carried
studied
cried
否定式 疑问式 否定疑问式 简单回答
I did not work. Did I work? Did I not work? Yes, you did.
No, you didn’t.
You did not work. Did you work? Did you not work? Yes, I did. No, I didn’t.
He / She / It did not work. Did he / she / it work? Did he / she / it not work? Yes, he / she / it /did.
No, he /she /it didn’t.
We did not work. Did we work? Did we not work? Yes, you did. No, you didn’t.
You did not work. Did you work? Did you not work? Yes, we did. No, we didn’t.
They did not work. Did they work? Did you they not work? Yes, they did. No, they didn’t.
2. 一般过去时的基本用法：
带有确定的过去时间状语时，要用过去时。
eg: He left just now.
Lei Feng was a good soldier.
What did you have for breakfast this morning?
表示过去某一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作，这时常和表示频度的状语连用。
eg: Last term we often did experiments.
He always went to work by bus.
五. be going to 表示一般将来
1. 用法：表示现在打算在最近或将来要做的事，或表示说话人根据已有的迹象认为很有可能要发生的事情，be随着人称的变化变成 eg: We are going to have a new subject this year.
It’s going to rain this afternoon.
I’m going to be a pilot when I grow up.
2. be going to 的否定句在be动词后加上not；be going to 的疑问句把be动词移到主语前。
eg:
He isn’t going to see his brother tomorrow.
I’m not going to tell you about it.
Who’s going to use it?
Is your sister going to bring your lunch?
What are you going to do next Sunday.

一. 改错：
例1：The rose dark red. →The rose is dark red.
1. He very likes swimming.
2. He can helps you.
3. We haven’t a good time.
4. What are you do after school every day?
5. Sometimes I listen music. sometimes I play outside.
6. The fish smells not good.
7. We should buy some chicken. There are little left.
8. There have many birds in the sky.
9. My mother’s glasses is broken.
10. A pair of shoes are nearly one thousand.
11. What colour are her hair?
12. Does he his homework?
13. A: Do you like your class?
B: Yes. I like.
14. He always do his shopping on Friday evening.
15. I very sorry I forgot your birthday.
16. I have no brother and sister.
二. 连词组句：
1. listen, morning, the, to, I, radio, the, in, often
2. of, men, nurses, good, sick, hospital, care, in, take, the
3. weekdays, he, the, goes, cinema, never, during, the, to
4. computer, got, new, you, a, have?
5. weekends, he, rest, does, a, got, have, on?
6. good, Li Ming, do, and, often, I deeds
7. museum, they, the, often, science, visit, how, do?
8. the, in, any, there, kitchen, food, is?
人教版新目标八年级上册 英语语法知识点精讲+练习
一般将来时
一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或者存在的状态。通常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years等。
be going to do 结构：表示打算、准备做的事情或者肯定要发生的事情。如：It is going to rain.will do 结构表示将来的用法：1. 表示预见
Do you think it will rain? You will feel better after a good rest.. 表示意图
I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow.What will she do tomorrow?
基本构成如下： 一般疑问句构成：
will+主语+do?? Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday?there be 结构的一般疑问句：Will there + be ??Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, there won’t 否定句构成：will + not +do
Sarah won’t come to visit me next Sunday.特殊疑问句构成：
特殊疑问词＋will＋主语＋?？What will Sarah do next Sunday? 根据例句，用will改写下列各句
例：I don’t feel well today.
1. Gina has six classes today. _____________________________2. I’m tired now.
_____________________________
3. My parents need a new car. _____________________________
4. We can’t leave right now. _____________________________
5. The weather is awful today. _____________________________
答案：1. She’ll have a lot of homework tonight. . I’ll sleep later.
3. They’ll buy one soon. . We’ll leave a little later.
5. Maybe it’l