江苏各市2018-2019年高一上学期期末考试英语试题汇编：七选五(含解析).doc

江苏各市2018-2019年高一上学期期末考试英语试题汇编：七选五（含解析）
江苏各市2018-2019学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题汇编：
七选五（解析版）

1、江苏省南京市2018-2019学年高一上学期期末调研英语试题
Every week for the past thirty years, I have hosted a Sunday dinner in my home. People, including total strangers, call or e-mail to book a spot. I hold the salon in my studio. The first fifty people who call may come-twice that many when the weather is nice and we can overflow into the garden.
___66___ Last week it was a philosophy student from Lisbon, and next week a dear friend from London will cook.
People from all corners of the world come to break bread together，to meet to talk， and often to become friends. All ages, nationalities, races, and professions gather here, and since there is no organized seating, the opportunity for connecting couldn’t be better. I love the randomness (随意).
I have a good memory^ so each week I make a point to remember everyone’s name on the guest list and where they’re from so I can introduce them to one another. If I had my way, I would introduce everyone in the whole world to one another.
___67___ Many travelers go to see things like the Tower of London, the Statue of Liberty, the Eiffel Tower, and so on. I travel to see friends， even-or especially-those I’ve never met.
In the late 1980s, I edited a series of guidebooks to different countries.___68___Instead, each book contained about a thousand biographies of people who would be willing t0 welcome travelers in their cities. Hundreds of friendships evolved from these encounters, including including marriages and babies.
The same can be said for my salon. At a recent dinner a six-year-old girl from Bosnia spent the entire evening glued to an eight-year-old boy from Estonia. Their parents were surprised, and pleased, by this immediate friendship.
___69___Most of them speak English, at least as a second language. Recently a dinner featured a typical mix: a beautiful painter from Norway, a truck driver from Arizona, a newspaper editor from Sydney and students from all over.
It is unnecessary to understand others; one must, at the very least, simply tolerate others.
___70___No one can ever really understand anyone else, but you can love them or at least accept them.
I am a world citizen. All human history is mine. My roots cover the earth. We should know each other. Okay, now come and dine.
A. I believe in introducing people to people.
B. People are the most important thing in my life.
C. There were no sights to see, no shops or museums to visit.
D. Tolerance can lead to respect and, finally, to love.
E. After all, our lives are all connected.
F. Every Sunday a different friend prepares a feast.
G. There is always a collection of people throughout the world.
【答案】66. F 67. B 68. C 69. G 70. D
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。短文叙述了在过去的三十年里，作者每周都在家里举办一次周日晚餐来招待认识的或者不认识的朋友，来自不同国家，不同种族的人们聚集在一起，在一起吃饭，在一起交谈，彼此成为了朋友。作者告诉我们，人与人之间要彼此包容，才能带来别人的尊敬甚至是爱戴。
【66题详解】
由第二段“Last week it was a philosophy student from Lisbon, and next week a dear friend from London will cook.”可知，上周是一个来自里斯本哲学系的学生做饭，下周将有一位来自伦敦的好朋友来做饭。所以处在段首的小题1要总说“每个周日，都有不同的朋友准备盛宴”，然后接着分说。故F选项“每个周日，都有不同的朋友准备盛宴”符合句意。故F选项正确。
【67题详解】
由第五段“Many travelers go to see things like the Tower of London, the Statue of Liberty, the Eiffel Tower, and so on. I travel to see friends， even-or especially-those I’ve never met.”许多旅行者出去看名胜景点，而我旅游是为了结识各种各样的人 --- 甚至陌生人。所以第五段主要在说明人是我生命中最重要的部分。故处在段首的小题2是本段的标题。故B选项“人是我生命中最重要的部分”符合句意。故B选项正确。
【68题详解】
由第六段“In the late 1980s, I edited a series of guidebooks to different countries. Instead, each book contained about a thousand biographies of people who would be willing t0 welcome travelers in their cities. ”可知，上世纪80年代末，我编辑了一系列到不同国家的旅游指南。而每本书都包含了大约一千个欢迎游客来他们所在城市旅游的人的传记。所以小题3要起到能够承接这两句话的转折作用。故C选项“没有风景可看，没有商店可入，也没有博物馆可以以去游玩”符合句意。故C选项正确。
【69题详解】
由第八段“Most of them speak English, at least as a second language. Recently a dinner featured a typical mix: a beautiful painter from Norway, a truck driver from Arizona, a newspaper editor from Sydney and students from all over. ”可知，他们大多数人说英语，至少作为第二语言。最近的一顿晚餐以一种典型的搭配为特色：一位来自挪威的美丽画家，一位来自亚利桑那州的卡车司机，一位来自悉尼的报纸编辑和来自各地的学生。所以小题4要总说“遍布整个世界，总是能遇到各种各样的人。”然后再具体说有哪些人。故G选项“遍布整个世界，总是能遇到各种各样的人。”符合句意。故G选项正确。
【70题详解】
由第九段“ one must, at the very least, simply tolerate others.”可知，一个人至少必须容忍别人。所以小题5要接着说容忍带来的益处。故D选项“退一步海阔天空，包容会带来别人的尊敬甚至是爱戴。”符合句意。故D选项正确。

2、江苏省扬州市2018-2019学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题
For some people, walking or running outdoors is a great way to exercise. What may not be so great is seeing rubbish all over the ground. Well, some people are doing something about it. ________41________ “Plogging” began in Sweden. The name connects the Swedish word “plocka,” which means to pick up, and the word “jogging,” which means to run slowly.
A Swedish man named Erik Ahlström, started the movement in 2016. He moved to Stockholm from a small community (社区) in northern Sweden. Each day he would ride his bike to work. He became worried about the amount of rubbish and litter he saw each day on his way to work. So, he took matters into his own hands. He began picking up the rubbish. ________42________
Today, plogging is an official activity, which is becoming more and more popular. People of all ages are welcome to plog. Exercise while helping your community. ________43________ It can also build closer social connections in a community. When the street looks bad and it’s dirty, you're going to feel bad about the community. You may even feel less safe because of that. So if we’re all doing our part and picking it up, it’s very easy to help beautify it, and help build those social connection. ________44________ You get to feel some social duty when you do this.
Along with cleaning up the environment, there may be another reason to choose plogging instead of just jogging. You may get a better workout. One fitness app, Lifesum, records one hour of plogging as burning 288 calories. ________45________
As can be seen, cities around the world now hold plogging events. The goal is to spread the idea that littering is not acceptable. People would think twice before dropping a garbage on the ground.
A. Plogging is equal parts of exercise and community service.
B. And that is how plogging was born!
C. And plogging does good to your health.
D. Usual jogging burns about 235 calories.
E. They are plogging!
F. There are people all around the world doing this.
G. You get to know your neighbors.
【答案】41. E 42. B 43. A 44. G 45. D
【解析】Plogging拾荒慢跑是全球正在流行的健身方式，不仅让你的锻炼更高效，且有助于美化身边的环境，保持环境清洁。
【41题详解】
考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据空格后面的“Plogging” began in Sweden”可知这是拾荒慢跑的定义。分析选项可知，B项（They are plogging）也是定义的部分，故选E。
【42题详解】
考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据第二段的内容可知，本段主要介绍plogging的起源。分析选项可知B项（拾荒慢跑就是这样诞生的）与其意义一致。故选B项。
【43题详解】
考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。分析本段可知，主要谈拾荒慢跑的并列益处。根据本空格前的一句“People of all ages are welcome to plog. Exercise while helping your community.”可知，拾荒慢跑在帮助社区的同时还进行锻炼。以及后面叙述的内容可知拾荒慢跑是锻炼和社区服务的平等的组成部分。分析选项可知A符合题意，故选A。
【44题详解】
考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。本段主要谈及拾荒慢跑的几个并列益处。根据空前的“it’s very easy to help build those social connection.”可知， 拾荒慢跑容易帮助建立那些社会联系。及空后的“You get to feel some social duty when you do this.” 句子中的get to可以知道可知，加强社会人们之间的关系。 分析选项可知G项（你可以了解你的邻居）与“加强社会关一致的，故选G。
【45题详解】
考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据上文“there may be another reason to choose plogging instead of just jogging. You may get a better workout. One fitness app, Lifesum, records one hour of plogging as burning 288 calories”可知选择拾荒慢跑而不是寻常慢跑的另一个原因就是plogging锻炼效果可能会更好。1小时的拾荒慢跑运消耗了288卡路里。可推断出Jogging消耗的热量少。分析选项可知D项（jogging 消耗约235卡路里的热量）符合题意，且选项D中与上文的calories复现，由此可知选D。

3、江苏省南通市通州区、海门市、启东市2018-2019学年联考高一（上）期末英语试卷
Maybe you are an average student． You probably think you will never be a top student． This is not necessary so， however． ___16___Here's how．
• Plan your time carefully． When you plan your week，you should make a list of things that you have to do． After making this list，you should make a schedule of your time． First your time for eating，sleeping，dressing，etc． then decide a good，regular time for studying． Don ' t forget to set aside enough time for entertainment． ___17___Yet it will force you to realize what is happening to your time．
•Find a good place to study． Look around the house for a good study area． Keep this space， which may be a desk or simply a comer of your room， free of everything but study materials． No games， radios， or television! ___18___
•Make good use of your time in class． Take advantage of class time to listen to everything the teachers say．___19___Taking notes will help you remember what the teacher says．
•___20___When you get home from school， go over your notes． Review the important points that your teacher mentioned in class． If you know what your teacher is going to discuss the next day， reading that material will become more meaningful， and you will remember it longer．
There are other methods that might help you with your studying． You will probably discover many others after you have tried these．
A．A weekly schedule may not solve all your problems．
B．They help you remember your new knowledge．
C．Study regularly．
D．When you sit down to study， fix your mind on the subject．
E．Really listening in class means less work later．
F．Develop a good attitude towards tests．
G． Anyone can become a better student if he or she wants to．
【答案】16. G 17. A 18. D 19. E 20. C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如何成为一名优秀的学生的几点建议。
【16题详解】
根据前文“Maybe you are an average student．You probably think you will never be a top student．This is not necessary so， however．”可知，也许你是一个普通的学生．你可能认为你永远不会是一个优秀的学生．然而，这不是必要的，后文又提到了成为优秀学生的建议，此处需要一个承上启的过渡句，故G项（任何人都可以成为更好的学生，如果他或她愿意的话）符合语境。
【17题详解】
根据下文“Yet it will force you to realize what is happening to your time．”可知，然而它会迫使你意识到你的时间发生了什么，此处讲的是关于时间的话题，并与下文形成转折关系，故A项（每周的时间表可能不能解决你所有的问题）符合语境。
【18题详解】
根据上文“No games， radios， or television! ”可知，没有游戏，收音机或电视！此处是说在这种没有分心之物的环境下学习的好处，故D项（当你坐下来学习时，你会集中注意力于所学的科目上）符合语境。
【19题详解】
根据上文“Take advantage of class time to listen to everything the teachers say．”可知，利用课堂时间听老师所讲的一切，此处讲的是认真听讲的好处，故E项（在课堂上认真听讲意味着以后减少工作量）符合语境。
【20题详解】
根据下文“When you get home from school， go over your notes． Review the important points that your teacher mentioned in class”可知，当你从学校回家时，认真复习笔记，回顾老师在课堂上提到的重点，故C项（有规律地学习）符合语境。
【点睛】在七选五的解题过程中，上下文中出现的表示转折关系的词语是重要线索，例如本篇第2题，根据下文“Yet it will force you to realize what is happening to your time．”可知，然而它会迫使你意识到你的时间发生了什么，此处讲的是关于时间的话题，Yet表明此处与下文形成转折关系，A项中schedule与下文中的time相对应，故A项（每周的时间表可能不能解决你所有的问题）符合语境。

4、江苏省淮安市2018-2019学年高一上学期期末调研测试英语
Every new person added to the planet needs food, water, clothes, and so on.___46___ Those things require extra natural resources，including land and water. But Earth’s riches are limited. Less than 1 percent of Earths water can be used for drinking and washing. One out of every thirteen people around the world does not always have enough clean water. ___47___.Too many people are using too much water, especially in the already dry areas of the southwestern United States.
Food shortages(不足)are even more common. Worldwide, one out of every seven people does not get enough to eat. ___48___. Over time, the soil loses its nutrients (营养）and the farmland becomes useless for growing food. As the world becomes more crowded (拥挤的）， more land is needed to make way for growing cities.___49___. That’s a problem because trees help take in a gas called carbon dioxide. Humans produce carbon dioxide by burning coal and oil. Fewer trees mean more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The buildup of carbon dioxide traps heat and pollution above Earth.
___50___, although every person uses the planet's resources. The richest billion people, Americans especially, use the most resources. They also produce the most waste.
A.Forests are cleared away
B.Some people use a lot more than others
C.Water shortages have hit many parts of the world
D.Water pollution is a serious problem in some areas
E.More trees should be planted to handle air pollution
F.Huge needs for food force farmers to overuse their land
G.More people mean more cars, roads, schools, hospitals, and stores
【答案】46. G 47. C 48. F 49. A 50. B
【解析】
【分析】
本文为议论文。主要论述了世界上由于人口的增加，对自然资源的需求也增加，导致粮食短缺在世界非常普遍。
【46题详解】
考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。空格的上句“每个新出生的人都需要食物、水、衣服等等”以及下句“这些东西需要额外的自然资源，包括土地和水”。分析选项，可知“与需要自然资源，包括土地和水”有关的选项是G项（更多的人意味着更多的汽车、道路、学校、医院和商店）。更多的汽车、道路、学校、医院和商店意味着需要更多的自然资源，包括土地和水。因此G项与本空格内容一致。故选G。
【47题详解】
考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。空格的上句“世界上每十三个人中就有一个人并不总是有足够的干净的水用”以及空格的下句“太多的人正在使用太多的水，特别是在美国西南部已经干旱的地区。”可知，水资源非常短缺会影响到世界许多地方，尤其是干旱地区。分析选项可知C项（水资源短缺已经影响到世界许多地方）与此意义一致，故选C。
【48题详解】
考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。本空所在的第二段的第一句是中心句“Food shortages(不足)are even more common”。分析选项可知F项与本段有词的复现“Food”，与粮食需要有关。以及空前的“Worldwide, one out of every seven people does not get enough to eat.”可知，粮食短缺，有许多人吃不饱。因此农民过度使用土地以增加对粮食的需求。分析选项可知F项（对粮食的巨大需求迫使农民过度使用土地）符合题意，故选F项。
【49题详解】
考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据空后的“That’s a problem because trees help take in a gas called carbon dioxide…Fewer trees mean more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.”可知，森林减少了，吸收的二氧化碳就少了。分析选项可知A项（森林被清除了）符合题意，故选A 。
【50题详解】
考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据空后的“although every person uses the planet's resources. The richest billion people, Americans especially,” 尽管每个人都使用地球的资源，但最富有的人尤其是美国人用的最多。可知，世界上有些人比其他人用的更多。分析选项可知B项（有些人比其他人使用更多）符合题意，故选B。
【点睛】七选五题型考察学生把握整篇文章的布局和逻辑层次关系和把握微观信息间关联性这种题一般可从以下方面来做：
（1）看首段，跳过空格快速通读全篇，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构，分析篇章结构，了解文章大意。首段的末句一般是全文的主题所在，首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题具有重要意义。
（2）精读空格前后两句，利用各种衔接手段选择正确的选项填入空格。七选五空出的是整个句子，可以通过选项中某个名词或动词跟空前或空后的一致性或者相关性来确定这两个句子之间有一种关联性，从而选择正确的答案。如第1小题空格的上句“每个新出生的人都需要食物、水、衣服等等”以及下句“这些东西需要额外的自然资源，包括土地和水”。分析选项，可知“与需要自然资源，包括土地和水”有关的选项，可知G项（更多的人意味着更多的汽车、道路、学校、医院和商店）更多的汽车、道路、学校、医院和商店意味着需要更多的自然资源，包括土地和水。因此G项与本空格一致。故选G。
（3）看选项，找出与空前空后句中心词同义，近义或相关性的词语。实现关键词的对接，先易后难，各个突破。通过阅读选项，有可能根据选项中的关键词找出正确选项。第3小题本空所在的第二段的中心句“Food shortages(不足)are even more common”。分析选项可知F项与本段有词的复现“Food”，与粮食需要有关。以及空前的“Worldwide, one out of every seven people does not get enough to eat.”可知，粮食短缺，有许多人吃不饱。因此农民过度使用土地以增加对粮食的需求。分析选项可知F项（对粮食的巨大需求迫使农民过度使用土地）符合题意，故选F项。
（4） 解题的关键是能娴熟地利用各种衔接手段。尤其要注意代词，连词等。如表示转折关系的but，though,however 等。第5小题根据空后的“although every person uses the planet's resources. The richest billion people, Americans especially,” 尽管每个人都使用地球的资源，但最富有的人尤其是美国人用的最多。可知，世界上有些人比其他人用的更多。分析选项可知B项（有些人比其他人使用更多）符合题意，故选B。
最后，用代入法，检查答案是否合理，将所有选择答案放回空白处，通读全文，检查文章内容是否语义连贯合理、紧扣主题，语篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切，从而判断选择的答案是否正确．

5、江苏省泰州市2018-2019学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题
Sometimes we fall in love with something at once and sometimes it takes time. ___11___ If were lucky, we come across a poem that immediately attracts us. But usually we need to spend a little time or make a little effort to truly understand a poem. Today I’d like to share some tips for reading poetry in ways that make the experience better with the goal of improving your own poetry writing.
___12___ Sometimes a poem that seems boring on first reading becomes clear with more readings. A poem that feels meaningless becomes deeper and more meaningful. And sometimes you’re just not in the right mood the first time you read a poem, but later it touches your heart. Keep a diction