新概念英语2知识点全.pdf

.新概念英语第二册LessonLessonLesson 1 A private conversation private adj.私人的 adj.私人的 private life 私生活 private school 私立学校 Its my private letter.（如果妈妈想看你的信）Its my private house.（如果陌生人想进你的房子）adj.普通的 private citizen 普通公民 Im a private citizen.（citizen n.公民）private soldier 大兵 Private Ryan（拯救大兵瑞恩）public adj.公众的，公开的（private 的反义词）public school 公立学校 public letter 公开信 public place 公共场所 privacy n.隐私 Its privacy.这是我的隐私!(不愿让别人知道的)conversation n.谈话 have a+talk/chat/dialogue/conversation/gossip 名词变动词 conversation 一般用于正式文体中,内容上往往不正式 subject of conversation 话题 They are having a conversation.talk 内容可正式可不正式,也可以私人 Lets have a talk.dialogue 对话,可以指正式国家与国家会谈 China and Korea are having a dialogue.chat 闲聊，就是北京人说的“侃”，说的是无关紧要的事。gossip 嚼舌头,说长道短 theatre n.剧场,戏剧 cinema n.电影院 seat n.座位 have a good seat/place，这里的 seat 指 place(指地点)，而不是 chair.take a seat/take your seat 坐下来,就坐 Is the seat taken?这个位置有人吗?请坐的 3 种说法:Sit down,please.(命令性)Take your seat,please.Be seated,please.(更礼貌)作为动词的 seat 与 sit 的区别 sit（sat，sitten）vi.就座 He is sitting there.他坐在那儿。.seat vt.让某人就座 seat sb.让某人就坐，后面会加人 Seat yourself.You seat him.你给他找个位置.When all those present(到场者)_D_ he began his lecture.A.sit B.set C.seated D.were seated sit down 坐下；be seated=take a seat 就坐 angry adj.生气的 angrily adv.生气的 angry=cross I was angry./He was cross.annoyed:恼火的;be blue in the face 脸上突然变色 程 I was annoyed.度 I was angry/cross.加 I was very angry.深 I am blue in the face.(脸色都青了,相当生气了)attention n.注意 Attention,please.请注意(口语)pay attention 注意 pay attention to 对注意 You must pay attention to that girl.pay a little attention 稍加注意 pay much attention 多加注意 pay more attention 更多注意 pay no attention 不用注意 pay close attention 特别注意 bear(bore,born)v.容忍 vt.承受，支撑，承担，负担 Can the ice bear my weight?Who will bear the cost?谁来承担这笔费用？vt.忍受（一般与 can/could 连用于疑问句及否定句中）She eats too fast.I cant bear to watch/watching her.她吃得太快。我看着受不了。How can you bear living in this place?你怎么能受得了住在这个地方？bear=stand=put up with I cant bear/stand you.endure:忍受,容忍 put up with:忍受 I got divorced（离婚）.I could not put up with him bear/stand/endure 忍受的极限在加大 bear n.熊 white bear 白熊 bear hug:热情(热烈)的拥抱 give sb.a bear hug.business n.事,生意 n.生意 business man:生意人 do business:做生意 go to some place on business:因公出差 I went to Tianjin on business.n.某人自己的私人的事情 Its my business.(指私人的事,自己处理的事)Its none of your business.不关你的事。rudely adv.无礼地,粗鲁地 rude adj.粗鲁的，无礼的 pay vt.&vi.支付 vt.&vi.支付（价款等）Have you paid the taxi-driver?You can pay a deposit of thirty pounds 您可以先付 30 英镑的定金 Ill pay by instalments.I paid 50 dollars for this skirt.（payfor sth.花/支付（钱）买）vt.&vi.给予（注意等）；去（访问）They did not pay any attention.We paid a visit to our teacher last Sunday.上星期天我们去拜访了老师。n.工资，报酬 I have not received my pay yet.我还没有领到工资。【课文讲解】1、Last week I went to the theatre.动词 go 的原义是离开一个地方去另一个地方，与介词 to 连用后，常加上主语所要去的目的来代表主语的动作目的。go to the+地点 表示去某地干嘛 go to the theatre=go to the theatre to see a play 去剧场看戏 go to the cinema=see a film 去电影院看电影 go to the dairy 去牛奶店 go to the+人+s 表示去这个人开的店 go to the doctors 去看病；go to the butchers 买肉 以下短语中名词前不加冠词：go to school 去上学；go to church 去做礼拜；go to hospital(医院)去看病；go to bed 上床，睡觉；go home（跟home 相连一定表示没有事情可做,回家休息）I am at home.在家休息 2、I had a very good seat.seat 一般指戏院、汽车等配置的固定座位，也可以抽象地表示“座位”或“位子”等概念。the front seat of a car 汽车的前座 Take a seat,please.请坐。3、I did not enjoy it.enjoy vt.欣赏，享受，喜爱 enjoy+n.喜欢,从当中得到一种享受（后面不能跟人）I enjoy the music.enjoy the dinner/film/program/game enjoy oneself/代词 玩的开心 We always enjoy ourselves.enjoy+动名词 Jane doesnt enjoy swimming.She enjoys going to the theatre.4、I got very angry.get 在这里有“逐渐变得”的含义，接近 become，是个表示过程的动词，表示状态的变化。而 I was very angry 则仅表示当时的状态是生气，并不暗示过程。I am/was angry.是一个事实 I got angry.强调变化过程 It is hot.It got hot.got 取代 be 动词，got 是一个半联系动词,可以直接加形容词。5、I could not hear the actors.I turned round.hear+人:听见某人的话 I could not hear you.Beg your pardon?I couldnt hear you./I couldnt hear a word./I couldnt catch your words.I couldnt hear you clearly./I couldnt catch your words.Beg your pardon?/I couldnt catch your words.turn round=turn around 转身 6、In the end,I could not bear it.in the end 最后，终于，表示一段较长的时间之后或某种努力之后 She tried hard to finish her homework by herself.In the end,she had to ask her brother for help.I could not bear it/you/the noise.7、I cant hear a word!I cant hear a word.美音:肯定 I can 否定,I cant,它的/t/是吞进去的,在读音上很难区别,只能根据上下文来定 hear a word of sb.（a word 等于一句话）He didnt say a word.May I speak to Jim?/May I have a word with Jim?8、Its none of your business.ones business 指某人（所关心的或份内）的事 Its none of your business./None of your business./Its my business.不关你的事。It is my business to look after your health.我必须照顾你的身体健康。none 相当于 not any 或 no one，但语气较强。She kept none of his letters.他的信件她一封也没有保留。none of 这个短语有时可以表达一种断然、甚至粗暴的口气，尤其是在祈使句中：None of your silly remarks!别说傻话了！【Key structures】简单陈述句的语序 陈述句一定是有主语,有动词,有宾语,有句号 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 when?Who?Action Who?How?Where?When?.Which?Which?What?What?1-主语，一般由名词、代词或名词短语构成，通常位于动词之前，动词必须与主语一致，即主语决定动词的单复数形式 2-谓语，由动词充当 3-宾语，一般为名词、代词或名词短语 4-副词或介词短语,对方式或状态提问,往往做状语 I like her very much 5-地点状语，一般在方式副词之后，时间副词之前 6-时间状语，可以放在句首或句末 简单陈述句一定不能少的是主语,谓语.如果问何时何地,是一个固定搭配 when and where LessonLessonLesson 2 Breakfast or lunch?until prep.直到 until 用于表示动作、状态等的持续，可译为“一直到为止”或“在以前”。在肯定句中，它与表示持续性状态的动词连用，表示持续到某一时刻：Ill wait here until 5.我会在这里等到 5 点钟。His father was alive until he came back.直到他回来为止,他爸爸都是活着的.在否定句中，它通常与描述短暂动作的动词连用，表示“到为止”、“直到才”：She cannot arrive until 6.她到 6 点才能来。His father didnt die until he came back.直到他回来,他爸爸才死.until（后的从句）的时间终止之前,这个动作做了还是没做？做了前面的主句用肯定；没做前面的主句用否定 For he _A(C)_(wait)until it stopped raining.A.waited B.didnt wait A.leave B.left C.didnt leave I stay in bed until twelve oclock.I didnt get up until 12 oclock.outside adv.外面（作状语）He is waiting for me outside.It is cold outside.ring(rang.rung)v.(铃、电话等)响 vt.鸣，(铃、电话等)响(这种响是刺耳的,往往是提醒人做某事)Every morning the clock rings at 6.The telephone(door bell)is ringing.而风铃等响要用 jingle，jingle(bell)(铃儿)响叮当 vt.打电话给（美语中用 call）ring sb.给某人打电话 Tomorrow Ill ring you.n.（打）电话 give sb.a ring Remember to give me a ring./Remember to ring me.n.戒指 aunt n.姑,姨,婶,舅妈(所有长一辈的女性都用这个称呼)男性则是 uncle:叔叔 他们的孩子：cousin 堂兄妹(不分男女).cousin 的孩子：nephew 外甥；niece 外甥女 repeat v.重复 vt.重复 Will you repeat the last word?They are repeating that wonderful paly.vi.重做，重说 Please repeat after me.Dont repeat.【课文讲解】1、It was Sunday.it 指时间、天气、温度或距离，it 被称为“虚主语”（empty subject）。作为第三人称单数的中性代词，it 可以指一件东西、一件事件或用来指是什么人：It is a lovely baby.2、I never get up early on Sundays.on Sundays:所有的星期天,每逢星期天,与一般现在时连用，表示经常性的行为。介词 on 一般用于表示某一天的时间短语中：on Monday，on Monday morning，on that day 当使用 last，next，this，that 时，介词（以及定冠词）必须省略：Ill see you next/this Friday.never 从来不(可以直接用在动词前面)=助动词+not(变成否定句,前面一定要加助动词)I dont like her.=I never like her.3、I sometimes stay in bed until lunchtime.在表达卧床时 bed 前不需加冠词：Its time for bed now.You must stay/remain in bed for another two days.你必须再卧床两天。4、Just then,the telephone rang.It was my aunt Lucy.just then:就在那时 如果不知道对方性别,他/她可以用 it 取代 Who are you?/Who is it?5、Ive just arrived by train,by 直接加交通工具(不能有任何修饰词,复数)；如果加修饰词,就要换掉 by 用 in 或 on I go out by bus.I go out in/on two buses.（指具体的两辆车介词用 in/on）Long ago people could go to America only by ship/sea.如果是特指的交通工具，则要加冠词或其他限定词：My aunt left by the 9:15 train.by air 乘飞机 by bicycle/bike 骑自行车 by boat 乘船 by bus 乘公共汽车 by car 乘小汽车 by land 由陆路 by plane 乘飞机 by sea 由海路 by ship 乘船 by train 乘火车 6、Im coming to see you.我将要来看你.用 come 的现在进行时态 be coming 表示一般将来，表示近期按计划或安排要进行的动作。同样用法的动词有：go，come，leave，arrive，land，meet，die，start，return，join.7、Dear me!天哪!英国人说 Dear me!或 My dear!美国人说:My god!注意美英的发音不同.【Key structures】现在进行时和一般现在时 现在进行时表示说话的当时正在发生或正在发生的事件,也用来表示现阶段(一段时间)的动向。现在进行时常与 now，just，still 等副词连用：I am working as a teacher.现阶段 He is still sleeping.（现在还在睡觉）Jane is just dressing up.简正在打扮。一般现在时表示习惯性动作,真理,是过去、现在和未来都会发生的事情。一般现在时一般与频率副 词often，always，sometimes，never，frequently，rarely，ever 等连用。Helen never writes to her brother Tony.She sometimes rings him.频率副词往往放在句子中的实义动词前,非实义动词后；如果既有实义动词又有非实义动词,要放在两个之间；疑问句中副词往往放在主语后面。在否定句中 not 必须放在 always 之前，而且也出现在 generally、normally、often、regularly 和 usually 之前；not 必须出现在 sometimes 和 frequently 之后。表示肯定的速记可以用在句尾；在特别强调和需要对比时，frequently、generally、normally、sometimes、usually 等副词可用于句首。I get paid on Friday usually.Very often the phone rings when Im in bath.非实义动词:系动词(be)帮助动词构成时态的助动词(do,does,will,shall,have,had,has)情态动词(must,can,may)除此之外都是实义动词.I frequently go to bed hungry.（形容词作状语）He went to school hungry.饿着肚子上学.You must come here hungry.空腹来这里.【Special Difficulties】以 what 开头的感叹句：在英语中可用 what 引导的感叹句来表示惊奇、愤怒、赞赏、喜悦等感情，在感叹中主谓语采用正常语序。What 对名词感叹，感叹句的结构为：What+a/an(+adj.)+n.(+主语+谓语)!What a good girl(she is)!（主、谓可省）有上下文和一定的语境,才能省略形容词。一般省略形容词表示批评或不大好的意思。What a thing to say!多么难听的话啊！What(a lot of)trouble(he is causing)!LessonLessonLesson 3 Please Send Me a Card send v.寄,送 send a letter 寄信 send sth.to sb./send sb.sth.给某人送（寄）什么东西 send/take children to school：take 强调某人亲自送；send 则是通过第三人去送,如美国的校车 take flowers to his wife 自己送 send flowers to his wife 叫店里的人送 postcard n.明信片.两个爆破音在一起，前者失去爆破音。这里/t/和/k/前者失去爆破音 name card/visiting card 名片 Here is my name card.(口语常用,同时伴随着递出的动作)ID card 身份证 （ID 身份）credit card 信用卡 cash card 现金卡,储蓄卡,工资卡(不能透支的那种)spoil(spoiled，spoilt)v.使索然无味,损坏 vt.弄坏，损坏，糟蹋 The sad news spoiled our weekend.这不幸的消息使我们没能过好周末。The rain spoiled the school sports.这场雨把学校运动会弄得一团糟。This spoiled my day.What you said spoiled me.His arrival spoiled my holiday.vt.宠坏，惯坏，溺爱 Dont spoil your children.不能太惯孩子。His parents spoiled the boy.spoil:把东西的质量变得不好;生活中不顺心的事;宠坏,溺爱 break:打破;break the windows 打破玻璃 damage:破坏,程度不一定很重 destroy:破坏,彻底摧毁 以上三个是指物理上的破坏,而 spoil 主要指精神上的 museum n.博物馆 Palace Museum 故宫 public adj.公共的 adj.公共的，公众的，社会的 There is a public library in this town.I always sit in public gardens on Sundays.adj.公开的，众人皆知的 Their secret meeting was made public 20 years later.他们的秘密会晤 20 年以后才被公开。public house（酒吧）简称 pub public place 公共场所 in public 公开的；in private 私下里的 Lets have a conversation in private.让我们私下谈谈?Why not have a conversation in public?为什么不公开谈呢?(当面说呢?)n.公众，群众，大众 The public is/are pleased with his explanation.公众对他的解释很满意。The museum is open to the public on Sunday.friendly adj.友好的 咯friendly 是形容词，单独使用时一般做定语；作为状语表示这个人做什么事情很友好,用短语 in a friendly way He is not very friendly to John.She gave me a friendly greeting.He always greets me in a friendly way.以-ly 结尾的形容词还有 lovely，brotherly，fatherly，manly，motherly.waiter n.服务员,招待员 waiter(男服务员),waitress(女服务员),只出现在餐馆里 chief waiter 领班 I want to see the chief waiter.我要见你们的领班。shop assistant 商店里的店员 attendant n.（其他公共场所的）服务员 lend v.借给 lend to（借出）：lend sth.to sb/lend sb.sth.Can you lend me$20 please?Ill pay/give it back tomorrow.borrow from（借进）：borrow sth.from sb./borrow sth.（borrow 不能用 borrow sb sth.）He borrowed my pen yesterday.He hasnt given me it yet.decision n.决定 make/take a decision 作出决定 It was not easy for me to make/take this decision.Are you made/taken a decision?make a big/great decision(big：重大；great：伟大,更重大)decide v.决定 whole adj.整个的 a whole bottle of milk 一整瓶牛奶 the whole，the whole day 整天，two whole weeks 整整两星期 all th，all the day(the 可省略)整天 all of 后面如果加代词,代词前面不需要修饰词；一旦要加名词,前面一定要加 the all of us；all of the students single adj.唯一的,单一的 反义词:double 双倍的【课文讲解】1、Last summer,I went to Italy.last：adj.上一个 last summer 里的 last 表示 “上一个”adj.最后一个，表示“最后一个”时要加冠词 the the last day 最后一天 （具体到一天及一天的早中晚都要用 on）2、A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian.Italian 于 Italy:注意重读音的位置不同 teach sb.sth.教某人做某事 He teaches our English.(错)He teaches us English.(对)语言不可数,所以要用 a little Italian 或 a few words of Italian I can speak a little English/a few words of English.a few 可与复数可数名词连用，表示肯定，含有 some，a small number of（一些，少数几个）的意思。The police would like to ask him a few questions.警察要问他一些问题。3、Everyday I thought about postcards.think about/of 考虑,思考，指某一段时间一直在想/考虑某事,think of 还可指想到.What do you think of?What do you think of TV program last night?What do you think of the weather today?你觉得天气怎么样?think over 仔细考虑，反复思考 Whats the weather like today?cold,chilly（非常非常冷）,freeze Ill freeze.我要冻僵了 4、I spent the whole day in my room,but I did not write a single card!spend 与表示时间的词或短语连和时，意思为“花（时间）”、“度 过”spend+时间+地点:在什么地点我花费/度过了多少时间 I spend three hours in the sea.I spend my weekend at my mothers.I spend three hours in the classroom everyday.I spend a lot of time in traffic jam.(交通堵塞)spend 还可以表示“花钱”If we spend all the money,well be poor again.I cant spend any more on this car.【Key structures】一般过去时 一般过去时通常表示过去发生的而现在已经结束的事件、动作或情况。它通常指动作何时发生，而不指动作持续多久。Do you ever catch a cold in the winter?Yes,I caught a cold last winter.【Special Difficulties】直接宾语与间接宾语 双宾语：直接宾语(表示动作结果，动作所涉及的事物)和间接宾语(动作目标，动作是谁做的或为谁做的，通常是人)。间接宾语大多数情况下置于直接宾语之前，如果间接宾语在后，间接宾主前必须加“to”（表示动作对什么人做）或“for”（表示动作为什么人而做）。give sb.sth./give sth to sb 间接宾语在后面时,其前必须加 to(对而言)或 for(为而做)。可以翻译为“给”、“替”、“为”的，就用 for；如果只能翻译为“给”的,就用 to 与 to 相连的 give,take,pass,read,sell,buy，pay，hand，bring，show，promise，offer，owe take flowers to my wife.与 for 相连的 buy,order,make,find I buy a book for you.make a cake for you find sth.for sb.do sb.a favor 帮某人一个忙 Do me a favor please./Do a favor for me?帮我一个忙 I do something for you.Can I order something for you?Can I buy you a bottle of beer?意为我请你喝杯酒的意思 LessonLessonLesson 4 An exciting trip exciting adj.令人兴奋的.exciting adj.令人兴奋的；excited adj.兴奋的-ed:自己感到/-ing:令人感到 The news exciting.exciting boy 令人兴奋的男孩 I am excited.excite v.激动 （这类动词的宾语一定是人，让后面的人感到）The news excited me.interesting adj.令人感到有趣的；interested adj.感到有意思的 interesting man The man is interesting.interest v.对感兴趣 The book interests me.那本书让我感到很有趣 receive v.接受,收到 vt.接到，收到，得到 When did you receive that letter?vt.招待，接待 You need a large room if you are going to receive so many guests.receive 是“收到”，指的是一个被动的动作，主观上接受与否不清楚。receive/have a letter from sb.accept 同意接收 This morning I received a bunch of flowers from a boy,but I didnt accept it.take 则是主动的“拿”、“取”I received a beautiful pen from my uncle.My brother took it from me yesterday.take 也可以作收到 take the exam 接受考试；take advice 接受建议 firm n.商行,公司 company n.公司 different adj.不同的 adj.不同的，相异的（经常与 from 连用）We are planning something different this year.我们今年有不同的打算。My room is different from yours.adj.各种各样的，不同的 This department store sells a large number of different things.这家百货商店出售许多各种各样的东西。He has visited many different places in China.他去过中国的不少地方。abroad adv.在国外（副词,直接和动词连用）go abroad 去国外 live abroad 国外定居 study abroad 国外学习【课文讲解】1、I have just received a letter from my brother,Tim.同位语：一个名词（或短语等）与另一个名词（或短语）并列而作为其说明或限定成分时称为同位语。同位语与它所补充说明的成分之间用逗号隔开。在译成汉语时，同位语或者插入主句中，或者另译为一句，很少像英语中那样用逗号隔开。.This is John,one of my best friends.这位是约翰。他是我最好的朋友之一。Mrs.Smith,my neighbore,has never been abroad.我的邻居史密斯夫人从来没有出过国。2、He has been there for six months.one month；two months 注意读音 I have arrived in Beijing.（arrive 是瞬间动词不能和段时间连用）has been+in 地点 He has been in Beijing for one year.He has been in America for tow years.3、He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia.work for 在上班/任职，强调 work I am working for a school.work in 强调地点（在哪个地方上班）I am working in the New Oriental school.work at 上班 She works at a department store.a number of 后面一定要加可数名词复数；通常 number 前有 great，large，good，small，certain 等形容词，数量大小也随之改变。a great number of 类似于,约等于 a lot of；A large/great number of our students are Danish.There are a small number of spelling mistakes in your homework.a lot of 可加可数名