广州新版八年级上册Unit-3--Computers.doc

Unit 3 Computers
课文重难点详解
1. In the 1940s, the first computers were bigger than cars.
in the 1940s意为“在20世纪40年代”，例：在20世纪50年代
表示在某个年代初期或末期，可以在年份前加early或late. 例：in the early 1940s

2. You may be unaware of them.
be unaware of 意为“未察觉，没有意识到”
译：那个男孩没有意识到危险。

3. There is probably one inside your TV or washing machine.
one 此处用作代词，用于泛指前面提到过的名词。
辨析：one 和it
one
泛指上文提到的同类事物中的一个
I lost my pen. I must buy one.
it
特指上文提到的同一物品
The coat is hers. It’s very beautiful.
例 ：The banana pie tastes delicious. Could I have another ?
A one B it C this D that

4. You depend on computers more than you realize.
depend on意为“依靠，指望”，主语可以是人，也可以是物，其含义有所不同。
人 依靠
depend on
物 取决于
dependent adj. 依赖的， 反义词：independent “独立的” depend on = be dependent on
译：she depends on us to help her.
Our plan depends on the weather.

5. Computers almost never give wrong answers.
almost never = hardly 意为“几乎不”
辨析：hardly和hard
hardly
“几乎不”
Alice hardly wears skirts.
hard
“努力地，困难地，猛烈地”
It rained very hard last night.

6. However, one day computers may be able to do a better job than human beings.
be able to 意为“能够”，后接动词原形。
7. Will we have nothing to do?
to do为动词不定式，此处用来修饰nothing,如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词，需要带上必要的介词。
例：Do you want something to drink?
There is a warm clothes to live in.
例：---Why don’t you go out to play, Rose?
---I’m afraid I can’t. I have much homework .
A do B does C doing D to do

8. What were the first computers like?
What + be + 主语 + like? 意为“......怎么样？”, like 是介词，意为“像，相似”
译：今天天气怎么样？
辨析：what’s sb like, what does sb like 与what does sb look like
What’s sb like
“某人如何”
用于询问某人的性格，品质等
What does sb like
“某人喜欢什么”
用于询问某人的爱好
What does sb look like
“某人长什么样”
用于询问某人的外貌

9.Some young people always need help from their parents.
need 用法总结：
 need sb/ sth 需要某人或某物 例：I need a pen to write with.
② sb need to do sth 某人需要去做某事 例：He needs to have a good rest.
③ sth need doing 某物需要被... 例：My bike needs repairing.
④ needn’t 用来回来Must 提出的问句 例：--Must I bring my homework now? --No, you needn’t.

重点语法：
形容词的比较级和最高级 分为规则变化和不规则变化 
    规则变化如下:
    1) 单音节形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在词尾加 -er 和 -est 构成；
    great                long      
    2) 以 -e 结尾的单音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加 -r 和 -st 构成；
    wide                      nice
    3)以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词，比较级和最高级是把 y 去掉,加上 -ier 和-est 构成；
    happy                     empty
    5) 辅元辅的形容词，比较级和最高级是双写该辅音字母，再加-er和-est；
    big                         fat
    6) 部分双音节和多音节形容词，比较级和最高级需用more 和 most 来构成。
    beautiful difficult

常用的不规则变化的形容词的比较级和最高级:
  good/well------better------best
  many------more------most
　much------more------most
little-----less----least
　bad/ill------worse------worst
　far------farther/ further---farthest/furthest
old----older/elder------oldest/eldest

  形容词前如加 less 和 least 则表示"较不"和"最不"
  important 重要 less important 较不重要 least important 最不重要 

形容词比较级的用法

1. 两者比较时用形容词比较级，其结构为“... 比较级 + than ...”
如：Actions speak louder than words.

2. 在两者之间选择“哪一个更……”时，用句型 “Which / Who is +比较级, ... or ...?”
如：Which sweater is cheaper, the red one or the yellow one?

3. 表示“两者之间最……的一个”时，用“the + 比较级”
如：Lucy is the taller of the twins.

4. 表示“越……，越……”时，用“the + 比较级，the + 比较级”
如：The more you eat, the fatter you will become.

5. 表示“越来越……”时，用“比较级 + and + 比较级”，多音节词和部分双音节词用“more and more + 形容词原级”
如：We should make our country more and more beautiful.

6. 形容词比较级前可以用下列词修饰：much, a little, far, a bit, a few, a lot, even, still, rather等如：It's much colder today than yesterday.

表示“最……之一”时，用 “one of + the + 最高级”
如：The light bulb is one of the most helpful inventions.

Unit 3 同步练习
1. The workers spent two years my house.
A build B building C builds D huilt
2. --- How often does Bob play tennis.--- .
A Every day. B For a year. C A week ago D A month later.
3. --- Would you like TV?--- I’d love to, but I have lots of homework to do.
A watching B to watch C seeing D to see
4. We’re looking forward the football game tomorrow.
A to B at C on D of
5. I’m hungry now. Let’s stop .
A having a meal B having a rest C to have a meal D to have a rest
6. That beautiful skirt is cotton.
A made of B made into C made from D made up of
7. What shall we if we go for a picnic?
A bring B take C carry D get
8. This box is___ that one.
   A. heavy than B. so heavy than C. heavier as D. as heavy as
9. When we speak to people, we should be ' .
    A. as polite as possible B. as polite as possibly
    C. as politely as possible D. as politely as possibly
10. This book is____ that one, but____ than that one.
    A. as difficult as; expensive B. as more difficult as; more expensive
    C. as difficult as; more expensive D. more difficult as; as expensive
11. I think the story is not so ___ as that one.
    A. interesting B. interested C. more interesting D. most interesting
12. His father began to work____ he was seven years old.
    A. as old as B. as early as C. since D. while
13.. I think science is ____ than Japanese.
    A. much important B. important
C. much more important D. more much important
14. This pencil is_____ than that one.
    A. longest B. long C. longer D. as long
15. My mother is no ______ young.
    A. shorter B. longer C. little D. few
16. These children are ________ this year than they were last year.
A. more tall B. more taller C. very taller D. much taller
17. It was very hot yesterday, but it is______ today.
    A. even hotter B. more hotter
    C. much more hot D. much hot
18. Mrs Black has got______ instead of getting any better.
A. more bad B. a little worse C. much badly D. a lot of worse
完型填空
All my family members like to use computers.
We live in China, 1 my uncle lives in Australia. My father and my uncle often 2 emails to each other. Sometimes 3 chat（聊天）online.
My mother is a 4 in a middle school. She often 5 the computer for her lessons. She also gets information for her lessons 6 the Internet.
My brother and I like to 7 computer games. I like to play Counter Strike, but he likes to play Tomb Raider. My 8 don’t like us to play them too long. They say that playing computer games too long is bad for our 9 and study. We both like 10 , too. So sometimes we download songs from the Internet to our MP3 players.

( )1. A. but B. and C. or D. so
( )2. A. make B. send C. give D. write
( )3. A. we B. you C. they D. I
( )4. A. doctor B. teacher C. student D. student
( )5. A. plays B. buys C. uses D. does
( )6. A. in B. on C. with D. at
( )7. A. make B. do C. play D.get
( )8. A. parents B. friends C. father D. mother
( )9. A. legs B. ears C. eyes D. faces
( )10. A. music B. English C. films D. books

阅读理解
We are already familiar with computers—computers work for us at home, in offices and in factories. But it is also true that many children today are using computers at schools before they can write. What does this mean for the future? Are these children lucky or not?
　　Many people who do not know about computers think of them as machines that children play with. They worry that children do not learn from experience but just from pressing a button and that this is not good for them. They think that children are growing not knowing about the real world.
　　But people who understand more about computers say that computers can be very good for children. A computer can help them to learn about the real world more quickly, to learn what they want to learn and think for themselves. And for the future, don’t we need people who can think clearly, who know how to get information quickly and use it well? What do you think?
　　1. “To be familiar with” means to ______.
　　A. know nothing B. know about C. dislike D. like
　　2. Does everyone think computers are good for children?
　　A. Yes, they do. B. No, not everyone thinks so.
　　C. They don’t know. D. They are not sure.
　　3. What can computers help children to do?
A. To think clearly, to do homework and to write.
B. To play games, to do math and to copy.
C. To think clearly, to get information and to use it well.
D. To count, to clean the house and to get information.
　　4. Does the writer think computer is a good thing?
A. We don’t know. B. No, he doesn’t think so.
C. He doesn’t know. D. Yes, he does.

一、短语知识点总结
1、in the 1940s  在20世纪90年代的时候   =in the 1940's 
3、 smaller and smaller 越来越小
比较级+比较级   越来越……
4、be unaware of ~ 没意识到……
5、inside prep. 在……里面
6、depend v. 依靠，依赖 dependent adj.依赖的，依靠的；dependable adj. 可靠的  depend on/ upon 依靠，依……而定
   depend on it 毫无疑问，没问题It all depends. 这也难说，要看情况而定。
7、do with~ 处理(与what 搭配） deal with~ 处理（与how搭配）
8、at a faster speed 以(用）一个更快的速度
用工具 with hands/ears/eyes/computers
用声音 in a low voice
用语言 in English
用材料 in ink,pen
以价格 at the high price
以速度 at a full speed
9、give wrong answers = give a wrong answer 给出错误的答案
10、with  prep. 和……人一起   具有……   用……
11、addition  n. 加法，增加物 in addition= besides 另外 in addition to= as well as 除了……之外
12、like   v. 喜欢prep. 像……like sth 喜欢某物   like to do sth = like doing sth 喜欢做某事
13、one day （过去或将来的）某天  some day  (将来的）某天
14、be able to do sth = can  能够做某
15、For example 例如（一个例子） Such as 例如（多个例子）
16、be better at doing sth 更擅长做某事 be good at doing sth  擅长做某事be good for ...对…有好处be good to...对…友好
17、have nothing to do 无事可做
18、make v. 制作，使得，让make sb do sth. 使得某人做某事make sb adj 使得某人……
19. fact  n. 事实，真相  In fact  事实上，其实=As a matter of fact 事实上，其实

二、 More Practice

1．Thank you/ thanks   for (doing) sth 因……而感谢某人
2．With +n./prep/doing  有…… Without +n./prep/doing  没有……，缺乏……
3．On the Internet 在网上
4．Used to do sth 过去常常做……Be used to doing sth 习惯做某事
5．Sb spend time/money on sth 某人在某物上花钱/时间
   Sth costs money某物花钱
   Pay for sth 为某物付钱
   It takes sb some time to do sth 花某人多少时间做某事
6．In front of 在……的前面(范围之外） In the front of 在……的前面（范围之内）
7．Be bad for 对……有害
8．Give some advice 给建议
9．Hope for sth 希望得到某物  Hope to do sth.希望做某事Hope (that)+句子希望……
10．Stop to do sth 停下来去做某事（做别的事） Stop doing sth 停止做某事（停止正在做的事）
Stop sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事
11.   By doing sth 通过做某事
12.  Have to 不得不……（客观的）Must 必须（主观的）
13.  How often 多久一次（问频率）
14.  Much +比较级    ……的多
15.  One of +最高级+n.(Pl.)  ……之一
16. Become +adj 变得……
17. Look forward to (介词） 期望…… 在介词后面加动词，都加动词的ing形式。

 三、同步讲与练
1. Stop working ! Let′s  stop  to have   lunch.
1. Stop________! Our teacher is coming. A. talk     B. to talk     C. talking   D. talked
2. On my way home, I met an old friend and stopped _______ a talk.(have)
2. They’ll also give some advice on how to use computers for studying .他们也会给一些关于怎样利用网络学习的建议。
 give (sb) some advice on  how to do--- 关于某方面的建议（advice不可数）怎样做某事（必须接宾语）
=give (sb) some advice on  doing---
1.王教师昨天给了我们一些如何学好英语的建议.
Dr Wang gave us _____ _____ _____ _____  _____  ______English well.
2. I don’t know _________ the computer.
 A. what to use     B. what using C. how to use       D. how using
3. I hope we can all work together to stop students from spending too much time playing computer games.(p.45)
stop sb. from doing 阻止某人做---
sb. spend some time on/(in) doing 某人花钱、花时间做某事
1.我们的环境越来越差了，我们应该阻止人们砍伐树木。
   Our environment is becoming worse and worse, we should  ____ people _____ _____ down trees.
2. Tom _____ two days _____ the story.
    A.took; to read           B. paid; for reading   C. spend; reading      D. spent; on

四、同义词/同义句：
tiny = very small 极小的             
expensive = dear = not cheap = costs a lot of money 昂贵的
be unaware of sth = be not aware of = don’t know = don’t realize 没有察觉到
be aware of sth = know = realize 意识到   operate = make …work
depend on = rely on 依赖              
in addition = besides = what’s more 此外
be able to do = can do 能够做某事      
grand total = full amount 总额
We can type and draw things with computers.
= We can use computers to type and draw things.
Mary is taller than any other girl in our school.
= Mary is the tallest girl in our school.

IV．词型变化
order（n） --- order（v）        
compare（v）--- comparison（n）
mouse --- mice（pl.）            
type （v）--- typer 打字机 typist 打字员（n）
calculate（v）--- calculation 计算 calculator 计算器（n）
operate（v）--- operation（n）     
sell-sold-sold（v） --- sale（n）salesman
depend --- dependent 依赖的（adj）---dependence 依赖（n）
    --- independent 独立的（adj）--- independence 独立（n）

I. 同义词
(    ) 1. I am sorry that I am unaware of the mistake.  
   A. don’t know                   B. don’t care about   C. knows a little about  D. knows a lot about
(    )2. Could you tell me the grand total?
  A. little time         B. large number C. whole work     D. full amount
(    )3. When I was young, I always depended on others.
   A. made friends with   B. laughed at  C. lived with                   D. relied on
(    )4. Finally, Jack operated the machine successfully.
       A. made…change  B. made…work  C. made…rest        D. made…stop
(    )5. What’s the price of this computer?
       A. How many is       B. How do you like  C. Why do you buy D. How much is
(    )6. Look! The tiny baby over there is so cute!
       A. very lovely   B. very small   C. very big   D. very old
(    )7. My mother used to work as a teacher in the village.
       A. like      B. be    C. be like    D. have
(    )8. This machine is very expensive.
      A. costs a little money   B. looks beautiful
      C. costs a lot of money  D. doesn’t cost much
(    )9. Jack works hard. In addition, he is kind to his friends.
      A. For example                   B. Besides  C. In addition to D. However

II. 单项选择题
(   )1. Taking buses in Beijing is _____ than ____ a taxi.
     A. more cheap; taking      B. much cheaper; taking      C. a little cheap; to take   D. a little cheaper; to take
(   )2. ________, Shenzhen was still a small village.
    A. In 1840s        B. In the year of 1840s     C. In the 1840   D. In the 1840s
(   )3. I’m hungry now. Let’s stop _______.
     A. having a meal   B. to have a meal      C. having a rest     D. to have a rest
(   )4. --what’s the ______ of this new train? -- It’s __________ 200 km per hour.
   A