初中英语语法归纳(副词).doc

初中英语语法归纳：副词
初中英语学习最难的是语法，因为英语的语法跟汉语的语法有很大的不同。初中也要副词用法有很多种。下面为大家讲解一下初中英语副词的用法。
　　副词在句中主要用作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语或句子。
　　初中英语副词的用法：
　　⑴ 修饰动词，表示时间、地点、程度、方式、频度等。一般位于动词之后，如果动词有宾语，则要位于宾语之后。频度副词常位于助动词和连系动词be 之后或实义动词之前。例如：He arrived only yesterday. 他是昨天才到的。There were clothes lying here and there on the floor. 地板上到处都是衣服。I have been terribly worried about you all day. 我一整天都非常为你担心。She plays the piano very well. 她钢琴弹得很好。The boy is always asking his parents for money. 那个男孩老是向他父母要钱。She never goes to the cinema. 她向来不看电影。
　　⑵ 修饰形容词、副词、介词短语，一般前置，只有enough例外，需要后置。例如：She seems quite happy. 她看上去相当愉快。You've done rather badly in the test. 你考得够糟糕的。The wind was right in our faces. 风迎面吹来。This girl is not old enough to go to school. 这个女孩还没有到上学的年龄。He didn't run fast enough to catch the train. 他跑得不够快，没有赶上火车。
　　⑶ 用作表语，多为与介词同形的副词和表示方位的副词。例如：Is anybody in? 里面有人吗?有人在家吗?Father is away. 父亲离家在外。I am downstairs and my brother is upstairs. 我住楼下，我哥哥住楼上。My friend is still abroad. 我的朋友还在国外。
　　⑷ 少数表示地点或时间的副词还可用作定语，一般位于名词之后。例如：I hope you'll enjoy your stay here. 希望你在这里过得愉快。I met a friend of mine on my way home. 在我回家的路上，我碰到一位朋友。What did you think of the meeting yesterday? 你觉得昨天的会开得怎样?
　　⑸ 副词的比较等级用法与形容词一样。
初中英语副词的分类
　　1、 时间和频度副词:
　　now,then,often,always,usually,early,today,lately,next,last,already,generally,frequently, seldom,ever,never,yet,soon,too, immediately, hardly,finally,shortly, before, ago,sometimes, yesterday.
　　2、 地点副词:
　　here, there, everywhere, anywhere, in, out, inside, outside, above, below, down, back, forward, home, upstairs, downstairs, across, along, round , around, near, off, past, up, away, on.
　　3、方式副词:
　　carefully, properly, anxiously, suddenly, normally, fast, well, calmly, politely, proudly, softly, warmly
　　4、 程度副词，放在被修饰词之前:
　　much,little, very,rather,so,too,still, quite, perfectly, enough, extremely, entirely,almost, slightly.
　　5、 疑问副词，一般放在句首：
　　how, when, where, why.
　　6、关系副词，一般放在句首：
　　when, where, why.
　　7、连接副词:
　　how, when, where, why, whether.
初中也要重点副词注释：
　　1.as…as…常构成一些词组：as soon as…(一旦…就…), as well as…(同样), as+形容词/副词+as possible(尽可能……地)。如：Please ring me up as soon as you get to Beijing.(请你一到北京就给我写信。)/ Miss Gao hurried to the school gate as quickly as possible.(高小姐尽快地赶到了校门口。)
　　[注释] "as long / much as + 名词"可以表示"长达/多达…"的含义。如：The house costs as much as five hundred thousand yuan.(那幢房子花费高达50万元。)/ They stayed in the cave(山洞)as long as two weeks.(他们呆在山洞里长达两周。)
　　2. later、after、ago、before的用法：①"一段时间+later/ago"分别表示"(多久)以后/以前",主要用于过去时态。②"after/before+某个时刻"分别表示"在某时刻之后/之前",此时两个词是介词。③ago与before：ago只能用于过去时,before用于完成时。如：He had an accident a week ago.(一周前出了一个事故)/ Some years later, the boy became a very famous singer.(数年后这个男孩成了著名的歌唱家)/ Have you been there before?(你从前到过那儿吗?)/ After a few years he gave up smoking.(过了几年他戒了烟。)
　　3.above、below、over、under的用法：在上下方用above和below,在高低处用over和under.如：The stars are high above in the sky.(星星高挂在空中) / A plane flew over quickly.(一架飞机从头顶飞过。)
　　当above、below、over、under是介词性质时,意义相似。
　　4. too、also、either、nor的用法：too("也")用于肯定句和疑问句的末尾,且用逗号隔开;also("也")用于肯定句句子谓语动词之前;either("也")用于否定句末尾,也用逗号隔开;nor("也不")用于倒装句句首;如：Are you American,too?(你也是美国人吗?)/ He is not happy and I am not happy, either.(他不愉快,我也不。) / He didn't watch the football game. Nor did I.(他没有看足球赛,我也没有。)/ You can also find the market is very good.(你还可以发觉那个市场很好。)
　　5. enough、too、so、very、quite、very much的用法： enough ("足够,十分")放在形容词或副词之后;too("太")、very("非常")、quite("相当")、so("如此地")等放在形容词或副词之前,very much("非常")放在动词之后。如：It's too/so/very/quite expensive.(它太贵/那么贵/非常贵/相当贵。)/ I don't like sweets very much.(我不很喜欢糖果)
　　[注意] very与 much的区别：very修饰形容词、副词的原级和现在分词形容词,much修饰形容词和副词的比较级;much还可以修饰疑问句和否定句中的动词,very不可以。如：He is very stupid.(他很笨)/ The film was very moving and everyone swept.(电影非常动人,大家都哭了)/ You must work much harder or you will fail to enter the good school.(你得学习更努力,不然你考不进那所好学校)/ I don't like him much.(我不太喜欢他)
　　6. sometimes、 sometime、 some times 、some time的用法：sometimes(有时)用于一般现在时、 sometime(在将来某时)用于将来时、 some times(数次)表示次数、some time(一些时间)表示一段时间。如：Sometimes they go hiking in the mountains.(他们有时徒步旅行到山里去)/ I will stay here some time.(我会在这儿呆些时候的。)/ I will meet your father sometime.(我什么时候要见见你的父亲。)
　　7. how、what用于感叹句的用法：对句子中的形容词或副词感叹时用how,对人或事物(可能含有形容词作修饰语)进行感叹用what. 如：What a fine day (it is) today!(今天天气真好!) / How difficult (the problem is)!((问题)真难呀!)
　　8.already、yet的用法：在完成时中,already一般用于肯定句,yet一般用于否定句和疑问句。如：Have you done it already?(你已经做好了?) / I have not had my breakfast yet.(我还没有吃早饭呢。)
9. hard与hardly的用法：hard作为副词意思是："努力地,猛烈地",hardly是否定词,意思是："几乎不",一般与情态动词can/could连用。如：They study English very hard.(他们英语学得很刻苦)/ You can hardly see a person spit in a public place.(在公共场所你几乎看不到一个人随地吐痰)
　　10. like...very much、like...better(=prefer)、like...best的用法：三个短语分别表示"非常喜欢"、"更喜欢"、"最喜欢"。如：I like baseball very much.(我非常喜欢棒球)/ Do you like butter better than cheese?( / They like hamburgers best.
　　11."quite/what+a+形容词+名词"的用法：记住：①quite/such/what...+a+形容词+名词;②too/so/how+形容词+a+名词;③rather+a+形容词+名词 = a+ rather+形容词+名词。如：I have never seen such a strange guy(家伙).(我从未见过这样奇怪的家伙) / It is quite a nice day for a walk.(这真是散步的好日子)