初中英语之感叹句.doc

模块十二：感叹句
一、什么叫感叹句
感叹句是表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情的句子。感叹句句末通常用感叹号，读时一般用降调。
二、感叹句的基本句型
【句型一】What + (a / an) + 形容词 + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语！
What a clever boy he is! (他是个)多么聪明的男孩啊！
What an interesting story it is! (这是个)多么有趣的故事啊！
What fine weather it is! 多好的天气啊！
What beautiful flowers they are! (它们是)多么漂亮的花啊！
【说明】 在感叹句中，What a / an 常用来修饰单数可数名词，若其前面的形容词为元音开头，则用 an。what 是用来修饰复数可数名词和不可数名词。但有些不可数名词，如 rain, surprise, breakfast, lunch 等，当前面有形容词修饰，使抽象名词具体化时，则要用 what a / an，如：
What a heavy rain it is! 多大的一场雨啊！
What a great surprise it is! 这多么令人惊奇啊！
What a rich breakfast it is! 多么丰盛的一顿早餐啊！
 【句型二】How + 形容词 / 副词 + 主语 + 谓语！
How well you look! 你气色真好!
How kind you are! 你心肠真好!
How beautifully you sing! 你唱得真好听!
Strawberries! How nice! 草莓! 多好呀!
How clever the boy is! 这个男孩多么聪明啊！
How fast he runs! 他跑得多么快啊！
【说明】how还可以修饰动词构成感叹句，但动词不提前。如：
How I want to be a doctor! 我多么想成为一名医生啊！
How she dances! 她跳得多好啊！
感叹句型总结
How +形容词+ a +名词+其他成分！
How+形容词或副词+其他成分！
What +名词+其他成分！
What +a+形容词+名词+其他成分！
What + 形容词+复数名词+其他成分！
What + 形容词+不可数名词+其他成分！
请看以下例子：
①It’s an interesting film. 这是一部有趣的电影。
→What an interesting film it is! 这是一部多有趣的电影啊！
②It’s wonderful weather. 天气很好。
→What wonderful weather! 天气真好！
③He did the work carefully. 他做这工作很仔细。
→How carefully he did the work! 他做这工作多仔细啊！
④Time passed quickly. 时间过得很快。
→How quickly time passed! 时间过得真快

【难点】
what类感叹句省略形容词
1. 当其中的名词带有形容词的意味时【重点】
What luck! 真幸运!
What fools! 真是些笨蛋!
What a surprise! 真是意想不到!
What fun we could have! 我们玩得多开心啊
2. 当进行批评时
What nonsense! 一派胡言!
What a shame! 多可耻(惜)!
What a mess! 多么脏乱啊!
3. 当表示强调或夸张时
Oh, what a lie! 啊，多大的谎言!
What a night! 多糟糕的一个晚上！
4. 当表示蔑视时
What a man he is! 那家伙算什么!
 注：有时在没有上下文，意思可能不确定。如：
What a day! 看这天气! (是褒是贬，视具体情况而定)

【难点】
how在感叹句中修饰动词
感叹句有时可用“how+主语+动词”构成，此是how直接用于修饰动词。如：
How I missed you. 我多么想念你啊。
How you’ve grown! 你都长这么大啦!
How you’ve changed! 你的变化真大!
How he wished for a drink! 他多希望能有点东西喝!
How things get around! Everyone must know you are in town. 消息传得多快!人们一定都知道你到城里来了
   三、注意
  （1）要修饰名词的形容词不能是表数量的many， much， little， few，遇此情况要用how，即使它们后面跟有名词：
    How many books he has！ 他的书真多！
    How much money he gave her！ 他给了她好多钱呀！
    How little money I have！ 我的钱多么少呀！
    How few friends he has！ 他的朋友真少！
    比较：What a little box it is！ 多小巧的盒子呀！（该little不表示数量）
     （2）有时句中的主语和谓语可以省略：
    How fast！ 多快呀！
    How nice！ 多好呀！
    How beautiful！ 多美呀！
    How nice of you to come！ 你来了真好！
    四. 其他形式的感叹句
    感叹句除用what和how引出外，还可有其他许多形式，如可用陈述句、疑问句、祈使句等，有时甚至一个单词或一个短语也可用作感叹句：
    Stop talking！ 不要讲话了！
    Isn‘t it a lovely day！ 天气真好！
    The garden looks so lovely today！ 这花园今天真美！
    Fire！ 失火了！
Very good！ 很好!
There was no face showing!
He’s such a nice boy!
The Great Wall is a magnificent building!
Isn’t it snowing heavily!
Wonderful!
Nonsense!
Happy New Year to you!
Cheer!
「注意」陈述句用作感叹句时，句中通常有so， such， really等加强语气的词语；疑问句用作感叹句，句子多为否定疑问句形式。

五、感叹句巧解五法
（1）一找·二断·三辨·四确定：
构成感叹句的感叹词有两个：what和how，其基本结构是：
1）What＋名词＋陈述肯定式：
2）How＋形容词（或副词）＋陈述肯定式
很多初学者常常对该用what还是该用how弄不清楚。如：
①____cold water this is！
A．How B．What
②____cold it is！
A．What B．How
如果我们采取“一找·二断·三辨·四确定”的方法很快就能确定该选哪个感叹词。“一找”即先找出句中的主语。“二断”就是在句中的名词（形容词、副词等）与代词（或名词）之间断开。例如上面第一句应在water与this中断开（因this是指示代词），断开后辨别断线前面的词的词性，也就是所谓“三辨”，句①中断线前的词是water，而water是名词。第四步，就可迅速确定如果是名词就选what。所以第一例句就选B。用这个方法我们会对上面第二个例句作出如下判断：____cold｜it is！断开线其前cold是形容词，故应填How。
上面两个例句是最基本最简单的填空题形式。但只要掌握这个方法，即使再复杂的填空题也会迎刃而解。不过还要注意，如果断开后，断线前的那个中心词是单数可数名词，千万别忘了在感叹词与名词间加冠词a（an）。例如：
____nice present it is！
A．How B．What
C．How D．What a
用上述方法，从present与it之间断开，断线前present是名词，且为单数可数名词，nice又以辅音开头，故选D。
（2）“断→找→去→添→改”五步法：
若把一个陈述句变为感叹句，可以采取这“五步法”。如：
The picture is very beautiful．
断：在陈述句中的谓语动词后将句子断开：
The picture is｜very beautiful．
找：划出断线后的中心词是何词类。
去：中心词是形容词或副词时，要把修饰该形容词或副词的词去掉。（比如本句中心词beautiful是形容词，修饰该词的是very，变时应去掉very。但须注意，线后如果是名词，名词前的修饰语是万万不能去掉的。
添：就是添上感叹词。如果线后的中心词是名词，就添What；是形容词或副词就添How。
改：将陈述句句前的大写改为小写，将变为感叹句的感叹词及其修饰的名词部分放在句首，感叹词首写字母改为大写。同时句尾的标点由陈述句的句号改为感叹句的感叹号。
据此，上句就变成了：How beautiful the picture is！
再如：要把“He is a good student．”变成感叹句，可如上法炮制：He is｜a good student．中心词是名词student，a good为修饰student的修饰语，不能去掉，故变成感叹句应选感叹词what，变成：What a good student he is！
（3）一断·二加·三换位：
例：1）This is a beautiful flower·
2）This flower is beautiful．
“一断”：在谓语动词后将此句划断。
1）This is｜a beautiful flower．
2）This flower is｜beautiful．
“二加”：在第二部分前加引起感叹句的“What或How”；中心词为名词时加“What”；是形容词、副词加“How”。
1）What a beautiful flower…
2）How beautiful…
“三换位”：将第一部分与第二部分对换位置。
1）What a beautiful flower this is！
2）How beautiful this flower is！
（4）句型记忆法：
因how和what的词性及其在句中的功能不同，由它们引起的感叹句句型可归纳为7种。如果记住这7种句套子，做任何感叹句题都易如反掌。
例：从题前A、B、C、D所表示的词或短语中选择正确答案，完成下列各句：
A=What B=What a C=What an D=How
①____pleasant surprise you gave me！
②____good news we have got！
③____good a TV set we’ye bought！
④____unpleasant experience you had last year！
对了，答案依次为BADC。
（5）歌诀记忆法：
感叹句中what和how的选用，关键看形容词后面是否有名词。如果有，用what（a，an）；如果没有，用how（至于副词，其前永远用how）。
记住下面歌诀更方便。
what，how如何选？ 先在后面把名词找，
若有名词用what， 若无名词必用how。
what，how提句首， 其它紧跟别忘了。
主谓一起挪最后, 常常可以被省掉。

【基础练习】
一．将下列句子变成感叹句   
1. It is quite a nice present. → _____ _____ nice present!    
2. We have fine weather today. →  _____ _____ weather we have today!   
3. It’s sunny today. → _____ _____ sunny day it is today!   
4. The children are working hard. →    _____ _____ the children are working!   
5. She played basketball wonderfully. →   _____ _____ she played basketball!   
6. He is good at singing. → _____ _____ he sings!   
7. He was doing well in dancing.→    _____ a _____ dancer he was!   
8. Tom coughs badly. → _____ _____ _____ cough Tom has!   
9. The fish is very lovely. → _____ _____ the fish is!   
10. They live a happy life today. →    _____ _____ _____ life they live!
二．选择合适选项
1. ____ a nice watch it is!
    A. How B. What C. What a D. How a
    2. ____ bright girls they are!
    A. What B. What a C. How D. how a
    3. ____ interesting the film is!
    A. What B. What an C. How
    4. ____ sunny day! Let’s go out for a walk.
    A. How a B. How C. What a D. What
    5. ____ hard work it is!
    A. How B. What C. What a D. What an
    6. ____ day it is! It’s rainy again.
    A. How bad B. What a bad C. How fine D. What a fine
    7. ____ great day July 1,1997 will be!
    A. How a B. What a C. How D. What
    8. ____ expensive trousers!
    A. What B. What a C. How D. What an
9. ____ girl she is!
    A. What bright a B. How a bright C. How bright a D. What bright
    10. ____ weather we have today!
    A. A fine B. What a fine C. How a fine D. What fine
    11. ____ careless he is!   
A. What B. How C. So much D. How much
    12. ____ from Beijing to London!
    A. How long way it is B. What a long way is it
    C. How long way is it D. What a long way it is
    13. Oh, John, ____ you gave us!
    A. How a pleasant surprise B. How pleasant surprise
    C. What a pleasant surprise D. What pleasant surprise
  14. ____ useful work they have done!
    A. What B. How C. What a D. What an
    15. ____ nice picture you gave me!
    A. How B. What C. What a D. What an
三、用What或How填空：
1. a big tree it is!
2. big the tree is!
3. beautiful pictures!
4. beautiful the pictures are!
5. high the building is!
6. big eyes she has!
7. lovely the ice-cream is!
8. lovely ice-cream!
答案：1. What 2. How 3. What 4. How 5. How 6. What 7. How 8. What

【中等题】
一、选择题
1. ____ a nice watch it is!
A. How B. What C. What a D. How a
2. ____ bright girls they are!
A. What B. What a C. How D. how a
3. ____ interesting the film is!
A. What B. What an C. How D. How an
4. ____ sunny day! Let’s go out for a walk.
A. How a B. How C. What a D. What
5. ____ hard work it is!
A. How B. What C. What a D. What an
6. ____ day it is! It’s rainy again.
A. How bad B. What a bad C. How fine D. What a fine
7. ____ great day July 1,1997 will be!
A. How a B. What a C. How D. What
8. ____ expensive trousers!
A. What B. What a C. How D. What an
9. Please ____, they’re having a meeting.
A. not be so noisy B. Be quite C. mustn’t talk D. no speaking
10. ____ to meet me at the station. I’ll be waiting there.
A. Not to forget B. Not forget C. Forget not D. Don’t forget
11. ____ girl she is!
A. What bright a B. How a bright C. How bright a D. What bright
12. ____ weather we have today!
A. A fine B. What a fine C. How a fine D. What fine
13. ____ careless he is！
A. What B. How C. So much D. How much
14. Oh, John, ____ you gave us!
A. How a pleasant surprise B. How pleasant surprise
C. What a pleasant surprise D. What pleasant surprise
15. ____ useful work they have done!
A. What B. How C. What a D. What an
16. ____ nice picture you gave me!
A. How B. What C. What a D. What an

二、填空题
l. ____________ hot the weather is!
2. ____________ hard he works!
3. ____________ nice tea it is!
4 .____________ big horses they 'are!
5. ____________ a good boy he is!

【提高题】
一、选择最佳答案填空
1. _______ carefully the boy does his homework!
A. How                        B. How an
C. What                       D. What an
2. _______ well you sing but _______ badly he dances!
A. How, how                B. What, what
C. How, what               D. What, how
3. ________ cheap these clothes are! I’d like to buy some for my son.
A. How                        B. How an
C. What                       D. What an
4. _______ fools they were! They believed what the girls said.
A. How                        B. How an
C. What                       D. What an
5. _______ difficult questions they are! I can’t answer them.
A. How                        B. How an
C. What                       D. What an
6. I miss you very much. _______ I want to see you!
A. How                        B. How an
C. What                       D. What an
7. Oh, ________ mistake you’ve made! It’s too bad.
A. How                        B. How a
C. What                       D. What a
8. _______ lovely weather we are having these days!
A. How                        B. How an
C. What                       D. What an
9. _______ delicious your supper is!
A. How                        B. How an
C. What                       D. What an
10. _______ interesting work it is to teach children!
A. How                        B. How an
C. What                       D. What an

二、根据所给句子填空，使填空句变为相应的感叹句：
1. The old man walked very slowly.
_______ _______ the old man walked!
2. The film is very wonderful.
_______ _______ the film is!
3. Our school looks very beaufiful in spring.
_______ _______ our schools looks in spring!
4. It is a very useful dictionary.
_______ _______ _______ dicitonary it is!
_______ _______ _______ dictionary is!
5. The students are listening very carefully.
________ ________ the students are listening!
6. Kitty is a good swimmer.
________ ________ Ketty swims!
【参考答案】
一、
1.—5. AAACC 6.—10. ABCAC 

二、
1. How, slowly 2. How, wonderful 3. How, beautiful 4. What, a, useful / How, beautiful, the 5. How, carefully 6. How well

 中考真题
1、The little boy saved his classmates in the earthquake. ________brave he was! （09）
A)What B)How C)What a D)What an