2019-2020八年级英语下册Unit4Whydon’tyoutalktoyourparents短语语法知识点总结新版人教新目标版.doc

——教学资料参考参考范本——

2019-2020八年级英语下册Unit4Whydon’tyoutalktoyourparents短语语法知识点总结新版人教新目标版

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一、必背短语
Section A 部分
1.允许某人去做某事
allow sb. to do sth
2.和…打架
get into a fight with
3.谈论关于…
talk about
4.在电话中
on the phone
5.浏览、翻看
look through
6.重要的事
a big deal
7.生某人的气
be angry with
8.成功解决、计算出
work out
9.和..相处得好
get on with…
10.有足够的睡眠
get enough sleep
11.笼罩
hang over
12.主动提出做…
offer to do…
13.和…交流
communicate with…
14.拒绝做某事
refuse to do
15.向某人解释…
explain sth. to sb.
16.抄袭某人的作业
copy one’s homework
Section B部分
1.家庭成员
family members
2.业余活动
free time activities
3.与某人竞争
compete with sb.
4.提出某人的观点
give one’ s opinion
5.学习应试技巧
learn exam skills
6.依….的观点看
in one’s opinion
7.删除，删减
cut out
8.总的做某事（厌烦等）
be always doing sth.
【教材内容解析】
Section A
1. My parents don’t allow me to hang out with my friends. (P. 25)
① allow doing sth. 允许做某事
翻译：The shopkeeper (店员) doesn’t allow smoking in any corner of the shop.
______________________________________________________________
② allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
翻译：His parents allow him to play computer games if he finishes his homework.
_______________________________________________________________
2. I got into a fight with my best friend. (P. 25)
get into a fight with sb.意为“和某人打架”，相当于have a fight with sb.或者fight with sb.。
翻译：He got drunk (醉酒的) and got into a fight with Jim.
____________________________________________________________
3. What’s wrong? (P. 25)
What’s wrong?意为“怎么了？”，用来询问对方有什么问题或者不顺心的事，What’s wrong with...?意为“……怎么了？”，后接sb.或者sth.，用来询问某人或者某物怎么了？
---What’s wrong with you, Jim?
---I left my umbrella on the bus.
【拓展】询问“怎么了？”，主要有以下几种句型：
What’s wrong (with sb./sth.)?
What’s the matter (with sb./sth.)?
What’s the trouble (with sb./sth.)?
What’s up (with sb./sth.)?
4. I’m really tired because I studied until midnight last night. (P. 25)
until表示“直到”和延续性动词连用，意为一个动作一直持续到某个点为止；同短暂性行动连用时，用于“not...until”结构中，表示“直到……才……”。
翻译：The boy waited in the school until his father came to pick him up.
_____________________________________________________________
翻译：The workers won’t leave until they get their salary (工资).
_____________________________________________________________
5. Why don’t you go to sleep earlier this evening? (P. 25)
Why don’t you do sth.?意为“你为什么不做某事”，常用来向对方提出意见，相当于Why not do sth.?。
肯定回答用Good idea./Good./All right./Sure.等；
否定回答用No, I don’t think so./Sorry, I can’t.等。
---Why don’t you go sleeping with us?
---Good idea.
6. Well, I found my sister looking through my things yesterday. (P. 26)
(1) find sb. doing sth.表示“发现某人正在做某事”，表示动作正在进行。
翻译：Tom found a man stealing something when he was in the supermarket yesterday. __________________________________________________
(2) look through意为“快速查看、浏览”。
翻译：It is a good habit to look through newspapers every day.
______________________________________________________________
【拓展】look的相关短语
look forward to 盼望、期待
look up 查阅
look into 调查
look after 照看
7. Although she’s wrong, it’s not a big deal. (P. 26)
(1) although是连词，意为“虽然、即使”，相当于though，引导让步状语从句。
翻译：Although/Though my grandma is old, she is very healthy.
_____________________________________________________________
(2) it’s not a big deal意为“没什么大不了、不是什么大事”。
翻译：Change the time of the meeting. It’s not a big deal.
_____________________________________________________________
8. Hope things work out. (P. 26)
work out此处表示“成功地发展”，后常跟fine, well, badly等词，表示产生的结果如何；此外work out还可以表示“解决、制定出”。
翻译：Everything is working out well.
_____________________________________________________________
翻译：The math problem is difficult for me to work out.
_____________________________________________________________
翻译：I have worked out a new way of doing it.
_____________________________________________________________
9. My problem is that I can’t get on with my family. (P. 27)
get on with意为“和睦相处”，后接人作宾语，相当于get along with。
翻译：The new teacher is getting on/along with the students.
_____________________________________________________________
【拓展】get on/along with sth.意为“在……方面取得进展”
翻译：How are you getting on with your essay?
____________________________________________________________
10. When they argue, it’s like a big, black cloud hanging over our home. (P. 27)
argue用作动词，表示“争吵”，argue with sb.“与某人争吵”；argue about sth.“就某事争论”。
翻译：Mary often argues with her mother about which clothes to wear.
____________________________________________________________
翻译：They were arguing about the matter again.
____________________________________________________________
11. Also, my elder brother is not very nice to me. (P. 27)
elder用作形容词，意为“年纪较长的”，反义词是younger。
His elder brother is ill.
【拓展】elder和older的区别
elder用来表示兄弟姐妹以及子女之间的长幼关系，常用作定语；older泛指新旧、老幼或者年龄大小的关系，可以用作表语或者定语。
12. He always refuses to let me watch my favorite TV show. (P. 27)
refuse表示“拒绝”时，后常接名词或者动词不定式作宾语。
翻译：The girl refused the offer from Oxford University.
__________________________________________________________
翻译：Most of the residents refused to move away from here.
__________________________________________________________
13. Instead he watches whatever he wants until late at night. (P. 27)
(1) instead是副词，用于句尾，在句中作状语；instead of是介词短语，用于句中，后接名词、代词或动名词。
翻译：He will be on duty instead of me tomorrow.
__________________________________________________________
翻译：They didn’t go swimming. They went to play football instead.
__________________________________________________________
(2) whatever表示“无论什么、不管什么”，引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter what。
翻译：Whatever difficulties he may meet, he will overcome them.
__________________________________________________________
14. If you parents are having problems, you should offer to help. (P. 27)
① offer表示“提供”时，作双宾语动词，常用的结构为：
offer sb. sth.相当于offer sth. to sb.“为某人提供某物”。
翻译：The restaurant offers free coffee to customers.
=The restaurant offers customers free coffee.
____________________________________________________________
② offer to do sth.“主动提出做某事”
翻译：The kind man offered to help the old lady across the road.
___________________________________________________________
15. Secondly, why don’t you sit down and communicate with your brother? (P. 27)
(1) secondly用作副词，意为“第二、其次”，常与firstly, thirdly或者lastly/finally 等表示顺序先后的词，表示列举某些事实。
Firstly, they are not efficient, and secondly, they are expensive to make.
(2) communicate with sb.表示“与某人交流”
翻译：People can communicate with each other freely on the Internet.
_____________________________________________________________
16. You should explain that you don’t mind him watching TV all the time. (P. 27)
(1) explain表示“解释”，后常接名词作宾语，explain sth. to sb.意为“向某人解释某事”。
翻译：The teacher explained the answer to the question to his students again and again. ______________________________________________________
(2) mind的用法：
① mind doing sth. 介意做某事
翻译：Would you mind opening the window please?
_____________________________________________________________
② mind sb’s/sb doing sth. 介意某人做某事
翻译：Do you mind my/me calling you at night?
_____________________________________________________________
17. My cousins borrow my things without returning them. (P. 28)
return此处用作及物动词，表示“归还”，相当于give back，return sth. to sb.=return sb. sth.。
翻译：I’m going to return this book to the library.
_____________________________________________________________
18. Your best friend does not trust you anymore. (P. 28)
not...anymore相当于not...any more意为“不再……”。
not...any more相当于no more，表示“不再”，强调程度或者数量上不再……；not...any longer相当于no longer，表示“不再”，强调时间上不再……。
翻译：I can’t eat any more, because I am full.
=I can no more eat, because I am full.
_____________________________________________________________
翻译：The village is not what it was ten years ago any longer.
=The village is no longer what it was ten year ago.
_____________________________________________________________
Section B
1. My parents give me a lot of pressure about school. (P. 29)
pressure此处用作不可数名词，意为“压力”，under pressure表示“压力之下”。
翻译：I feel I’m not able to do well with the pressure from my job.
____________________________________________________________
2. I have to compete with my classmates at school. (P. 29)
compete with意为“与……竞争/对抗 ”，相当于compete against...。
翻译：It is difficult for a small store to compete with/against a supermarket.
____________________________________________________________
3. The Taylors are a typical American family. (P. 30)
“the+姓氏的复数”表示一家人，用作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
The Greens live in Los Angeles.
4. Maybe I could cut out a few of their activities, but I believe these activities are important for my children’s future. (P. 30)
cut out意为“删除、删去”。
翻译：You had better cut out that sentence.
____________________________________________________________
5. They have a quick dinner, and then it’s time for homework. (P. 30)
It’s time for sth.意为“该做某事了”，相当于It’s time to do sth.。
It’s time for lunch.
=It’s time to have lunch. ______________________________________________
6. “In some families, competition starts very young and continues until the kids get older,” she days. (P. 30)
continue表示“继续”，后接动词不定式或者动名词作宾语。
翻译：Mrs. Green continued working/to work after she had her baby.
____________________________________________________________
7. And they are always comparing them with other children. (P. 30)
(1) be always doing sth.意为“一直做某事、总是做某事”，含有赞扬、抱怨或厌恶等感情色彩，不表示正在发生的动作。
翻译：She was always moving things around.
____________________________________________________________
(2) compare表示“比较”时，常用的结构有两个：compare...with...“把……同……比较”；compare...to...“把……比作……”。
翻译：Don’t compare your children with others’.
____________________________________________________________
翻译：We often compare the little kids to the flowers of the motherland.
____________________________________________________________
8. People shouldn’t push their kids so hard. (P. 30)
push这里用作动词，表示“鞭策、敦促、推动”。
翻译：Don’t push yourself too hard.
____________________________________________________________
翻译：My parents push me to learn English well.
____________________________________________________________
9. Dr. Alice says all these activities can cause a lot of stress for children. (P. 30)
cause这里是及物动词，表示“引起、造成”，cause sb. sth.相当于cause sth. for sb.。
The little boy caused his parents a lot of trouble.
=The little boy caused a lot of trouble for his parents.
翻译：____________________________________________________________
【拓展】cause sb. to do sth.意为“导致某人做某事”
What caused him to change his mind?
10. In my opinion, it is important for children/parents to...(P. 32)
in one's opinion意为“依……看”，相当于according to sb.。
翻译：In their opinion, the meeting should be put off.
____________________________________________________________
11. You could tell him to turn down the TV. (P. 32)
turn down意为“关小、调低”
翻译：Could you please turn down the radio a little.
____________________________________________________________
【语法讲解】
（一） 情态动词should和could
1. should 的用法
（1）表示“应该，应当”。
（2）表示“可能，该（=will probably）”
（3）表示粗暴地拒绝一项建议、要求或指示。
例如：
He should work harder.
His backpack should be in the classroom.
2. 情态动词could可以用来表示请求或建议，具体用法如下：
(1). 表示请求或者允许
could表示请求或允许时，并不表示过去，只表示语气更加委婉，表示委婉的请求和陈述看法时，回答时用can。
Could I use your cell phone for a while?
Could you tell me how I can get to the railway station?
---Could you come to my birthday party?
---Sorry, I can’t. I have to stay at home to look after my mother.
(2).表示建议
情态动词could表示建议做某事，意为“可以”，语气比can更加委婉。
You could ask your doctor to check you over and do a few tests.
（二） 连词until, so that, although引导的状语从句
1）until：在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到……时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到……才……”, “在……以前不……”, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。
Don’t get off until the bus stops.
2）so that引导目的状语从句（为了，以便）
例如：He studies hard so that he could work better in the future
although的用法意思相当于though（尽管，虽然），引导让步状语从句。引导的从句不能与并列连词but，and， so等连用，但可以和yet， still等词连用。
例如：Although he was tired, he went on working.尽管他很累，但是他继续工作。

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