中考英语短文填空解读.doc

短文填空题答题指导
一、短文填空题型说明
短文填空也叫综合填空，其特点是将一篇短文中的若干个词抽出后，要求考生根据短文的意思，在每个空格中填上一个词，使短文意思完整正确。它是测试同学们理解能力及对词汇、语法和习惯用法等的掌握情况的一种形式。这是中考中一个比较难的项目。其原因是考点不明确：凡涉及英文的理解、词汇、语法和习惯用法的都可以考。内容更是包罗万象：天文地理、历史人文、科技发展、旅游广告等。要求同学们在读通、读懂的基础上，填出符合内容和语法的词或词组。凡是课文中学到的词汇和语法都是考试的范围，各种介词、副词和习惯用法也会经常考到。尤其对于长句子，特别要注意其结构，要精确地分析句子成分。在做综合填空时，要养成快速阅读全文的习惯。句子读得越快越长，理解的精度就越高。根据其难度的不同又分为选词填空题、限词填空题和自由填空题。
 二、短文填空解题思路
1. 跳过空格，通读短文，了解大意。解题时先跳过空格，通读完形填空的短文，了解全篇的内容和要旨。要重视首句，善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点，理清文脉，推测全文时态、主题及大意。
2. 复读短文，确定语义，判断词形。把握短文大意后再认真复读短文，利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义，再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填的词的正确形式。
3. 三读短文，上下参照，验证答案。在短文的空白处分别填上一个词后，将完成的短文再细读一遍，上下参照，连贯思考。可从上、下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确无误等进行综合验证，凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。
 三、做短文填空题的注意之处
1. 语义完整、适用是做好填词的前提，要从全文的内容出发，前后上下联系起来考虑，避免“只见树木，不见森林”的错误。
2. 要善于从文中同样结构或类似结构中寻找线索，从中得到提示和启发，帮助确定应填词的词性和词形，这样可避免想当然地随意乱填。
3. 填词时应注意词形，不可简单地都填原形词。若空格内填的是名词，要考虑其单复数形式；若填的是形容词或副词，则要考虑其是否属于比较等级；如若填的是动词，则要特别注意考虑其时态和语态。如在句首，还要考虑其首字母的大写。
4. 有些空格需要填入介词、连词等，除考虑上下文的内容外，还要考虑和其他词的固定搭配及其习惯用法。
5. 选词填空题和限词填空题一般只有一个答案，自由填空题虽然可能允许有多个正确答案，但只能选择其中一个填入，因为完形填空题每个空格只准填写一个单词，多填反而出错。
1
Now I tell you a short story “ Dare to fly”. There was a tree in my garden. Two birds with their (66)t babies lived in the tree.
One day, I heard the cry of two baby birds. Maybe they were hungry. And I could not
(67)f their parents. I wanted to give (68)t some food. At that time, the (69)f bird and the mother bird came back. They came back with some food. But they put the food onto the (70)g . To get the food, the babies had to fly down.
The baby birds were (71)a . They just cried and didn’t move at first. They asked their parents for (72)h . But the two just stood there and did nothing.
Having no other choice, the baby birds began to look (73)d of the house. After about ten minutes, they were so (74)h that they flew off from the house. I could hear their cry when they flew. At last, they landed safely on the ground and (75)a the food.
These birds teach me a lesson—There are lots of chances．If you want yours, you need to go out for them.
2
Do you like travelling? Do you often travel in your holidays? Travelling is i____66______ and exciting, but it is not if you get sick. So what can you do to stay in good h____67___ ? There are three things you should remember when you travel: relax, sleep and eat w___68___ .
When you travel, there are so many places to v___69____: museums, shops and parks. You may spend most of your days w____70_____ around these places. You may be very tired after a few h____71_____. If this is the way you feel , you should take a good rest .
Sleep is a____72____ important. You may want to stay out late at night. In many cities, the nightlife can be very exciting. Then you should plan to sleep for an hour in the day.
Finally, if you want to stay healthy, you must eat well. That m____73_____ eating the right kinds of foods. When you are in a new country, you may want to try new foods, but you need to be careful about how m_____74____ you eat. Lots of rich (油腻的)food isn’t good for you .
So, remember these! If you want to enjoy your holiday, take good care of y____75____. Give your body some rest. Get enough sleep and eat good, healthy food.
3
Most people love animals. We think that animals are good (66) f_________ of humans. But, in fact，a 1arge number of animals，especially wild ones，are in (67) d_________ now mainly because of humans. If we do not (68)t_________ action now，we will have no animals soon.
People are destroying animals’ natural habitat by cutting (69) d________ trees or building houses. At the same time, many of the animals’ living (70) a_________ are becoming farmland as we have to feed a 1arger population of the world. Besides，people hunt animals for their fur or other useful things. As a result of the pollution that humans have caused, some animals cannot (71) l_________ a normal life any more.
We must try our best to (72) p_________ animals right now. Remember that it is everyone’s (73) d_________ to do so. We should write to newspapers and magazines and (74) t_________ everyone about these problems. We should also immediately (75) d__________ something to help the endangered animals.
4
I am an American student and I want to tell you about some of the things American is famous for. I think these are all important part of American popular culture.
Firstly, America (66)m      lots of amazing films. Films are very (67)p    in America. When a new film is released(电影上映) at the cinema, lots of people go and watch it．Many American actors are world famous. Lots of them have very (68)l     houses in a place called Hollywood.
Fast food is very popular in America. In a fast food (69)r    , you can buy chicken and beef burgers, chips and soft (70)d      as well as other things. It is great because once you have ordered your food you only have to (71)w     a couple of minutes for your meal to be ready. I think fast food is delicious，but try not to eat it too often because it is (72) u     .
My favourite (73)s      is basketball. All my friends like (74) w   it, and many students in America support a team in the NBA. Because I live in Chicago, I support the Chicago Bulls. My favourite (75)p      is Michael Jordan. He is very famous and earns a lot of money, but he does not play any more because he gives up his regular work.
5
Good morning, everyone. Here is CCTV News. Today is March 20th, Sunday.
Japan is experiencing its worst crisis(危机) since World War II. A terrible earthquake attacked northeast Japan on March 11th. It was measured at magnitude 9.0. This is the s 72 earthquake in Japan’s recorded history.
The earthquake was f 73 by a tsunami(海啸). Its wave was up to 10 meters high and
s 74 away everything in its path, including houses, cars, buildings and trees.
The number of death r 75 6,405 last Friday morning, with 10,259 missing. It’s p 76 that the number will go beyond 10,000 in one state alone. Survivors along northeastern coast were in great n 77 of drinking water, electricity and proper food.
Compared with the earthquake, the nuclear leak(核泄漏) had caused more s 78 problems to the people in Japan. An explosion(爆炸) had hit a building at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Station and smoke r 79 from the building last Friday. People were told to stay indoors if they lived w 80 18 miles away from it. People were worried if the radioactive material would be blown over the area because of the wind d 81 . According to the WHO, the radiation risk had no sign of threatening(威胁) anywhere else in Asia at present.
6
Carrots are grown on farms and in small family gardens all over the world. It is one of the most popular sweet v 72 . When people think about the carrots, they usually think they are a kind of long, thin, orange-colored vegetable w 73 a good taste. In fact, carrots are in many different sizes and s 74 . And not all carrots are orange.
Carrots should be grown in a field that doesn’t hold w 75 for a long time. That is to say, the field should not be too wet. To prepare your carrot garden, dig up the earth and turn it over. Weather, soil condition, and time
a 76 the way that carrots taste. Warm days and cool nights are the b 77 time to grow great tasty carrots. The quickest way to know if a carrot is ready to be harvested(收获) is to see its color. Usually, the brighter the color is, the better the taste is. Many people do not know that carrots can be grown d 78 the winter months. If the winter is not cold enough, you can grow carrots the same way as you d 79 in the summer months.
Carrots are prepared and eaten in many different ways. They are cut in thin p 80 and cooked with other vegetables or meat. Or they are washed and eaten just as they come out of the g 81 . If you don’t eat them at once, they can also be stored in the refrigerator for up to a month.
7
Reading is an activity that people enjoy a lot in their free time.
Some like reading newspapers and o___1___ enjoy novels or comic(喜剧的)books. My f___2___ books are those about the lives of great people. Reading them always gives me a lot of ideas on how to make my o___3___ life better.
Great people are remembered not because they were handsome or beautiful, but because they did not give up w___4___ their lives were difficult. They tried to use e___5___ chance to change their lives and make the world better.
One good example is Orville and Wilbur Wright, the two brothers who invented the airplane. The plane has m___6____ the world a small village. Hard work, not good luck, is the r___7___ why the Wright Brothers could invent this convenient(方便的)machine and become great people. Today we will remember them when we see planes f___8____ in the sky.
Whenever I read s___9___ about great people, I always learn a lot from them and they encourage me to march on.
This is w___10__ I enjoy reading about great people’s lives.
8
Be a potato, but be the best
A young college student thought that he chose the wrong major (专业) at a common college, so he drank every day and didn’t study at all. He b 72 more and more discouraged.
But he was never a 73 from Professor Yang’s biology (生物) class. He liked the course. Besides, Yang’s class was so i 74 that he always listened carefully, never caring about w 75 the other students were paying attention or not in class.
Once he put a note in the homework he handed in, saying: “Professor, it is said that today’s college students are c 76 than potatoes. Do you agree?”
That day Professor Yang sent for him after class. When he came, he f 77 the professor at a table with food on it. They drank happily over their meal.
When they became half drunk, the professor took out a small potato that was sprouting (发芽的). “Do you know how much this c 78 ?” he asked the young man. “It’s soft but poisonous. N 79 will take it even if it’s free. ” He then threw the potato away.
The professor then showed him another potato. It was half the s 80 of a football and perfectly round. “This potato is organic (有机的). It is not only large and fresh but also free of pollution. People are in need of such k 81 of potatoes and they’re quite expensive.”
The young man was impressed by what he’d heard. “Be such a potato,” said the professor.
9
Some years ago, I went to Australia for a meeting with my friend, Chris. We decided to drive across the country to Brisbane after the meeting ended. The drive was going to take four days and most of it was across the desert, so we had to take food, water, and extra gas(汽油) w 1 us.
The first day was a lot of fun as we were excited and laughing at each other’s jokes. By the third day of driving in the seemingly endless desert, we began to get b 2 . We had been quiet for a few hours when Chris found some kangaroos in the distance. We were b 3 excited and decided to get a closer look. Chris speeded up to
c 4 up with the kangaroos. We got closer and closer, and Chris was doing 110 kilometers per hour. We were very close to the kangaroos—too close—when we heard a loud BANG!
Chris s 5 the car and we got out. Behind the car was a larger kangaroo l 6 completely quiet on the ground. Chris went over to the kangaroo and put his baseball cap on its h 7 . He took off his sunglasses and put them on the kangaroo and did the same with his jacket. Then he put his arm a 8 the kangaroo and told me to take a photo of them together. I was still surprised, but I took out my c___9___. While I was ready to take photos, I saw the kangaroo move. It suddenly woke up, looked at Chris, and jumped away into the distance before we could do anything.
I started laughing but Chris looked very serious. He said his wallet and passport were in the jacket. I started laughing even harder. I stopped laughing, h 10 , when he said that our car keys were also in the jacket!
10
Li Dong is a farmer. He has a very big farm. On the farm, he (66)g_______ oranges, grapes and bananas. Many people come to visit his farm. He is a successful young man and becomes very (67)f_______.
In 2003, he went back to his hometown (68)a_______ he finished middle school. “What work can I do?” he said to himself. Then he had an idea. “I’m (69)i_______ in farming. I can grow fruit!” He began to (70)w_______ many programmes on TV about growing fruit. He also read a lot of (71)b_______ about it. Then he went to work on Mr Wang’s farm for two years. He (72)l_______ a lot there.
In 2005, he started his own fruit farm. At that time, Li Dong’s farm was small. But now, his farm is much (73)l_______. His fruits are very good. He sends them to many big (74)c_______ in China, such as Shanghai, Beijing and Guangzhou. He also grows vegetables and raises chickens on his farm. His family eats healthy food. He has a very happy (75)f_______.
11
Traffic accidents killed more than 104,000 people in China last year, or more than 280 people each day. There was a great n 66 to change the situation.
In October of 2003, our new Traffic Law (法律) became a law and it was first put into use during the May Day holiday in 2004. It has new rules for d 67 and pedestrians (行人). For example, drivers have to slow down when they are close to crosswalks. If people are in a crosswalk, cars must s 68 to let them walk. And if bus drivers smoke or make phone calls while d 69 , they can be fined (处罚). Buses that carry too many people are also a 70 the law.
Pedestrians will have to walk more s 71 under the new law. They must cross the streets at crosswalks. If not, the police will fine them. Also, they shouldn’t climb o 72 the fences (栅栏) along the streets. Even if there are no policemen around, don’t think it’s safe to cross the street on a r 73 light. Traffic police have got monitors (监视器). These machines can take their p 74 and help the police find them later. If you bike to school, it’s not a good idea to carry classmates on the back. You should be fined fifty yuan.
Drivers and pedestrians行人must work t 75 to make the streets safer.
12
In many big cities in the world, the overuse of cars is thought to be one of the major causes of air pollution. What will cars be 1 (81) in the future?
Some e (82) think that today’s cars are in trouble because they use too much petrol( 汽油 ). They say the car of the future will be much, much smaller. The car of tomorrow will be m (83) without a motor or air conditioning. It’ll have no radio and no lights. Tomorrow’s car will be an o (84) air car with no doors or windows. It needn’t have a pollution control system because it w (85) use petrol. In fact, this new car will be pushed by the driver’s feet. Very few people will be killed in accidents, because the top s (86) will be five miles per hour. However