2016九年级英语知识点梳理人教版.docx

2016九年级英语第三单元知识点梳理（人教版）
1.重点单词
1. beside prep. 在旁边，在附近； 2. pardon interj. 请再说一遍，对不起3. rush v&n. 仓促，急促；4. suggest v. 建议，提议；5. staff n.管理人员，职工；6. central adj. 中心的，中央的； 7. mail v. 邮寄；发电子邮件；8. east adj. 东方的； 9. fascinating adj. 迷人的， 极有吸引力的10. convenient adj. 便利的，方便的11. polite adj. 有礼貌的；12. direct adj. 直接的13 request n&v. 要求，请求 14. correct adj. 正确的。15. course n. 课程，学科； 2.重点词组
1. 询问信息 ask for information2. 向左/右转 turn left/right3. 买一双鞋 get a pair of shoes4. 去三楼 go to the third floor5. 路过书店 go past the bookstore6. 在银行与超市之间between the bank and the supermarket7. 路过 pass by8. 抓住我的手 hold my hand9. 听起来完美 sound perfect 10. 在去某地的路上on the way to sw11. 请再说一次 pardon me12. 沿着这条街向东走go east along this street 13. 一个吃饭的好地方a good place to eat14. 在…的拐角处on the corner of…15. 礼貌地请求帮助ask for help politely 16. 改变说话的方式change the way they talk17. 在不同的情景 in different situations18. 电子邮件地址 e-mail address19. 导入一个问题 lead in to a request20. 地下停车场 underground parking lot21 匆忙地 be in a rush22. 第一次遇见某人meet sb for the first time23. 更好地规划我的时间plan my time better 其它补充词组
1.a pair of 一对，一双，一副 2.between A and B在a和b之间
3.on one’s / the way to 在去……的路上 4.pardon me 什么，请再说一遍
5.pass by 路过 经过 6.look forward to 盼望 期待
7.excuse me 打扰了 请原谅 8.get some magazines 得到一些杂志
9.get some information about 获取有关……的一些信息10.turn left\right 向左\向右 转
11.go past 经过 路过 12.a little earlier 早一点儿
13.a good place to eat 一个吃饭的好地方 14.in different situation 在不同的情况下
15.on time 准时 按时 16.get to 到达
17.have dinner 吃晚餐 18.on one’s / \the right在右边
e on 快点 请过来 20.the shopping center 购物中心
21.the corner of....... 的角落/拐角处 22.lead into 导入 引入
3.重点句式
1. ---请问，你能告诉我怎样才能到书店吗？---当然，只需沿主街走只到你路过中心街。书店就在你右边，银行旁边。
---Excuse me, could you please tell me how to get to the bookstore?
---Sure, just go along Main Street until you pass Center Street. The bookstore is on your right, beside the bank..
2. ---你知道书店今天什么时候关门吗？--它在下午7点关门。
---Do you know when the bookstore close today? ---It closes at 7:00 pm today.
3. ---请问，你知道我在哪才能买到一些邮票吗？ ---当然，上二楼，在银行和超市之间有个书店。
---Excuse me, do you know where I can get some postcards?
---Sure. Go to the second floor. There’s a bookstore between the bank and the supermarket.
4. 请再说一次，你知道这附近是否有餐馆吗？ Pardon me, do you know if there’s a restaurant around here?
5. ---你能告诉我这么哪有好吃的地方吗？ ---当然可以，你喜欢什么样的食物？
---Can you tell me where there’s a good place to eat? ---Of course. What kind of food do you like?
4单元语法由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句―我在第二单元已经讲过这个语法了。
5. pardon/excuse me/sorry的区别
1．excuse me：虽然可以译为“对不起”，但它实际上是一种礼貌的语言形式，主要表达讲话者对受话者的敬重。
下列场合较为常见：
(1)向陌生人问路，要引起对方的注意时，请求别人帮忙时。如：Excuse me, can you tell me where the post office is?
(2)需要打断别人的谈话，或要对别人刚讲的内容提出反对意见时，为了不显得粗鲁无礼，常用excuse me。
如：Excuse me, may I get in a word?
(3)因故中途离席是中断和别人的谈话时。如：Excuse me, but I must go home now．
2．sorry：常用于表示“对不起”和“遗憾”两种意思，往往带有较浓的“赔不是”的色彩。多见于下列场合：
(1)由于不小心撞着别人或踩了别人的脚。如：Oh, sorry, did I step on your foot?
(2)因讲话不当或行为失误而道歉。如：I’m sorry, I don’t mean to say it．
(3)因不能帮助别人做某事而道歉。如：Sorry, I don’t know it exactly．
(4)听到某种不幸消息而表示遗憾。如：Tom is about to die．I am sorry to hear that．
(5)当你不愿说不明确的事或不礼貌的事时。如：I’m probably not making myself clear, sorry．
(6)准备拒绝别人的要求，反对别人做某事时。如：Sorry, I don’t agree with you．
Excuse me通常在说或做可能令人不悦的事情之前使用；而Sorry在说或做这种事情之后使用，表示歉意。
3． I beg your pardon可用于（正式场合）：①做错事道歉；②谈话中提出异议以前；③没听清对方的话，希望他重复一遍时（可说 Beg pardon或 Pardon，可用问号，说时用升调）；④（以不友好的语气说）不相信对方的话是真实的；例如：I beg your pardon but that is my coat．对不起，可那是我的上衣呀。
-The third answer is B．第三个答案是 B。-I beg your pardon．（Beg pardon． Pardon）对不起，请再说一遍好吗？
―Please don't throw paper on the ground. ―________，I won't.
A. Excuse me B. That's all right C. Sorry D. It doesn't matter
【解】考查日常交际用语。Excuse me意为“打扰了”；That's all right意为“不用谢”；Sorry意为“对不起”；It doesn't matter意为“没关系”。根据句意为“对不起，我不会了。
6.问路的表示法英语中表达问路或处所的句式有不少，下面介绍几种常用的问路的方法。
申申老师带你练练试译：打扰了。请问去书店怎么走？
Excuse me. Could you tell me the way to the bookshop?
Excuse me. Could you tell me how I can get to the bookshop?
Excuse me. Could you tell me how to get to the bookshop?
Excuse me. Could you tell me where the bookshop is?
Excuse me. Which is the way to the bookshop, please?
Excuse me. Where’s the bookshop, please?
Excuse me. How can I get to the bookshop, please?
―____, please. Could you tell me which BRT I can take to get to Jinan Railway Station?
―Take No .15 bus and transfer to No B1 BRT. A. Excuse me B .Yes C. Sure D. Hello
【解】考查交际用语。由答语中“Take No .15 bus and transfer to No B1 BRT .(乘15路汽车……)可知，问句是说话人在向别人打听乘车路线。在向别人求助时，常用Excuse me(对不起，打扰了；劳驾)。故答案A。
7. suggest的具体用法
一、 有"建议"的意思.
1) 接名词作宾语 She suggested an early start. 她建议早一点出发.
2) 接动名词作宾语 I suggested putting off the sports meet. 我建议将运动会延期.
3) 接that 宾语从句,that从句用should+动词原形,should可以省略.
She suggested that the class meeting (should) not be held on Saturday. 她建议班会不要在星期六举行.
4) 接动词不定式复合宾语 I suggested him giving up the foolish idea. 我建议他放弃那愚蠢的念头.
二、 有"提出"的意思.He suggested a different plan to his boss. 他向老板提出了一个不同的计划.
三、 有"暗示、表明"的意思.其主语是事物,而不是人.
1)接名词或动名词作宾语. Her pale face suggested bad health. 她脸色苍白,看来身体不好.
The thought of summer suggests swimming. 一想到夏天就使人们联想到游泳.
2)接宾语从句,从句用陈述语气.如: The decision suggested that he might bring his family. 这个决定表明他可以把家属带来.
四、 在主语从句It is suggested that... 及名词suggestion 后面表示具体建议的表语从句、同位语从句都应用should+动词原形,should可以省略.如:
It was suggested that we (should) give a performance at the party. 人们建议我们在晚会上表演节目.
The old suggests ____back the food to these villagers. A. give B. to give C. giving D. given
【解】suggest接动名词作宾语 表示建议做某事，故选B。
8.宾语从句用法小结―这里是我第二次讲解这个语法哦。
宾语从句用法小结
(一)、宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型：
1. 由that引导的宾语从句。如：We knew（that）we should learn from each other.
2. 由if/whether引导的宾语从句。如：Please tell me if/whether you have been to America.
3. 由who，where，how等连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。如：Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office？
(二)、宾语从句的语序
① 陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。
如：He is an honest boy. The teacher said. →The teacher said（that）he was an honest boy.
② 一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序 。
如：Does he work hard？I wonder→ I wonder if/whether he works hard.
When did he leave？I don’t know. →I don’t know when he left.
(三)、宾语从句的时态
① 如果主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如： I have heard（that）he will come back next week.
② 如果主句是过去的某种时态，那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态。
如：He said（that）there were no classes yesterday.
注意：如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时，不管主句是什么时态，从句都要用一般现在时。
如：He said that light travels much faster than sound.
（四）、两副面孔if和when既能引导时间状语从句，又能引导宾语从句
如：　If it rains tomorrow，I won’t come.（时间状语从句）I don’t know if it will rain tomorrow. （宾语从句）
（五）、从句的简化
1. 当主句谓语动词是find，see，watch，hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语＋宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。
如：　She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. →She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.
2. 当主句谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如：She agreed that she could help me with my math. →She agreed to help me with my math.
3. 在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词＋不定式”结构。如：Can you tell me how I can get to the station？→Can you tell me how to get to the station
1. －Have you ever seen the movie 2012? －Yes, but I don’t believe______ the year 2012 will see the end of the world.
A. that B. what C. how D. if
【解】此题考查引导词。从句为陈述句，常选择连接词that或将that省略，直接与主句相连。故选A。
2．The policewoman asked the little boy ______.
A. where did he live B. where he lived C. where he lives D. where does he lives
【解】此题考查宾语从句。宾语从句用陈述句语序，主句是一般过去时，从句需用过去范畴的时态，故选B。
9. until的句型
1.肯定句(延续性动词）+until+句子.I will wait until he returns.我一直等他回来.
肯定句（延续性动词）+until+名词或名词短语.I waited for him until 12 o’clock.我一直等他到12点。
2.否定句（瞬间动词）+until+句子. My mother had no idea of it until I told her.我妈妈只到我告诉她才知道这事。
否定句（瞬间动词）+until+名词或名词短语.I won't leave until 12 o'clock.到12点我才会离开。
3.not...until 强调句结构：It is/was not until +从句/表时间词语+that +肯定句.
It was not until I told her that my mother had any idea of it.只到我告诉她，我妈妈才知道这事。
4.not...until倒装句(否定句才能倒装，因为具有否定意义的词或短语在句首，句子部分倒装）
结构：Not until+从句/表时间词语+主句（倒装）Not until 12 o'clock will I leave.不到12点，我不会离开。
---Look! Here comes our school bus. ---No hurry. Don't get on it _______it has stopped.
A. until B. after C. since D. when
[解]句中有don't，可想not．．．until为固定结构，意为“直到……才……”。[答案]A．
10.和我一起小练句型转换。
1. Could you tell me how I can get toTibet?(改同义句) Could you tell me the way toTibet?
2. Is Chen Shubian is still in the prison? (改宾语从句) Could you please tell me if/whether Chen Shuibian is still in the prison?
3. Where can I buy any stamps? Do you know?(合并句子)Do you know where I can buy any stamps?
4. He likes going Watertown. I like going Watertown, too. (改为同义句) Both he and I like going Watertown.
5. Could you tell me where I can get something to eat? Could you tell me where to get something to eat?
11. 选用方框中所给词的适当形式补全对话
next, alone, place, anything, waiting, afraid, looking, when, where, get, give, earlier.
A: Is there 1 I can do for you?
B: Yes. I’m 2 for the airport bus stop.
A: This is the bus stop!
B: Could you tell me 3 the bus leaves?
A: I’m 4 you’ve just missed it.
B: How about the 5 one?
A: In an hour.
B: Isn’t there an 6 one?
A: I afraid not.
B: Is there a 7 I can 8 some rest and wait?
A: Yes, there is a 9 room just over there.
B: It’s kind of you to 10 give me a hand.
答案1. anything 2. looking 3.when 4. afraid 5.next
6. earlier 7.place 8.get 9.waiting 10. giving
12. 1.polite adj.有礼貌的；有教养的，文雅的；
可用作表语和定语，反义词：rude, impolite; 副词：politely; 常用搭配有：be polite to sb; it’s polite to do sth
【例句】We should be polite to the old man.我们应对老人有礼貌。
I think it is ______ you to give your seat to the old man on the bus.A. good of B. kind for C. polite of D. polite for
【解】介词of用于代词前表示某人的品质，for表示对某人的利益关系。由句意可知，把座位让给老人，说明你的人品好。故选C。
13. depend v.动词；依靠；依赖；信赖；决定于表示“视??而定；取决于??”，也是不及物词后接宾语时常与on或upon连用。值得注意的是，depend on/ upon作此意解时不可用于被动结构。
（1）后接名词或代词作宾语。【例句】The price depends on the quality. 价钱取决于质量。
（2）后接how或wh-引起的从句，在口语中可省略on或upon。
【例】Your success depends (on) whether you work hard or not. 你的成败取决于你是否努力工作
It all _______ whether she like the boss or not.A. look on B. go on C. take on D. depend on。
【解】look on意为“看作”； take on意为“造访”；go on意为“继续”，都不符合题意。depend on表示“视??而定；取决于??”，由题意可知，一切都取决于她喜欢还是不喜欢这个老板；故选D。
14.句式：Excuse me, I wonder if you can help me. 打扰了，我不知道您是否能帮帮我 。
动词wonder在不同的句子结构中表达的意思不同：
(1)后接“who, what, why等疑问词引导的宾语从句”，“疑问词+不定式”时，表示“想知道”。
【例】The teacher wondered why she was late.老师想知道她为什么迟到。
He wondered what happened.他想知道发生了什么事情。
I’m just wondering how to do it.我正想知道怎么做那件事。
(2）后接“that引导的宾语从句”，“不定式短语”时，表示“感到惊奇，对……感到惊讶”。
【例】I wonder that he was off office.我对他下岗感到惊讶。
I wonder to see her looking so cheerful. 我很惊讶地发现她如此高兴。
(3)后接if或whether引导的宾语从句时，表示一种委婉的请求或疑问。【例句】
I wonder if you would mind giving me a hand.我不知道你是否能帮我一下。
She wondered whether you were free that morning.她不知道那天上午你是否有空。
【例句】
We all wonder what the life was like here in the past.我们都想知道过去这儿的生活是什么样子的。
Mr. Qiao wondered ______the boy can take away such a heavy bag from the house.A. if B. what C. how D. that
【解】由句意可知，老人想知道男孩是如何把如此重的袋子带出房子的。故选C。
15.【横向辐射】interesting & interest
1.interesting作形容词，有主动意味，意为“令人有趣的”，作表语时，主语通常是物。作定语时，既可修饰人，也可修饰物。
【例】The story is very interesting. 这故事很有趣。This is an interesting book. 这是本有趣的书。
2.interest
作不可数名词时意为“兴趣、趣味”。作动词时意为“使（人）发生兴趣”，其主语多为事物。
【例】They're all places of great interest in China. 它们都是中国的名胜。
Your story interests me. 你的经历引起了我的兴趣。
I have ___ to tell you. Maybe you will be _____ in it.
A. interesting something; interested B. something interesting; interesting
C. something interesting; interested D. something interested; interesting
【解】形容词修饰不定代词时，应该放在其后面，可先排除A。另外，修饰某物时要用interesting，可排除D。
第二空的you是人，故要用be interested in结构。答案选择C。
16. be used to do sth & be used to doing sth.
1.be used to do sth 表示“被用于做某事”，是被动结构，强调主语是动词use的承受者。
【例】Wood can be used to make desks. 木材可用来制作书桌。
Stamps can be used to send letters. 邮票可用来寄信。
2.be used to doing sth意为“习惯于做某事”，其中to是介词，后须接名词或动词-ing形式。
【例】I was used to the hard life here. 我习惯这里的艰苦生活。
He is used to working before six in the morning. 他已经习惯每天早晨六点以前干活。
1.She used to____ in the morning, but now she is used to ______ at night.
A. read; read B. read; reading C. reading; read D. reading; reading
【解】前一空是used to do sth结构，后一空是be used to doing 结构。若第二空采用be used to do sth结构，主语she不能成为use的承受者。另外，由but now可知前一句说的是过去的情况，后一空说的是现在的情况。
正确答案是B。
2.I used to go outside on weekends. (改为否定句) I____ ____ to go outside on weekends.
【解】本题考查used to do的否定结构。其否定句为didn’t use to do或used not to do。正确答案是didn’t use/used not。
17. What is sb/ sth like?& What does sb like?
1.What is sb/ sth like?What is sb like? 还可用来询问某人的品质。What is sth. like?用来询问事物的性质，特别是用来谈论天气状况, like在句中作介词，意为“像”。
--【例】―What is Lily like? 莉莉是怎样的一个人？―She’s a very nice girl. 她是个非常好的女孩。
―What’s the weather like? 今天天气怎么样？―Very fine. 很晴朗。
―What’s this book like? 这本书怎么样？―Very interesting. 很有趣。
2.What does sb like?该句型用来询问某人“喜欢什么”，like为动词“喜欢”。
【例】―What does Li Hua like? 李华喜欢什么？　―He likes swimming. 他喜欢游泳。
―What does the lady look like?― .
A. She’s fine and well B. She’s really a nice ladyC. She’s tall and thin D. She likes wearing skirts
【解】A意为“她身体很好”，B意为“她的确是个好女士”，C意为“她是个瘦高个”，D意为“她喜欢穿短裙子”。问句是问长相如何，应选C。
18. .dare敢于；胆敢；可以作实义动词，也可以作情态动词。
（1）实义动词dare后面接动词不定式to do
【例句】I dare to swim across the riverI don't dare to say that.
Do you dare to go with me?(肯定回答：Yes, I do. 否定回答：No, I don't.）
（2）dare作情态动词时后面接动词原形（不带to的动词不定式）。
【例】I daren't say that. Dare you go with me?(肯定回答：Yes, I dare. 否定回答：No, I dare not.)
How dare you say that? If he dare break the rule , he will be punished .
注意：dare作情态动词时主要用于疑问句,否定句和条件从句中,不用于肯定句（只有一个例外―I dare say，但那是一个固定短语，意思是“我相信, 可能, 我想是这样”）。
（3）在否定句或疑问句中，现代英语口语常用实义动词的dare，但省略后面的to，直接接动词原形。
【例】I don't dare say that.Do you dare go with me?
【例句】Mary dare not go home because she failed the math test again.玛丽不敢回家，因为她数学考试又没及格。
―Would you like to come over to my house tomorrow?―Oh, I ‘d love to . but I am afraid of your pet dog. I ____ go close to it .��A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. daren’t��
【解】由题意可知，我是怕你的宠物狗，而不敢靠近它. dare作情态动词的否定式为daren’t;故答案选D。
19. give up放弃后接动词-ing形式或名词，但不能接动词不定式。后接代词作宾语时，代词应放在give和up之间。
You should give up smoking. 你应该戒烟。
Math is too difficult for me. I think I’ll give it up. 数学对我来说太难。我想我会放弃它。
give in屈服，让步；give back归还；give away分发，赠送；give sb a hand帮某人的忙
―Is he still raising money for charity?―Yes. He never_____ hope of helping poor children.��
A. gives up B. gives out C. takes off D. takes out��
【解】gives out“分发”；takes off “脱下‘起飞”；takes out“拿出”。根据上句Is he still raising money for charity?及答语Yes可知答案选A，意为“放弃”。
20. Candy told me that she used to be really shy and took up singing to deal with her shyness.凯迪告诉我她以前真的很害羞并且开始唱歌来应对她的害羞。这是由that引导的宾语从句。
①take up: 开始从事
【例句】Jack took up running for exercise to lose weight this month 杰克这个月在跑步锻炼来减肥。
take up的用法
(1) 占，占地方 That big table takes up too much room. 那张大桌子占的地方太大了。
Learning English takes up a lot of my time. 学英语占了我许多时间。
(2) 开始从事 We took up physical chemistry at college. 在大学我们选学了物理化学课。 (3) 讨论 discuss
We will take the next lesson up tomorrow. 我们明天将要讨论下一课。
(4) 从事；经手 The teacher took up the lesson where she stopped. 老师从昨天留下的部分开始讲。
(5) 让乘客上车；接纳 The bus stopped to take up the students.
公共汽车停下来，让这些学生上车。 ―What’s yo