英语口语：盘点各国圣诞节庆祝方式.doc

英语口语：盘点各国圣诞节庆祝方式 Finland 芬兰 Finnish people honor their departed loved ones on Christmas Eve by visiting the cemeteries and leaving candles on the graves of their family members. If they live too far away to visit their loved ones graves, most graveyards have an area you can light a candle to remember those buried in other cemeteries. The soft snow and gentle glow of the candles make graveyards a very beautiful place to visit on Christmas Eve。 芬兰人会在圣诞节去墓地，并在他们家人的墓地上留下点燃的蜡烛，以此来怀念他们过世的亲人。如果他们住的太远，没办法去亲人的墓地，绝大部分墓地上都会有一个区域供他们怀念在其他墓地上安息的亲人们。柔软的积雪和轻柔的烛光让墓地成了一个的漂亮的平安夜拜访地。 Spain 西班牙 Spains celebrations vary greatly depending on the region. In the Basque regions, the Santa role is filled by Olentzero, a fat man in a beret who smokes a pipe. He used to be an enforcer against naughty children who was said to throw a sickle down the chimney to cut the throats of kids who didnt sleep. Nowadays though, he is a positive character like Santa that only brings good presents。 西班牙的庆祝风俗不同地区大不相同。在斯巴达地区，圣诞老人名叫奥林泽罗(Olentzero)，是一个戴着四角帽、抽着大烟斗的胖老人。他过去的职责是惩罚淘气包，据说他会从烟囱里扔下镰刀，切断不睡觉的小孩的喉咙。但如今，他是像圣诞老人那样只带来好礼物的正面形象。 In the Catalan region, families “feed” a little log called a “Caga tio” every night from the 8th to the 23rd. On Christmas Eve, the family hits the log with a stick to release sweet treats that have been hidden in his hollow center. If you hadnt guessed yet, “Caga tio” translates to “pooping log。” 在加泰罗尼亚地区，人们会从12月8号到23号一直“喂食”一块叫“察加蒂奥”(Caga tio)的原木。在平安夜，他们会用棍子敲这块原木，让藏在中空的木头中的糖果掉出来。如果你还未猜出“察加蒂奥”什么意思，它字面翻译就是“排便原木”。 The celebration ends when the log poops out something decidedly not sweet, usually a dried herring, an onion or a head of garlic. Catalans must enjoy poop jokes because aside from their pooping log, they also celebrate with a “Caganer,” a nativity scene character that is seen to be pooping in the corner of the scene。 庆祝活动的结尾就是“原木排出不甜的东西，往往是干鲱鱼、洋葱或蒜头”。加泰罗尼亚人一定很享受“大便”笑话，因为除了“排便原木”，他们还庆祝一个基督诞生场景中的人物(Caganer)，据说他被看到在场景的一角拉大便。 Italy 意大利 In Italy, there is no Santa, but instead there a woman called a Befana that performs the general duties of Saint Nick. The story is that the three wise men stopped during their travels and asked a woman for food and shelter. She said no, but later realized her mistake when it was too late. She now travels the earth looking for the baby Jesus and on January 6th, she leaves kids a sock filled with candy or a lump of coal。 意大利没有圣诞老人，但有一个叫贝法娜(Befana)的女巫，她履行圣诞老人一般的职责。据说从前有三位智者在旅行中请求一位女士给些吃的，并能让他们留宿，但女士拒绝了。她接着意识到了自己的错误，但这已经太晚了。如今她环游世界，寻找婴孩时的耶稣，并会在1月6号给孩子们留下装满糖果或煤块的袜子。 Greece 希腊 Residents will fill a shallow bowl with water and then tie wire with a wooden cross and a sprig of basil over the bowl. Once a day the cross and basil are dipped into holy water, which is then sprinkled through the house. This ceremony is used to keep out goblins, known as Killikantzaroi out of the house。 希腊人会将一只浅碗灌满水，然后用金属丝把一个木制十字架和罗勒小枝系在碗上。每天都要把十字架和罗勒枝浸到圣水中，然后满屋撒圣水。这个礼节是用来防止小妖精(Killikantzaroi)进屋。 These mischievous goblins that come from the center of the earth only appear during the twelve days of Christmas. While bratty, theyre not really evil and tend to do bratty things like souring milk and extinguishing fires. Because they are said to enter the house through the fireplace, fires are left burning all day and night during this time of year。 这些爱恶作剧的小妖精来自地球的中心，只在圣诞这十二天出现。它们虽然讨厌，但不是真正的恶魔，仅仅会做讨厌的事情，例如撒出牛奶和熄灭炉火。据说它们是从房子的壁炉进来的，所以希腊人在圣诞期间白天和夜晚都会燃着炉火。 France 法国 Children of East France have an evil visitor to keep them behaving all year long. Le Pere Fouettard, which translates into “The Whipping Father,” accompanies Saint Nicolas in on December 6. While St. Nick gives good children presents, Le Pere Fouettard gives coal and whippings to the naughty children。 法国东部的孩子们有个邪恶的造访者，他叫“鞭子老爹”(Le Pere Fouettard)，确保孩子们一整年都表现乖巧。圣诞老人12月6号给孩子分发礼物时，他也陪伴左右。“鞭子老爹”会给淘气的孩子煤块和一顿鞭子。 One of the most popular origin stories of the character say that he was a greedy inn keeper who killed three rich boys on their way to boarding school. In many versions of the story, he even eats the children. Whether or not he cannibalizes the boys, the story ends when Saint Nick finds out and resurrects the children and forces Le Pere Fouettard to act as his servant throughout time。 关于“鞭子老爹”这个人物的起源，最流行的一个版本是说，他是一个贪婪的旅馆老板，在三个富男孩上学路上把他们杀了。很多其他版本甚至流传他吃小孩。故事的结局是圣诞老人找到并救出了孩子们，还迫使“鞭子老爹”永世做他的仆人。 Aside from The Whipping Father, another popular French tradition involves making a cake that looks like a traditional Yule log, known as buche de Noel. Christmas trees never really caught on in the country and while most people dont have any use for an actual Yule log, the cake is a fun and festive substitute. Some of the buche de Nol can get fairly elaborate and even involve meringue mushrooms and edible flower decorations。 除了“鞭子老爹”的故事，法国圣诞还有一个传统是做“圣诞柴蛋糕”。其实圣诞树从未风靡全法国。虽然圣诞柴对法国人来说没什么实际用途，但这个蛋糕代表了人们的愉快和节日的喜庆。有些“圣诞柴蛋糕”做得相当精致，甚至有蛋白酥皮小蘑菇和能吃的花朵装饰品。 Germany 德国 Belsnickel is the German Santas dark enforcer, but hes not nearly as evil as Krumpus or The Whipping Father. Instead he just wears fur from head to toe and gives good girls and boys candy and bad children coal and switches。 贝尔森克(Belsnickel)是德国圣诞老人的惩罚执行者，但他没克拉普斯或鞭子老爹那么邪恶。他从头到脚穿着毛皮，给好孩子们发糖果，给坏孩子们煤块和一顿鞭子。 Many are decorated with a wreath known as an “Adventskranz。” These wreaths have four candles which serve as a sort of weekly advent calendar, as each Sunday marks the opportunity to light a new candle。 很多地方都装饰有“降临节花环”(Adventskranz)。花环上有四只蜡烛，代表着降临节周历。每周日都点燃一只蜡烛。四只都被点燃时就意味着圣诞节到了。 On December 21, St. Thomas Day is believed to be the shortest day of the year and anyone who arrives late to work is called a “Thomas Donkey。” They are also given a cardboard donkey and made fun of throughout the rest of the day。 12月21日是“圣托马斯日”(St. Thomas Day)，据说是一年中最短的一天。任何在这个天上班迟到的人都被叫做“托马斯驴子”，他们还会收到一个纸板做的驴子，并且被嘲笑一整天。 Like many places in Europe, the Christmas tree is kept secret from the children until Christmas Eve. The parents bring the tree in, decorate it with candies, tinsel, lights and toys, put presents and plates of candy treats under the tree and then ring a bell signaling that the children can enter. The children then get to eat snacks and the whole family opens presents。 跟欧洲很多地方一样，在德国，圣诞树直到平安夜才能让孩子们看到。父母们把圣诞树拉出来，装饰上蜡烛、金属亮片、彩灯和玩具，把礼物和一碟碟的糖果放在树下，然后摇一下铃，表示孩子们能够进来了。小孩子们便能够吃小吃，全家一起打开礼物。 【拓展阅读】 英文中，如何回应“赞美”？ 欣然接受型： Thank you, thats very kind of you to say so! 谢谢您!谢谢您能这么说。 Im glad I could do this. 很开心我能做到。 I really appreciate you noticing that. No one ever has before. 感谢您看到了这个点。之前没有人注意过我。 谦虚谨慎型： Im flattered. 您过奖了。 Oh no, not really! 哦!不敢当!不敢当! It wasnt all my work. Sandy gave me a lot help. 不全是我的功劳，桑迪给了我很多协助。 礼尚往来型： Oh, thanks very much! You look very nice too. 太谢谢了。你看上去也不错。 Thank you. Youre looking very smart as usual 谢谢，你看上去和平时一样时髦