英语语法第一轮复习---数词.doc

Unit 4 数词
知识要点：
1．掌握基数词、序数词、分数词、倍数、百分数、年月日、钟点、年龄、序号的基本用法。
2．掌握不定数量词、约数词的表达方法。
（一）基数词：表示数目的词为基数词，它的构成如下表：
范 围
特 点
实 例
1~12
无规律
one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve
13~19
以teen为结尾
thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen
20~90
以ty结尾
twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety
21~99
十位与个位之间要加连字符 “-”
twenty-five, sixty-five, ninety-nine
101~999
百位与十位之间通常用and
three hundred and twenty-five（美语中常将and省略）
千以上

6275—six thousand two hundred and seventy-five；1200—twelve hundred
（二）序数词：表示顺序的数词为序数词，它的构成如下表：
范 围
特 点
实 例

1~19
各基数词尾加th
其中七个例外：first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth, 其余，如：four — forth, six — sixth, nineteen — nineteenth

20,30~90
把y变i后加eth
twentieth, fortieth, ninetieth

21以后多位数
最后一个数用序数词，其余用基数词
21st — twenty-first, 110th — one hundred and tenth

（三）、分数的表达方式
（1）分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于1时，分母用复数。如：one-third三分之一，three-sevenths七分之三。
（2）分子与分母之间加in, 分子在前，分母在后，分子分母都用基数词。如：one in ten 十分之一，five in eight八分之五。
（3）分子与分母之间加out of , 分子在前，分母在后，分子分母都用基数词。如：one out of ten十分之一，five out of eight八分之五。
（四）、百分数和小数的的表示法
（1）表示百分数直接将数词放在单词percent前面即可，如：twenty percent百分之二十。
（2）分数和百分数后面不能直接接名词或代词，而用以下形式：分数/百分数 ＋of + 冠词 / 限定词 + 名词 / 代词 ，其谓语动词与of后的名词在人称和数上保持一致，如：
Two-thirds of the money was spent on food.
About seventy percent of the earth surface is covered by water.
（3）小数的表示法，小数点前的总值发同其他数词一样，小数点用point,小数点后面的数读成个位数，如：9.65表示为nine point six five。218.39表示为two hundred and eighteen point three nine。
（五）数词的用法：
1.英语中年月日、点钟、序数词、分数词、算式列表
示例
英语表示法
2001．6．30
June 30,2001 30June,2001 30thJune, 2001
7：25
seven twenty-five twenty-five past even
12:54
twelve fifty four six to one
9:15
nine fifteen a quarter past nine
2:30
two thirty half past two
21:50
twenty-one fifty 9:50p.m.
第21
twenty-first
第123
one hundred and twenty-third

a half

two and two-fifths
20%
20 per cent 20 percent
第七路公共汽车
Bus Number Seven
第201房间
Room 201
人民路153号
153 Renmin Road
4+8 =12
Four plus eight is twelve
11-7=4
Eleven minus seven is four.
6×5=30
Six times five is thirty.
20÷5=4
twenty divided by five is four.
A＞B
A is more than B.
A＜B
A is less than B.
A≈B
A is approximately (近似地, 大约)equals to B.
A≠B
A is not equal to B.
2.约数表示法列表
含义
英语表达
例句
大于某数
more than
He has lived here for more than twenty years.

over
she is over fifty.

or more
There 're thirty people or more in the meeting-room.
小于某数
less than
I have less than (not more than )fifty dollars.

under
Children under seven are not allowed to enter.

below
He would not sell it for below a hundred fifty dollars.

or less
The coat might cost him sixty dollars or less.
大约（某数）
nearly
She is nearly fifty now.

almost
Its almost three o'clock.

up to
Up to ten men can sleep in this tent.

or
He spent four or five days writing the article.

or so
The distance is twenty miles or so.

about
I visited that village about three years ago.

some
Their team has some four or five players.

more or less
The container can hold more or less twenty pounds of water.

around/round
Let's make it round/around eight o'clock.
3.不定数量词“多”的表示法列表
被修饰名词的数
英语表达
汉译
修饰可数名词
dozens of
几十、许多

scores of
许多

many, a good(great) many, many a (饰单数可数名词)
许多、大量

hundreds of
数以百计

thousands of ,thousands upon thousands of
成千上万

millions of
数百万

billions of
亿万
修饰不可数名词
much , a great (good)deal of ,
a large amount of ,large amounts of
许多、大量
修饰可数名词或不可数名词
a lot of /lots of ,plenty of, 　　a large quantity of ,
large quantities of
许多、大量

4、序号表示法
（1）单纯的序号，可在基数词前加number,简写为No.。如：No.1第一号
（2）事物名词的序号表达法有什所不同：
①对于一些小序号可有序数词也可用基数词表达，形式分别为：the +
序数词 + 名词；名词 + 基数词。如：第一次世界大战可以表示为the First World War或World War One。
②对于一些大序号我们通常只用一种表达法，即名词 + 数词。如：501号房间表示为Room 501, 538路公共汽车表示为Bus 538。
③可用a / the + number + 基数词 + 名词。如：a No.5 bus一辆五路公共汽车，the No.8 bus那辆8路公共汽车。
5、倍数的表达方式 一般情况下我们用以下三种倍数表达方式：
（1）倍数用在as + 形容词 / 副词（原级）+ as结构之前。如：
They have three times as many cows as we do.
（2）倍数放在形容词或副词的比较级之前.
This rope is four times longer thanthat one.
（3）倍数用在表示度量名词前，其基本结构为：倍数 + the + size / length / weight … + of + 表示比较对象的名词如：This room is three times the size of that one.
You can’t imagine that rats eat 40 to 50 times their weight.
注意：用ten、dozen、score、hundred、thousand、million等数词的复数后加of短语来表示几十、几百、上千、成千上万等大约数概念。The little boy buys dozens of pencils every term.
dozen、score、hundred、thousand、million作数词表示确切数量时，不用复数。如：three score, five dozen, seven million等。

例题：1. ____________ people in the world are sending information by E-mail every day.
A.Several million B.Many millions C.Several millions D.Many million
2. The number of people invited _____fifty, but a number of them ______absent for different reasons.
A.were ; was B.was ; was C.was ; were D.were ; were
3. Shortly after the accident, two ___________ police were sent to the sport to keep order .(NMET 92)
A.dozens of B.dozens C.dozen D.dozen of

数 词 练 习
1. Two __died of cold last winter.
A. hundreds old people B. hundred old people
C. hundreds old peoples D. hundred old peoples
2. He was only in__ at the time.
A. his 20's B. the 20's C. his twenties D. the twenties
3. The two great men wrote those letters in__ .
　　A. 1870's B. 1879s C. the 1870's D. the 1870
4. I wonder if I can ask him__ time.
　 A. four B. fourth C. the fourth D. a fourth
5. He came out__ in the track events.
　 A. first B. one C. the first D. the one
6. It was in 1939 that __broke out.
　 A. World War Second B. the World War Second　 C. Second World War D. World War II
7. You'll have to spend __writing your report here.
　 A. one day or two days B. one day or two 　C. a day or two D. two days or one
8. He cut the cake__ .
　 A. in halves B. in half C. into halves D. into half
9. The earth is nearly__ the moon.
　 A. 50 time the size of B. 50 times the size of C. 50 times as size as D. 50 times as that of
10. Either you or the headmaster __the prizes for these gifted students at the meeting.
　 A. is handing in B. are to hand out 　 C. are handing in D. is to hand out
11. __of the population here are peasants.
　 A. 20 percents B. 20 percent C. the 20 percent D. the 20 percents
12. It's about__ , the thickness of a human hair.
　 A. two-fifteenth B. two-fifteenths C. two fifteen D. two fifteens
13. The price of such material was reduced__ .
　 A. by 18 percent B. to 18 percent C. at 18 percent D. for 18 percent
14. South of the equator, 81 percent of the surface of the earth__ water.
　 A. is B. are C. was D. were
15. They sold __boxes of such sweets last week.
　 A. four dozen B. four dozens C. four dozens of D. four dozen of
16. It took me __ days to finish drawing a beautiful horse.
　 A. a half dozen B. half a dozen C. haft dozens D. half dozen
17.__people were sent there to help fight against the flood.
　 A. Three scores of B. Three score of C. Three score D. Three scores
18. Don't leave you work,__ .
　 A. done half B. half done C. a half done D. done a half
19. Nobody can do two things well __ .
　A. at one time B. at once C. one time D. once
20. He has__ books in his study.
　 A. several thousands B. some thousands of C. some thousands D. some thousand of
21. On National day__ people take part in all kinds of celebration.
　 A. hundreds of millions of　　 B. millions of hundred of
　 C. hundreds millions of　　　 D. millions hundreds of
22. He has lived at__ for 30 years.
　 A. No. 101 Heping Street　B. 101 Heping Street C. Heping Street 101 D. Heping street No. 101
23. You can find him in__ .
　 A. Room 201　　 B.201 Room　　 C. the Room 20　　D. the 201 Room
24. It's__ walk from here to my school.
　 A. two - hours　　 B. two hours　　 C. two - hour　　 D. a two - hour
25. It was in__ when he was already in ___ that he went to Yan'an.
　 A. the 1940s, the 40s　B. the 1940s, his forties C. 1940's, his forties 　 D. the 1940's, his 40s
26. He went to the market and bought __eggs and some meat.
　 A. three dozen of B. three dozen C. three dozens 　 D. three dozens of
27.Shortly after the accident two ___police were sent to the spot to keep order.
　 A. dozen of　 B. dozens 　 C. dozen 　 D. dozens of
28.Mr Smith ___me to buy several __eggs for the dinner.
A. asked, dozen 　 B. suggested, dozens of C. had, dozen 　D. persuaded, dozens of
29.____of the land in that district ___covered with trees and grass.
　 A. Two fifth, is B. Two fifth, are C. Two fifths , is 　D. Two fifths, are
30.Two ___died of cold last winter.
　 A. hundreds old people 　 B. hundred old people
C. hundred old peoples　 D. hundred old peoples
31.It is not rare in ___that people in ____fifties are going to university for further education.
　　A.90s,the　 B. the 90s, / 　　 C.90s, their 　 D. the 90s, their
32.-Have you seen many sheep in the distance ? 　 -Yes, ___.
　　A. thousand of them　 B. two thousands of them
　　C. two thousand of them 　 D. two thousand them

精典名题导解
1.解析：答案为A。本题考查的是million表示确切数量的用法。million前需用数表确切数量，而不用many这类词，但可说many millions of（上百万的），故本题中用Several million。
2.解析：答案为C。本题考查的是the number of + 名词与a number of + 名词作主语时谓语的单复数问题。the number of是“……的数目”，作主语时谓语动词用单数，而a number of 后接可数名词的复数形式，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式，故此题最佳选项为C。
3.解析：答案为C。此题考查的是数词dozen表示确切数量时的用法，dozen表示确切数量时用其单数形式，当dozens的复数后接of时则表示不确切数量，本题答案为C。
数 词 练 习 题 答 案
1．B 2. C 表示"几十"的数字的复数与所有格代词一起来用以表示人的年龄，本句为"二十多岁"。
3．C 定冠词"the"和数的复数形式在一起表示年代。
4．D 序数词前面加不定冠词表示"又一次"(已经四次了)
5．A 这里"first"有人说起副词作用，可以看成表语，也可以看做一种"取得第一名"的习惯用法。
6．D 序数词和名词共同构成的专有名词还可以是thc Second World War的形式。
7．C 只有C项为正确的表达方式，或者也可以写成"one or two days"．再如：one hour and a half或one and a half hours．
8．B "in half"表示"分成一样大小的两半"。也可以说"cut…in two"
9．B 再如twice the height(depth，width，weight，etc．)of
10．D either…or…连接主语用就近原则。be to hand out the prizes意为"要颁发奖品"。
11．答案为B。百分比作修饰语，前面不加冠词且不能加复数。
12．答案为B。分数做定语，分子用基数词，分母为序数词，当分子大于1时，分母用复数，本题中，其它表达方式均不正确。
13．答案为A。表增加或减少的数量的百分比，用by+百分数表示。
14．答案为A。不可数的名词的百分比用单数；可数名词的百分比则用复数。C项时态不对，另如：90 percent of the population here are peasents．这个句子中population的意思是people．
15．答案为A。"dozen"与数词或many，several等词连用时复数一般不加s，故B、C两项不选。此外，dozen与数词连用做定语，一般也不加of．当然也有例外：Place them in dozens on the table．dozens表数量很多。Two dozen of these are wanted．dozen后面有of因为有限定词these，the等。Dozens of people were here．dozens of也表示"很多"。
16．答案为B。"半打"的表达方式一定要用"hall a dozen"。
17．答案为B。score做定语修饰名词用a(three)score of，而不用复数形式；常用"scores of"为其复数形式，意为"大量"，但有：three score and ten，a score or more
18．答案为B。"hall"起副词作用，修饰过去分词"done"，因为这个过去分词表状态，故"half"应在"done"前。再如：well done，well known，不用a half修饰done，故不选C、B两项。
19．B意为"同时"，不是"立刻"。
20．B
2l．A 如：tens of thousands of(小数在前，大数在后)thousands and thousands of(两数一样大)。
22．B 居住的门牌号用介词at+号数+街道名"。
23．A
24．答案为D。"walk"作为名词，常与不定冠词连用。注意：在表数量的合成词中，名词部分为单数，如：a two-year-old boy．
25．答案为B。"在20世纪40年代"，必须有定冠词"the"．此外，年代后要加's或s。"他已经40多岁了"要用in his forties。
26．答案为B。dozen与数词或多或少several, many连用时，复数不加s。dozens of表示数量很多，在修饰有these，the等词限定的名词时，可用dozen of的形式。如：three dozen of these eggs.
27.C 28.A 29.C 30.B 31.D 32.C

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