初中英语主谓一致的用法及专项练习题带答案解析.doc

初中英语主谓一致的用法及专项练习题
一、主谓一致三原则
主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致,主谓一致必须遵循三原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则,就近一致原则。
1. 语法一致原则:指主语是单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式,主语是复数形式,谓语也用复数形式。
Tom is a good student. 汤姆是个好学生。
They often play football on the playground. 他们经常在操场上踢足球。
2. 意义一致:指主语形式上为单数,但意义为复数,因此谓语动词用复数形式;或主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义,这是谓语动词用单数形式。
My family is having lunch now. 我们一家人现在正吃午饭。
My family has moved three times.我们家搬过3次。
3. 就近一致:指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式,取决于最靠近他的主语。例如:
Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.
不仅老师喜欢踢足球,而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。
There is a pen and some books on the desk. 课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。
二、主谓一致常考题型
1. 单数名词(代词,不可数名词作主语时,谓语用单数形式,复数名词(代词作主语,谓语用复数形式。
The desk is Tom’s. 这张桌子是汤姆的。
Some water is in the bottle. 一些水在瓶子里。
The students are playing football on the playground.
这些学生正在操场上踢足球。
2. many a+单数名词作主语,意义虽为“许多”,但谓语要用单数形式。
Many a student has been to Shanghai. 许多学生到过上海。
3. more than one+单数名词作主语,谓语用单数。
More than one student has ever been to Beijing. 不止一个学生曾经去过北京。
4. 表示时间,价格,重量,数目,长度,数学运算等的词或短语作主语时,这些通常作一个整体概念,谓语用单数形式。例如:
Two months is a long holiday. 两个月是一个长假。
Twenty pounds isn’t so heavy. 20英镑并不太重。
Te n miles isn’t a long distance. 10英里并不是一段很长的距离。
Five minus four is one. 5减4等于1。
但是,如果时间,距离,价格,度量衡的服饰名词与pass,go by,waste,use,spend 等词连用时,谓语动词用复数,如:
Five years has passed since I joined the Party.我入党5年了。
5. 主语是each/every+单数名词+and(each/every+单数名词时,谓语动词用单数。
Each boy and each girl has got a seat. 每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。
Every man and every woman is at work. 每个男人和女人都在工作。
6. one and a half+复数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。
One and a half hours is enough. 一个半小时足够了。
7. 一个动词不定式,动名词,主语从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.
做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。
两个动词不定式,动名词,主语从句作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
What he says and what he does do not agree.他言行不一。
Swimming in summer and skating in winter are his great pleasure.夏游泳,冬滑雪是他最大的乐趣。
8. a/an+单数名词+or two 作主语,谓语动词用单数。
A student or two has failed the exam. 一两个学生考试不及格。
比较:
one or two +复数名词作主语时,谓语动词用用复数。
One or two students were planting trees yesterday afternoon.昨天下午有一两个学生在种树。
9. 当主语部分含有with, together with, along with, as well as, as much
as,including,besides, except, but, in addition to,like,rather than等介词或介词短语时,谓语动词的单复数形式通常由句首主语来决定,在这样的句子里,这些词所引导的词组不影响主语自身的单复数形式,它们在句子中其实是状语。
Mike with his parents has been to England. 迈克同他的父母去过英格兰。
Mike'sparents withMike has been to England. 迈克父母同迈克去过英格兰。
10. 由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时,一般用复数形式,但是
(1如果and所连接的并列主语是同一个人,事物,或概念时,谓语动词用单数。这时,名词虽由and连接,但只有一个限定词:a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词,指的是同一个人或物,两个限定词:a/the+单数名词+and a/the+单数名词,指两个人或物。
The writer and teacher is coming.
那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人
The writer and the teacher are coming.
作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人
(2两个单数名词用and连接表示不可分割的整体做主语时,位于用单数,如:
Bread and butter is their daily food.面包和黄油是他们的日常食物。
这类词常见有:
war and peace iron and steel
truth and honesty a knife and fork
(3在each...and each,every ...and every,no ...and no,many a ...and many a等and 链接并列单数主语的结构中,谓语动词用单数。
Every man and every woman has work.每个男人和女人都有工作。
No sound and no voiceis heard for a long while.很长时间没有听到一点儿声音。
11. people, police等集体名词作主语,谓语动词用复数形式,family, class, group, team等集体名词作主语,若指一个整体时,谓语动词用单数形式,若指一个具体成员时,谓语动词复数形式。
People here are very friendly. 这儿的人很友好。
His family isn’t large. 他家的人不多。
My family all like watching TV. 我们一家人都喜欢看电视。
12. 不定代词somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing作主语,谓语动词用单数。
Is everyone here today. 今天大家到齐了吗?
Something is wrong with him. 他有毛病。
Nobody was in. 没有人在家。
13. each, either, neither, another, the other 作主语,谓语动词用单数。
Each of them has an English dictionary. 他们每人都有一本英语词典。
Neither answer is correct. 两个答案都不正确。
14. 以—s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义,谓语通常用单数形式,如news, maths, physics等,
No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。
Maths is very popular in our class 在我们班数学很受欢迎。
15. 由both…and…连接两个单数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;由or, either…or…,neither…nor…,not only…but also…,not…but…,连接两个名词或代词作主语时,根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。
Either my wife or I am going.
Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else knows the answer.
Not only you but also he is ready to leave.
如果either, each, neither作主语,则动词为单数形式。
Each of us has his likes and dislikes.
Neither of the books is very interesting.
16. 如果主语是由“a series of, a kind of, a portion of等+名词”构成时,动词一般用单数形式。
A series of pre-recorded taps has been prepared for language laboratory use.
但a variety of, a number of, a group of +名词复数,动词要用复数形式; 而the number of/the variety of +复数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数。
On exhibition there are a great variety of consumer goods.
The number of the students is over eight hundred
17. 以here,there开头的句子,若主语在两个或两个以上,谓语动词通常与临近的主语一致。
There is a book and three pens on the desk.
Here are some books and paper for you.
18. the+形容词表示一类人时,谓语动词用复数形式,表示抽象概念时,用单数形式。
The poor are very happy, but the rich are sad.
The beautiful lives forever. 美是永存的。
19.one and a half+复数名词作主语时,其谓语用单数形式
One and a half bananas is left on table.桌子上还有一根半香蕉。
20.what引导的主语从句,当它表示复数意义时,位于动词用复数。
What he wanted are some books.他想要的只是几本书。
21.两个形容词共同修饰一个单数名词,若两个形容词都带有冠词,作主语时,谓语用复数;若只有一个冠词是,表示一个人或物,谓语动词用单数。
The red and the white coat are mine.
The black and white cow is mine.
22.由两部分构成的物体:shoes,glasses,trousers,gloves,scissors
等复数名词作主语时,谓语用复数。
His black trousers are too long.他的那条黑色裤子太长了。
但是,若这类名词与a pair连用时,谓语动词一般用单数。
There is a pair of glasses on your bed.你的床上有衣服眼镜。
23.a kind of ,this kind of ,many kinds of+名词和名词+of this kind 以及由kind 意思相似的type,sort等构成的的类似的短语作主语时,谓语动词与of 前面的名词保持一致,如:
A new type of machine is on sale now.
Machines of this new type are made in Zhejiang.
This kind of apples is highly priced.
注意:如果种类不是一种而是多种,谓语动词应为复数。
There are many kinds of pearsin shops.
24.主语由肯定及否定两部分构成时,谓语和肯定部分一致。
Not you but I am to answer for it.
三、肯定与否定一致
下列形容词、副词、代词从肯定句变成否定句时须作相应的变化。
We've had some (money.→ We haven't had any (money.
I was talking to someone.→ I wasn't talking to anyone.
They sometimes visit us.→ They rarely (never, seldom v isit us.
He has arrived already. → He hasn't arrived yet.
Li is coming too.→ Li isn't coming either.
Both of us are going.→ Neither of us is going.
He likes both of them.→ He doesn't like either of them.
注意:so/neither+助动词+名词/代词结构中须用倒装语序。
My wife likes classic music very much and so do I.
She doesn't like jazz and neither do I.
主谓一致专项练习题
1. Either Jane or Steven _____ watching TV now.
A. were
B. is
C. was
D. are
2. Two days _______enough for me to finish the work, I need a third day.
A. isn’t
B. is
C. aren’t
D. are
3. —How many lessons do you usually have a day?
—Six lessons a day. And each of then _____45 minutes.
A. last
B. lasts
C. have
D. are
4. Neither Li Ping nor I _______a basketball player.
A. am
B. is
C. be
D. are
5. There ______ many new words in lesson one, It is very easy.
A. is
B. aren’t
C. isn’t
D. are
6. The number of the students in our school ____1200.
A. is
B. are
C. has
D. have
7. Maths _______ my favorite subject.
A. be
B. is
C. am
D. are
8. The boy with the two dogs _____ when the earthquake rocked the city.
A. were sleeping
B. is sleeping
C. was sleeping
D. are sleeping
9. Every one except Tom and John _____there when the meeting began.
A. are
B. is
C. were
D. was
10. That place is not interesting at all, ____of us wants to go there.
A. Neither
B. Both
C. All
D. Some
11. Nobody but Jane _____ the secret.
A. know
B. knows
C. have know
D. is
12. —What’s on the plate? Some eggs and cakes on it?
—There _____some eggs and cakes on it.
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
13. This pair of glasses ______mine.
A. are
B. be
C. is
D. will be
14. Both Lily and Lucy ______ to the party yesterday.
A. invited
B. was invited
C. had invited
D. were invited
15. —Two months ______quite a long time.
—Yes, I’m afraid that he will miss lots of his lessons.
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
16. In the city the old _______.
A. take good care of
B. are taken good care of
C. is taken good care of
D. are been taken good care of
17. His family _____all very kind and friendly, His family ______a happy one.
A. are, is
B. is, is
C. are, are
D. is, are
18. The singer and the dancer _____come to Beijing.
A. has
B. have
C. are
D. is
19. The children in this class each _____new school bag.
A. have
B. has
C. has got
D. are having
20. All but one _____ here just now.
A. is
B. was
C. has been
D. were
21. If Bob's wife won't agree to go on holiday in winter, _____________.
A. neither he will
B. neither won't he
C. neither will he
D. he won't neither
22. I haven't finished my homework yet. ______________.
A. so has he
B. Neither he has
C. He has too
D. He hasn't either
23. “I'm going to visit the Lu Gou Bridge tomorrow.” “ ________.”
A. I am so
B. So am I
C. So go I
D. So I go
24. You as well as he ________ to blame(责备 for the accident (交通事故.
A. are
B. is
C. have
D. has
25. Neither my wife nor I myself _______able to teach my daughter to sing English songs.
A. has been
B. is
C. are
D. am
主谓一致练习题参考答案
(1.B (2. A (3. B (4. A (5. B (6. A (7. B (8. C (9. D (10.
A (11.
B (12.B (13.
C (14
D . (15.A (16.B (17.A (18.B (19.A (20 D (21.C (22. D (23. B (24. A (25. D
主谓一致练习题2
Ⅰ. 从所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。
( 1. Collecting stamps _____ my hobby.
A. is
B. are
C. has
D. have
( 2. The lady with her little son _____ walking along the lake now.
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
( 3. Both of the twin girls _____ wearing red clothes today.
A. is
B. are
C. want
D. wants
( 4. Each of the students _____ a Walkman.
A. have
B. has
C. there is
D. there are
( 5. All of my money _____ stolen last night.
A. is
B. was
C. has
D. have
( 6. The police _____ for the robbers now.
A. is searching
B. are searching
C. is searched
D. are searched
( 7. Half of the students _____ from abroad.
A. is
B. are
C. comes
D. has come
( 8. Two kilometers _____ a long way. You’d better take a taxi.
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
( 9. Most of the country _____ grassland.
A. there are
B. there is
C. are
D. is
( 10. What I have told you _____ a secret. Please don’t tell others.
A. are
B. is
C. keep
D. keeps
( 11. Not only you but also he _____ the exam.
A. was passed
B. has passed
C. had passed
D. is passed
( 12. This pair of glasses _____ me well.
A. fit
B. fits
C. have fitted
D. is fitted
( 13. Physics _____ a course that every student must take.
A. have
B. has
C. is
D. are
( 14. Who _____ the two women talking over there?
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. be
( 15. Every boy and every girl _____ in new clothes today.
A. is
B. are
C. wear
D. dresses
( 16. Chinese _____ by the largest number of people.
A. is speaking
B. speak
C. speaks
D. is spoken
( 17. A letter sent between computers _____ called an e-mail.
A. are
B. is
C. have
D. has
( 18. The population of this town _____ 300, 000.
A. are
B. is
C. have
D. has
( 19. —What _____ the number of the workers in the factory?
—Two thousand. And a large number of them _____ women.
A. is; is
B. is; are
C. are; is
D. are; are
( 20. —_____ this pair of shoes yours?
—No. My shoes _____ under the bed.
A. Is; is
B. Are; are
C. Is; are
D. Are; is
( 21. In the city the old _____.
A. take good care of
B. are taken good care of
C. is taken good care of
D. takes good care of
( 22. The Greens _____ getting ready for their journey.
A. is
B. prepare
C. prepares
D. are
( 23. The musician and writer _____ to visit our school.
A. is coming
B. are coming
C. enjoys
D. enjoy
( 24. None of the money _____ his.
A. belong to
B. are
C. is
D. has
( 25. —Do you like watching cooking programmes on TV?
—No, I don’t, but my twin brother _____. He’s very fond of cooking.
A. does
B. do
C. is
D. are
( 26. Everyone except Tom and John _____ there when the meeting began.
A. are
B. is
C. were
D. was
( 27. We’ve got two TV sets, but _____ works well.
A. any
B. both
C. either
D. neither
( 28. The headmaster as well as all the teachers _____.
A. are having a meeting
B. have gone to the museum
C. is planting trees on the hill
D. feel very excited about the prize
( 29. Two fifths of them _____ Young Pioneers.
A. is
B. are
C. join to
D. joins
( 30. The music they played _____ very wonderful.
A. is
B. sound
C. are
D. listens
( 31. _____ you _____ he is able to ski, but I am.
A. Both; and
B. Not only; but also
C. Either; or
D. Neither; nor
( 32. His family _____ all very kind and friendly. His family _____ a happy one.
A. are; is
B. is; is
C. are; are
D. is; are
( 33. —Do you need more time to finish the work?
—Yes, another ten days _____ enough.
A. are
B. is
C. were
D. was
( 34. How time flies! Ten years _____ passed.
A. have
B. has
C. is
D. are
( 35. This pair of jeans _____ Tina’s.
A. are
B. is
C. be
D. am
( 36. —How many classes do you usually have a day?
—Six classes a day. And each of them _____ 45 minutes.
A. last
B. lasts
C. have
D. are
( 37. Neither Li Ming nor I _____ a basketball player.
A. am
B. is
C. belong to
D. belongs to
( 38. There _____ many new words in lesson one. It is very easy.
A. is
B. aren’t
C. isn’t
D. are
( 39. Nobody but Jane _____ the secret.
A. know
B. knows
C. don’t know
D. have known
( 40. —What’s on the plate?
—There _____ some eggs and cakes on it.
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
( 41. All but one _____ here just now.
A. is
B. was
C. has been
D. were
( 42. Neither the teacher nor the students _____ in the classroom at that moment.
A. were
B. was
C. weren’t
D. wasn’t
( 43. There _____ enough food in the fridge. You have to buy some on your way
home.
A. isn’t
B. is
C. are
D. aren’t
( 44. She is the only one of the _____ writers who _____ stories for children.
A. woman; writes
B. woman; write
C. women; writes
D. women; write
( 45. I wonder if someone _____ going to take me home when the party is over.
A. was
B. were
C. is
D. are
( 46. Here _____ some flowers and some money for you.
A. is
B. are
C. have
D. has
( 47. More than 70% of the earth _____ covered with water.
A. is
B. are
C. has
D. have
( 48. What you have done _____ necessary.
A. are
B. is
C. have
D. has
( 49. The class _____ enjoying the beautiful music now.
A. is all
B. all is
C. are all
D. all are
( 50. When and where to meet _____.
A. has discussed
B. have discussed
C. has been discussed
D. have been discussed
Ⅱ. 用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. You and I _________(be classmates.
2. Truth and honesty _________(be the best policy.
3. This news _________(be interesting.
4. To say something _________(be one thing; to do it _________(be another.
5. The police _________(be looking for a lost boy.
6. There _________(be two glasses of tea on the table.
7. Two-fifths of the water in the river _________(be polluted.
8. Only one of the students _________(be late last week.
9. Nobody but Ann and Billy _________(be in our classroom yesterday.
10. Between the two buildings _________(stand a hospital.
Key:
Ⅰ. 1-5 AABBB 6-10 BBADB 11-15 BBCBA
16-20 DBBBC 21-25 BDACA 26-30 DDCBA
31-35 DABBB 36-40 BABBB 41-45 DAACC