初中英语主谓一致的用法及专项练习题带答案解析.doc

初中英语主谓一致的用法及专项练习题一、主谓一致三原则主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致,主谓一致必须遵循三原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则,就近一致原则。1. 语法一致原则:指主语是单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式,主语是复数形式,谓语也用复数形式。Tom is a good student. 汤姆是个好学生。They often play football on the playground. 他们经常在操场上踢足球。2. 意义一致:指主语形式上为单数,但意义为复数,因此谓语动词用复数形式;或主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义,这是谓语动词用单数形式。My family is having lunch now. 我们一家人现在正吃午饭。My family has moved three times.我们家搬过3次。3. 就近一致:指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式,取决于最靠近他的主语。例如:Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.不仅老师喜欢踢足球,而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。There is a pen and some books on the desk. 课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。二、主谓一致常考题型1. 单数名词(代词,不可数名词作主语时,谓语用单数形式,复数名词(代词作主语,谓语用复数形式。The desk is Toms. 这张桌子是汤姆的。Some water is in the bottle. 一些水在瓶子里。The students are playing football on the playground.这些学生正在操场上踢足球。2. many a+单数名词作主语,意义虽为“许多”,但谓语要用单数形式。Many a student has been to Shanghai. 许多学生到过上海。3. more than one+单数名词作主语,谓语用单数。More than one student has ever been to Beijing. 不止一个学生曾经去过北京。4. 表示时间,价格,重量,数目,长度,数学运算等的词或短语作主语时,这些通常作一个整体概念,谓语用单数形式。例如:Two months is a long holiday. 两个月是一个长假。Twenty pounds isnt so heavy. 20英镑并不太重。Te n miles isnt a long distance. 10英里并不是一段很长的距离。Five minus four is one. 5减4等于1。但是,如果时间,距离,价格,度量衡的服饰名词与pass,go by,waste,use,spend 等词连用时,谓语动词用复数,如:Five years has passed since I joined the Party.我入党5年了。5. 主语是each/every+单数名词+and(each/every+单数名词时,谓语动词用单数。Each boy and each girl has got a seat. 每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。Every man and every woman is at work. 每个男人和女人都在工作。6. one and a half+复数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。One and a half hours is enough. 一个半小时足够了。7. 一个动词不定式,动名词,主语从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。To see is to believe. 眼见为实。Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。两个动词不定式,动名词,主语从句作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。What he says and what he does do not agree.他言行不一。Swimming in summer and skating in winter are his great pleasure.夏游泳,冬滑雪是他最大的乐趣。8. a/an+单数名词+or two 作主语,谓语动词用单数。A student or two has failed the exam. 一两个学生考试不及格。比较:one or two +复数名词作主语时,谓语动词用用复数。One or two students were planting trees yesterday afternoon.昨天下午有一两个学生在种树。9. 当主语部分含有with, together with, along with, as well as, as muchas,including,besides, except, but, in addition to,like,rather than等介词或介词短语时,谓语动词的单复数形式通常由句首主语来决定,在这样的句子里,这些词所引导的词组不影响主语自身的单复数形式,它们在句子中其实是状语。Mike with his parents has been to England. 迈克同他的父母去过英格兰。Mikesparents withMike has been to England. 迈克父母同迈克去过英格兰。10. 由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时,一般用复数形式,但是(1如果and所连接的并列主语是同一个人,事物,或概念时,谓语动词用单数。这时,名词虽由and连接,但只有一个限定词:a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词,指的是同一个人或物,两个限定词:a/the+单数名词+and a/the+单数名词,指两个人或物。The writer and teacher is coming.那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人The writer and the teacher are coming.作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人(2两个单数名词用and连接表示不可分割的整体做主语时,位于用单数,如:Bread and butter is their daily food.面包和黄油是他们的日常食物。这类词常见有:war and peace iron and steeltruth and honesty a knife and fork(3在each.and each,every .and every,no .and no,many a .and many a等and 链接并列单数主语的结构中,谓语动词用单数。Every man and every woman has work.每个男人和女人都有工作。No sound and no voiceis heard for a long while.很长时间没有听到一点儿声音。11. people, police等集体名词作主语,谓语动词用复数形式,family, class, group, team等集体名词作主语,若指一个整体时,谓语动词用单数形式,若指一个具体成员时,谓语动词复数形式。People here are very friendly. 这儿的人很友好。His family isnt large. 他家的人不多。My family all like watching TV. 我们一家人都喜欢看电视。12. 不定代词somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing作主语,谓语动词用单数。Is everyone here today. 今天大家到齐了吗?Something is wrong with him. 他有毛病。Nobody was in. 没有人在家。13. each, either, neither, another, the other 作主语,谓语动词用单数。Each of them has an English dictionary. 他们每人都有一本英语词典。Neither answer is correct. 两个答案都不正确。14. 以s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义,谓语通常用单数形式,如news, maths, physics等,No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。Maths is very popular in our class 在我们班数学很受欢迎。15. 由bothand连接两个单数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;由or, eitheror,neithernor,not onlybut also,notbut,连接两个名词或代词作主语时,根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。Either my wife or I am going.Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else knows the answer.Not only you but also he is ready to leave.如果either, each, neither作主语,则动词为单数形式。Each of us has his likes and dislikes.Neither of the books is very interesting.16. 如果主语是由“a series of, a kind of, a portion of等+名词”构成时,动词一般用单数形式。A series of pre-recorded taps has been prepared for language laboratory use.但a variety of, a number of, a group of +名词复数,动词要用复数形式; 而the number of/the variety of +复数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数。On exhibition there are a great variety of consumer goods.The number of the students is over eight hundred17. 以here,there开头的句子,若主语在两个或两个以上,谓语动词通常与临近的主语一致。There is a book and three pens on the desk.Here are some books and paper for you.18. the+形容词表示一类人时,谓语动词用复数形式,表示抽象概念时,用单数形式。The poor are very happy, but the rich are sad.The beautiful lives forever. 美是永存的。19.one and a half+复数名词作主语时,其谓语用单数形式One and a half bananas is left on table.桌子上还有一根半香蕉。20.what引导的主语从句,当它表示复数意义时,位于动词用复数。What he wanted are some books.他想要的只是几本书。21.两个形容词共同修饰一个单数名词,若两个形容词都带有冠词,作主语时,谓语用复数;若只有一个冠词是,表示一个人或物,谓语动词用单数。The red and the white coat are mine.The black and white cow is mine.22.由两部分构成的物体:shoes,glasses,trousers,gloves,scissors等复数名词作主语时,谓语用复数。His black trousers are too long.他的那条黑色裤子太长了。但是,若这类名词与a pair连用时,谓语动词一般用单数。There is a pair of glasses on your bed.你的床上有衣服眼镜。23.a kind of ,this kind of ,many kinds of+名词和名词+of this kind 以及由kind 意思相似的type,sort等构成的的类似的短语作主语时,谓语动词与of 前面的名词保持一致,如:A new type of machine is on sale now.Machines of this new type are made in Zhejiang.This kind of apples is highly priced.注意:如果种类不是一种而是多种,谓语动词应为复数。There are many kinds of pearsin shops.24.主语由肯定及否定两部分构成时,谓语和肯定部分一致。Not you but I am to answer for it.三、肯定与否定一致下列形容词、副词、代词从肯定句变成否定句时须作相应的变化。Weve had some (money. We havent had any (money.I was talking to someone. I wasnt talking to anyone.They sometimes visit us. They rarely (never, seldom v isit us.He has arrived already. He hasnt arrived yet.Li is coming too. Li isnt coming either.Both of us are going. Neither of us is going.He likes both of them. He doesnt like either of them.注意:so/neither+助动词+名词/代词结构中须用倒装语序。My wife likes classic music very much and so do I.She doesnt like jazz and neither do I.主谓一致专项练习题1. Either Jane or Steven _ watching TV now.A. wereB. isC. wasD. are2. Two days _enough for me to finish the work, I need a third day.A. isntB. isC. arentD. are3. How many lessons do you usually have a day?Six lessons a day. And each of then _45 minutes.A. lastB. lastsC. haveD. are4. Neither Li Ping nor I _a basketball player.A. amB. isC. beD. are5. There _ many new words in lesson one, It is very easy.A. isB. arentC. isntD. are6. The number of the students in our school _1200.A. isB. areC. hasD. have7. Maths _ my favorite subject.A. beB. isC. amD. are8. The boy with the two dogs _ when the earthquake rocked the city.A. were sleepingB. is sleepingC. was sleepingD. are sleeping9. Every one except Tom and John _there when the meeting began.A. areB. isC. wereD. was10. That place is not interesting at all, _of us wants to go there.A. NeitherB. BothC. AllD. Some11. Nobody but Jane _ the secret.A. knowB. knowsC. have knowD. is12. Whats on the plate? Some eggs and cakes on it?There _some eggs and cakes on it.A. isB. areC. wasD. were13. This pair of glasses _mine.A. areB. beC. isD. will be14. Both Lily and Lucy _ to the party yesterday.A. invitedB. was invitedC. had invitedD. were invited15. Two months _quite a long time.Yes, Im afraid that he will miss lots of his lessons.A. isB. areC. wasD. were16. In the city the old _.A. take good care ofB. are taken good care ofC. is taken good care ofD. are been taken good care of17. His family _all very kind and friendly, His family _a happy one.A. are, isB. is, isC. are, areD. is, are18. The singer and the dancer _come to Beijing.A. hasB. haveC. areD. is19. The children in this class each _new school bag.A. haveB. hasC. has gotD. are having20. All but one _ here just now.A. isB. wasC. has beenD. were21. If Bobs wife wont agree to go on holiday in winter, _.A. neither he willB. neither wont heC. neither will heD. he wont neither22. I havent finished my homework yet. _.A. so has heB. Neither he hasC. He has tooD. He hasnt either23. “Im going to visit the Lu Gou Bridge tomorrow.” “ _.”A. I am soB. So am IC. So go ID. So I go24. You as well as he _ to blame(责备 for the accident (交通事故.A. areB. isC. haveD. has25. Neither my wife nor I myself _able to teach my daughter to sing English songs.A. has beenB. isC. areD. am主谓一致练习题参考答案(1.B (2. A (3. B (4. A (5. B (6. A (7. B (8. C (9. D (10.A (11.B (12.B (13.C (14D . (15.A (16.B (17.A (18.B (19.A (20 D (21.C (22. D (23. B (24. A (25. D主谓一致练习题2. 从所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。( 1. Collecting stamps _ my hobby.A. isB. areC. hasD. have( 2. The lady with her little son _ walking along the lake now.A. isB. areC. wasD. were( 3. Both of the twin girls _ wearing red clothes today.A. isB. areC. wantD. wants( 4. Each of the students _ a Walkman.A. haveB. hasC. there isD. there are( 5. All of my money _ stolen last night.A. isB. wasC. hasD. have( 6. The police _ for the robbers now.A. is searchingB. are searchingC. is searchedD. are searched( 7. Half of the students _ from abroad.A. isB. areC. comesD. has come( 8. Two kilometers _ a long way. Youd better take a taxi.A. isB. areC. wasD. were( 9. Most of the country _ grassland.A. there areB. there isC. areD. is( 10. What I have told you _ a secret. Please dont tell others.A. areB. isC. keepD. keeps( 11. Not only you but also he _ the exam.A. was passedB. has passedC. had passedD. is passed( 12. This pair of glasses _ me well.A. fitB. fitsC. have fittedD. is fitted( 13. Physics _ a course that every student must take.A. haveB. hasC. isD. are( 14. Who _ the two women talking over there?A. isB. areC. wasD. be( 15. Every boy and every girl _ in new clothes today.A. isB. areC. wearD. dresses( 16. Chinese _ by the largest number of people.A. is speakingB. speakC. speaksD. is spoken( 17. A letter sent between computers _ called an e-mail.A. areB. isC. haveD. has( 18. The population of this town _ 300, 000.A. areB. isC. haveD. has( 19. What _ the number of the workers in the factory?Two thousand. And a large number of them _ women.A. is; isB. is; areC. are; isD. are; are( 20. _ this pair of shoes yours?No. My shoes _ under the bed.A. Is; isB. Are; areC. Is; areD. Are; is( 21. In the city the old _.A. take good care ofB. are taken good care ofC. is taken good care ofD. takes good care of( 22. The Greens _ getting ready for their journey.A. isB. prepareC. preparesD. are( 23. The musician and writer _ to visit our school.A. is comingB. are comingC. enjoysD. enjoy( 24. None of the money _ his.A. belong toB. areC. isD. has( 25. Do you like watching cooking programmes on TV?No, I dont, but my twin brother _. Hes very fond of cooking.A. doesB. doC. isD. are( 26. Everyone except Tom and John _ there when the meeting began.A. areB. isC. wereD. was( 27. Weve got two TV sets, but _ works well.A. anyB. bothC. eitherD. neither( 28. The headmaster as well as all the teachers _.A. are having a meetingB. have gone to the museumC. is planting trees on the hillD. feel very excited about the prize( 29. Two fifths of them _ Young Pioneers.A. isB. areC. join toD. joins( 30. The music they played _ very wonderful.A. isB. soundC. areD. listens( 31. _ you _ he is able to ski, but I am.A. Both; andB. Not only; but alsoC. Either; orD. Neither; nor( 32. His family _ all very kind and friendly. His family _ a happy one.A. are; isB. is; isC. are; areD. is; are( 33. Do you need more time to finish the work?Yes, another ten days _ enough.A. areB. isC. wereD. was( 34. How time flies! Ten years _ passed.A. haveB. hasC. isD. are( 35. This pair of jeans _ Tinas.A. areB. isC. beD. am( 36. How many classes do you usually have a day?Six classes a day. And each of them _ 45 minutes.A. lastB. lastsC. haveD. are( 37. Neither Li Ming nor I _ a basketball player.A. amB. isC. belong toD. belongs to( 38. There _ many new words in lesson one. It is very easy.A. isB. arentC. isntD. are( 39. Nobody but Jane _ the secret.A. knowB. knowsC. dont knowD. have known( 40. Whats on the plate?There _ some eggs and cakes on it.A. isB. areC. wasD. were( 41. All but one _ here just now.A. isB. wasC. has beenD. were( 42. Neither the teacher nor the students _ in the classroom at that moment.A. wereB. wasC. werentD. wasnt( 43. There _ enough food in the fridge. You have to buy some on your wayhome.A. isntB. isC. areD. arent( 44. She is the only one of the _ writers who _ stories for children.A. woman; writesB. woman; writeC. women; writesD. women; write( 45. I wonder if someone _ going to take me home when the party is over.A. wasB. wereC. isD. are( 46. Here _ some flowers and some money for you.A. isB. areC. haveD. has( 47. More than 70% of the earth _ covered with water.A. isB. areC. hasD. have( 48. What you have done _ necessary.A. areB. isC. haveD. has( 49. The class _ enjoying the beautiful music now.A. is allB. all isC. are allD. all are( 50. When and where to meet _.A. has discussedB. have discussedC. has been discussedD. have been discussed. 用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. You and I _(be classmates.2. Truth and honesty _(be the best policy.3. This news _(be interesting.4. To say something _(be one thing; to do it _(be another.5. The police _(be looking for a lost boy.6. There _(be two glasses of tea on the table.7. Two-fifths of the water in the river _(be polluted.8. Only one of the students _(be late last week.9. Nobody but Ann and Billy _(be in our classroom yesterday.10. Between the two buildings _(stand a hospital.Key:. 1-5 AABBB 6-10 BBADB 11-15 BBCBA16-20 DBBBC 21-25 BDACA 26-30 DDCBA31-35 DABBB 36-40 BABBB 41-45 DAACC