初中英语形容词否定前后缀语法归纳.doc

2011级英语总复习
构词法-2

初中英语形容词否定前后缀语法归纳

否定形式
规律
例词
中文释义
dis-

dishonest
不诚实的
im-
在字母p, m, b前，初中英语主要在字母p前
impolite
impossible
impatient
不礼貌的
不可能的
不耐烦的
in-

incorrect
inactive
不正确的
不活跃的
ir-
在字母r前
irregular
不规则的
-less

useless
careless
homeless
hopeless
endless
无用的
粗心的
无家可归的
没有希望的
无尽的
un-
 (大多数形容词否定前缀都是以un-开头）
unimportant
unpopular
uncomfortable
unnecessary
unhappy
unwelcome
uncommon
unable
unfriendly
unhealthy
unsafe
unfair
unusual
…
不重要的
不流行的
不舒适的
不必要的
不开心的
不受欢迎的，讨厌的
不普通的
不能的
不友好的
不健康的
不安全的
不公平的
不同寻常的

☆特别提醒：
◇初中阶段，形容词否定前缀大多以un-构成，除去少数几个以-less否定后缀结尾外，不是以un-否定前缀构成的形容词基本上只有7个。
    即上表中以dis-, im-, in-, ir-开头的七个例词。换言之，如果把这七个词烂熟于心，那么记忆形容词否定前缀就将事半功倍。
◇以un-开头的形容词其前面的冠词用的是an。例如：an unusual boy。
◇dis-否定前缀除了形容词dishonest外，还常常用在动词前构成否定形式，如dislike, disagree, disappear等。

用所给单词的适当形式填空：
1.         You will be_____________ (able) to pass the exam if you don’t study hard.
2.         There are lots of ________ (common) kinds of birds in Zhalong. Many people like to go birdwatching there.
3.         It is ___________ (necessary) for you to walk the little dog once a week to the park.
4.         It is ___________ (important) to keep quiet when you watch the birds and insects.
5.         He feels _________(happy) because he lost his wallet.
6.         There is a ________ (regular) rain in Sahara desert every year.
7.         Is it __________(possible) to get to the city by train?
8.         Some people are ___________ ( friendly) to birds. They throw stones to them.
9.         Some people feel ____ (happy) that government give poor people such small and ____(comfortable) flats.
10.     It is _______ (safe) to walk on the street at night.
11.     We should keep students staying away from the ________ (healthy) books.
12.     These trainers are too small. They are ______________(comfortable) to wear.
13.     If someone does not show good manners to others, he is ____________(polite).
14.     Jim never tells lies and he is an ___________ (honest) boy.
15.     This girl is so __________(care) that she often makes mistakes in her homework.

◇江苏13城市中考试题汇编◇
1.         It's ________(friendly) of him to say such bad words to his classmates. (08常州)
2.         Don't get _________(patient) about your personal trouble. (08无锡)
3.         He seemed ______(friend) at first, but now I've got to know him and I realize he's warm  and kind. (08徐州)
4.         If someone doesn't show good manners to others, he or she is __________(polite). (08宿迁)
5.         It’s so ___________(不公平的)! Mary gets more money for less work. (09镇江)
6.         The basketball team was __________(luck) to lose in the final minute of the game. (09徐州)
7.         In some ways, the space shuttles travel fast, but the journey to Mars may be very___(comfortable). (09泰州)
8.         it’s ___________(possible) for us to finish so much work within so little time. We need help. (2010南通)
9.         Simon is such a __________(honest) person that no one believes him. (2010扬州)
10.     Don’t be ________(patient)! You should listen to what he is saying first. (2010常州)
11.     It is _________(possible) for me to design the poster without your help. (2010泰州)
12.     it’s not easy for those superstars to face ___________(无穷无尽的)interviews and doubts. (2010镇江)

Keys: 
 用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. unable  2. uncommon 3. necessary  4. important  5. unhappy  6. irregular  7. possible  8. unfriendly  9. unhappy,
uncomfortable  10. unsafe  11, unhealthy  12. uncomfortable  13. impolite  14. honest  15. careless

江苏13城市中考试题汇编
1. unfriendly  2. impatient  3. unfriendly  4. impolite  5. unfair  6. unlucky  7. uncomfortable  8. impossible 
9. dishonest  10. impatient  11. impossible  12. endless