小升初英语语法复习要点讲解和练习.doc

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单数
复数
第一人称
I(我)
第二人称
第三人称
he(她)
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
主格
宾格
we
you
they
you(你)
she(她)
it( 它)
him her it
His(她的)
her(她的)
its(它的)
(我们)
( 你们)
(她们)
me
you
us
you
them
形容词性
物主代词
my
your
our
your
their
(我的)
(你的)
(我们的)
(你们的)
(她们的)
名词性物
主代词
mine
yours
his hers its
ours
yours
theirs
theirs
☆名词性物主代词: mine yours his hers
一．主格 ( I
its
ours
yours
you
he
she
it
we
you
they )
1.在句子中能够作主语, 放于句首, 后接动词。
(1) _______ am a student.
(2) _______ comes from China , but ______ comes from American.
(3) _______ is my aunt.
二．宾格 ( me
you
him
her
it
us
you
them )
1.在句子中能够作宾语, 用于句尾, 动词之后。
(1) The boy in the photo is _______.
(2) Let ______ play football.
(3) We often go to visit __________.
2.在句子中能够作宾语, 用于句尾, 介词之后。
(1) The pen of ______ is the same with ______.
(2) Come with ________.
(3) The teacher wants you to return that book of
3.人称代词作表语时,一般用宾格,特别是在日常会话中。
—”Who is knocking at the door? ”— ”It’s ________. ”
—”谁在敲门?” —”是我。”
________.
三．形容词性物主代词 ( my
your
his
her
its
our
your
their )
1.形容词性物主代词一般位于名词前, 用作定语, 限定该名词的意义。
(1) ______ book is over there.
(2) I ate all ________ sandwiches yesterday.
(3) Tell Tom not to forget _______ book.
四．名词性物主代词 ( mine
yours
his
hers
its
ours
yours
theirs)
1.名词性物主代词在句中独立使用, 即不后接名词, 其句法作用相当于一个名词,即”形
容词性物主代词+名词”。
1

(1) My bag is bigger than ________. My bag is bigger than_________
.
(2) ______ is a great country.我们的国家是一个伟大的国家。( 用作主语, 一般用于正
式文体)
(3) I forgot to bring my dictionary. Could I use _______?我忘了带词典, 我能够用一下你
的吗? ( 用作动词的宾语)
(4) He wasn’t in my room. He might be in _______.她( 刚才) 不在我的房间。她可能在
自己的房间。( 用作介词的宾语)
(5) —Whose book is this? — It’s _______. ”这是谁的书? ”
”是她的”。( 用作表语)
(6) Jack is a friend of _______.杰克是我的一个朋友。( 用于双重所有格)
2.名词性物主代词用作主语时, 谓语动词的数应随所指者的数而定。
(1)—Is this pencil _______ or _______? — It’s _______. Hers is in her bag. (Hers = Her
pencil)”这支铅笔是你的还是她的? ””是我的。她的铅笔在她包里。”
3．用于 of后面。 He visited a friend of _________ yesterday.
♣选择填空
1. — Who’s singing over there ?
— ________ is Sandy’s sister.
C.She
A.That
B.It
D. This
2. ________ will spend the summer holiday in Hawaii.
A. She, you and I
C. I, you and she
B. You, she and I
D. Her, me and you
3. Between you and ________, he is not a real friend.
A. me
4. My uncle bought a new bike for ________.
A. theirs B. they
B. I
C. he
D. his
C. me
D. I
5. Mr Smith often praises ________ for his progress in studies.
A. he B. him C. I
D. me
6.— Here’s a postcard for you, Jim! — Oh, ________ is from my friend, Mary.
A. he B. it C. she D. it’s
7. Don’t shake the young tree. ______ leaves are falling off. You should look after ______.
A. It, it’s B. It’s, it C. Its, it D. It, it
8. Little Baby knows that he should not take the things that do not belong to ________.
A. he
9.—— Will anyone go on a trip with him ? — Not ________.
A. I B. me C. mine
B. his
C. her
D. him
D. he
10. Among those lovely toys, the brown toy dog was given by ______.
A. he B. his C. him D. he’s
☆名词
这里强调两点: 不可数名词都默认为单数, 因此总是用 is
名词复数如何加后缀:
各种不同情况
一般情况
变化方法
直接加-s
例词
book-booksbag-bagscat-catsbed-beds
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bus-busesbox-boxesbrush-brushes
watch-watchespeach—peaches
glass—glasses
以s.x.sh.
ch结尾
加-es
以”辅音字母+变y为i,再加
family-familiesstudy—studies
knife-knives
y”结尾
-es
以”f或fe”结变f或fe为v,
尾
再加-es
man-menwoman-womenpoliceman-policemen
policewoman-policewomenmouse-mice
foot-feetchild-childrenfish-fish
Chinese-Chinese
不规则名词复数
不规则变化
(1)元音字母发生变化。
如 man—men(男人),
woman—women(妇女)
Tooth—teeth(牙齿), foot—feet(脚)
Mouse—mice(老鼠), policeman—policemen(警察)
Policewoman—policewomen(女警察)
(2)词尾发生变化。
如 child—children(小孩), ox—oxen(公牛)
(3)单、 复数形式相同。
如 fish—fish(鱼), sheep—sheep(绵羊), deer—deer(鹿), Chinese—Chinese(中国人),
yuan—yuan(元), jinn—jinn(斤)
☆冠词
一、 定义
冠词是一种虚词, 本身不能单独使用, 也没有词义, 它用在名词的前面 (相当于名词的
帽子), 帮助指明名词的含义。
二、 分类
共3类: 定冠词( the definite article) , 不定冠词( the indefinite article) 、 零冠词( zero article) 。
三、 用法
1、 定冠词的用法
a、 an与数词 one同源, 是”一个”的意思。a用于辅音音素前, 而 an则用于元音音素
前。
2.定冠词的用法
定冠词 the与指示代词 this,that,these,those同源, 有”那( 这) 个””这( 那) 些”的
意思, 但较弱, 能够和一个名词连用, 来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。以下为必须加定
冠词的情形:
( 1) 特指某人或某物。如: Please pass me the spoon.请递给我勺子。
( 2) 可表”类别”, 用于单数名词前表示某一类人或事物的全体。如:The monkey is eating
banana.猴子们正在吃香蕉。
( 3) 特指上下文已提出的人或物。如: I read a new book last night.The book is very
3

interesting.昨晚我读了一本新书, 这本书很有意思。
( 4) 特指谈话的双方都知道的人或物。如: Look at the picture.看这幅画。
( 5) 用于形容词的最高级及序数词前。如: The first car is the most expensive.第一辆车
是最贵的。
( 6) 用于世上独一无二的事物前。( 如: 太阳, 月亮等) 如: The sun is the hottest in the
world.
( 7) 用于江河、 海洋、 山脉、 群岛之前。如: The Yellow River黄河
( 8) 用于民族、 阶级、 党派之前。如: The Chinese People中华民族
( 9) 用于表示方位的名词前。如: It’s in the front of the classroom.它在教室前面。
( 10) 用于带有普通名词的专有名词前。如: The Great Wall长城
( 11) 与某些形容词连用, 使其名词化, 代表某类人或物。如: the poor
( 12) 用于习惯用语中。如: in the evening在晚上
穷人
( 13) 用于姓氏的复数前, 表示夫妇或一家人。如: The Greens格林一家
( 14) 用于复数名词前, 表示全体。如: We are the students of Guang Ming Primary School.
我们是光明小学的学生。
☆形容词和副词
一、 定义
形容词是用来修饰名词, 表示名词的属性, 用于名词前。
副词是用来修饰动词、 形容词, 其它副词或全句的词, 用来说明时间、 地点、 程度和方
式等。
二、 分类
副词按其意义分为时间副词、 地点副词、 程度副词、 方式副词、 频率副词、 疑问副词、
连接副词和关系副词几类。
三、 形容词和副词的比较级
1.一般在形容词或副词后+er
older taller longer stronger, etc
more interesting, etc.
bigger fatter, etc.
2.多音节词前+more
3.双写最后一个字母, 再+er
4.把 y变 i, 再+er
heavier, earlier
5.不规则变化: well-better, much/many-more, etc.
♣形容词/副词比较级/ 最高级综合练习:
(
)1. I think science is
than Japanese.
B. important
D. more much important
A. much important
C. much more important
) 2. This pencil is___ than that one.
(
(
(
(
(
(
A. longest
) 3. These children are ____ this year than they were last year.
A. more tall B. more taller C. very taller D. much taller
) 4. It was very hot yesterday, but it is___ today.
A. even hotter B. more hotter C. much more hot
)5. Our classroom is____ larger than theirs.
A. more B. quite C. very
) 6. Maths is more popular than____.
B. long
C. longer
D. as long
D. much hot
D. much
A. any other subject
B. all the subjects
C. any subject
D. other subject
) 7. China is larger than ____ in Africa
4

A. any other country
C. the other country
B. other countries
D. any country
(
(
) 8. Tom is stronger than ___ in his class.
A. any other boy B. any boys
) 9. When spring comes, it gets____.
C. any boy
D. other boy
A. warm and warm
B. colder and colder
D. shorter and shorter
C. warmer and warmer
(
)10. By and by, ____ students in our class came to like English.
A. more and more
C. many and many
B. much and much
D. less and least
☆Be动词用法
be动词( am、 is、 are) +not
情态动词 can+ not
助动词( do、 does) + not
如何将一个肯定的陈述句改为否定句:
1、 看句中有无 be动词, 如有, 直接在 be动词后+ not。
2、 看句中有无情态动词, 如有, 直接在情态动词后+ not。
3、 如上述二者都没有, 就应用助动词+ not。分四个步骤:
( 1) 肯定陈述句中原来是没有助动词的, 要加上去, 位置在主语( 某人或某物) 后,
动词前。
( 2) 确定助动词用 do、 does, 根据句中动词, 动词是原形的助动词就用 do, 动词是第
三人称单数的助动词就用 does.
( 3) 在助动词后加 not.
( 4) 原句中动词假如发生变化就要恢复成原形。
强调一点, 有 some的要考虑是否要用 any.
☆一般疑问句
如何将一个肯定的陈述句改为一般疑问句:
1、 句中有 be动词,提到句首即可。
2、 看句中有情态动词, 把情态动词提到句首即可。
3、 如上述二者都没有, 就应把助动提到句首。分四个步骤:
( 1) 肯定陈述句中原来是没有助动词的, 要加上去, 位置在主语( 某人或某物) 后,
动词前。
( 2) 确定助动词用 do还是 does, 根据句中动词, 动词是原形的助动词就用 do, 动词
是第三人称单数的助动词就用 does.
( 3) 把助动词后提到句首。
( 4) 原句中动词假如发生变化就要恢复成原形。
强调一点, 有 some的要考虑是否要用 any。
♣
1. We often___________(play) in the playground.
2. He _________(get) up at six o’clock.
3. __________you _________(brush) your teeth every morning?
4. What _________ (do) he usually
(do) after school?
5. _________Danny_________(study) English,Chinese,Maths,Science and Art at school?
6. _________Mike sometimes_________ (go) to the park with his sister?
7. At eight at night, she __________(watch) TV with her parents.
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8. ________ Mike________(read) English every day?
9. How many lessons your classmate
10. What time________his mother
(have) on Monday?
(do) the housework?
☆特殊疑问句
表示疑问, 有疑问词( 在开头) , 回答有很多种可能。
常见疑问词:
疑问词
Whattime
When
意思
什么时间
什么时间
谁
用法
问具体时间, 如几点钟
问大概时间, 如日期
问人
Who
Whose
谁的
问主人
Where
在哪里
问地点
What
什么
问东西、 事物
问颜色
Whatcolour
Howold
Howmany
什么颜色
多大年纪
多少数量( 可数名词)
问年纪
问数量
多少钱; 多少数量( 不
可数名词)
Howmuch
问多少钱或数量( 不可数)
☆特殊疑问句练习:
一、 选择正确的单词填空
(who, where, when)
1.—_____ is that pretty girl?— She is my sister.
2.—______ are Jack and Tom? —They are behind you.
3.—_____ do you go to school? —I go to school from Monday to Friday.
4.—_____ has a beautiful flower? —John has a beautiful flower.
5.—_____ are they? —They are my parents.
6.—_____ is my mother?— She is in the living room.
7.—_____ are you going?— We are going to the bakery(面包坊).
8.—_____ do Jim and Wendy play ball? —They play ball in the afternoon.
9.—_____ does he jog? —He jogs in the park.
10.—_____ are you from?—I'm from Changchun city.
二、 就画线部分提问
1.He is my father.
?
2.They are under the tree.
?
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3.I often watch TV after dinner.(晚饭后)
?
4.Lily swims in the swimming pool.(游泳池)
?
5.Superman flies in the sky.
?
三．用 what time, what colour填空。
1. A:
B: It is nine o’clock.
2. A:
B: My mother gets up at 6:30.
3. A:
B: I go to bed at 10:00.
4. A:
is it?
does your mother get up?
do you go to bed?
do Diana and Fiona have supper?
is it?
B: Diana and Fiona have supper at 18:00.
5. A:
B: It is purple.
6. A:
B: The sky is blue.
7. A:
B: My coat is black.
is the sky?
is your coat?
☆一般将来时
表示将来将要发生的动作, 经常和 tomorrow, next year, the day after tomorrow, the year
after the next, in five hours’ time, etc.表示将来的词联用。
结构: 主语+助动词 will+动词原形
I will go to America tomorrow.
★变疑问句将助动词移到句首
Will you go to America tomorrow?
★变否定句在助动词后面加 not
I will not go to America tomorrow.
★肯定回答及否定回答
Yes, I will. / No, I will not.
Yes, he/she will. / No, he/she will not.
★特殊疑问句
What will you do?
☆现在进行时
表示现在正在进行的动作。
构成: 主语+be动词+动词的现在分词+其它成分
We are having lunch.
He is reading a book.
The boys are swimming across the river.
★变疑问句将 be动词移到句首
Are we having lunch?
Is he reading a book?
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Are the boys swimming across the river?
★变否定句在 be动词后面加 not
We are not having lunch.
★特殊疑问句: what, which, how, where, who, etc.
疑问词+动词+主语+现在分词
What are you doing?
What is the dog doing?
没有进行时的动词(必背)
表示状态, 思想, 感情和感觉的动词不能表示正在进行的动作
1.表示感觉, 感官的单词
see, hear, like, love, want,
2. have, has当”拥有”讲时没有进行时
☆现在进行时练习:
现在进行时: 表示现在进行的动作, 句子结构: be+动词 ing
时间状语: now, look, listen, It’s …o’clock,
♣
1. —What are you _________(do) now? —I ___________(eat) bread.
2. It’s nine o’clock. My father_______________(work) in the office.
3. Look, the boy
(put) the rubbish into the bin.
4. — __________he________(clean) the classroom?— No, he isn’t. He
(play).
5. —Where is Make? —He
6.—Listen, who
(run) on the grass.
(sing) in the music room?
—Oh,Mary
(sing) there.
♣将下列句子改成现在进行时
1.Tom can speak Chinese.
2.We do our homework.
3.I watch TV every day.
4.She works in a hospital.
5.Kitty and Ben have lunch at about twelve.
6.His father can help them.
7.Danny, open the door.
8.They watch TV in the evening.
☆一般过去式
表示示过去发生的动作或事件 ,常和表示过去的时间状语连用, 如 yesterday, last night,
the day before yesterday, 3 days ago,
含有 be动词的句子, 将 be动词变为过去式, am, is的过去式为 was, are的过去式为 were
I was at the butcher’s.
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You were a student a year ago.
The teacher was very beautiful ten years ago.
★变疑问句将 be动词移动到句首
Were you a student a year ago?
Was the teacher very beautiful ten years ago?
★变否定句在 be动词后面加 not
I was not at the butcher’s.
You were not a student a year ago.
The teacher was not very beautiful ten years ago.
★肯定回答及否定回答
Yes, I was. /No, I was not.
Yes, you were./ No, you were not.
Yes, he/she was. /No, he/she was not.
★特殊疑问句:
What did you do?
(必背)
不含有 be动词的句子, 将动词变为过去式
I finished my homework yesterday.
The boy went to a restaurant.
The Sawyers lived at King Street a year ago.
★变疑问句在句首加 did , 动词变为原型
Did you finish your homework yesterday?
Did the boy go to a restaurant?
Did the Sawyers live at King Street a year ago?
★变否定句在主语和动词之间加 did not
I did not finish my homework yesterday.
The boy did not go to a restaurant.
The Sawyers did not live at King Street a year ago.
★肯定回答及否定回答
Yes, I did. /No, I didn’t.
Yes, he did. /No, he didn’t.
Yes, they did. /No, they didn’t.
☆现在完成时
构成: 主语+助动词 have, has+过去分词
用法:
1)表示过去发生的和现在有某种联系的动作, 常和 just, usually, already, since等时
间副词连用
I have just had lunch. (饱了, 不用再吃了)
They have already had their holiday. (不能再度假了)
2)询问别人是否做过某事一般用现在完成时:
Have you finished your homework?
3)表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作
I have lived in Beijing for twenty years.
I have worked for this school for 1 year.
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4)表示一种经历, 经验: 去过…地方, 做过…事情, 经历过…事情
I have ever been to Paris.
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参考答案
一、 ( 1) I ( 2) He
she
( 3) She
( 2) us ( 3) her
( 2) me ( 3) him
( 答案不唯一, 仅供参考)
( 答案不唯一, 仅供参考)
( 答案不唯一, 仅供参考)
二、 1.( 1) me
2.( 1) her
me
3.
me
三、 1.( 1) Your
四、 1.( 1) hers
( 2) Ours
( 1) my
( 1) his
( 答案不唯一, 仅供参考)
her bag( 答案不唯一, 仅供参考)
( 3) yours
( 4) his
( 5) hers
( 6) mine
2.( 1) yours
3. his
hers
mine
选择填空: 1.B
形容词和副词
综合练习: 1.C
2.B
3.A
4.C
4.A
5.D
5.D
6.B
6.A
7.C
7.D
8.D
8.A
9.B
9.C
10.C
2.C
3.D
10.A
一般疑问句: 1.play
6.does
2.gets
3.Do
brush
4.does
do
5.Does study
go
7.watches
8.Does
read
9.does
have
10.does do
特殊疑问句练习:
一、 1.Who
2.Where
3.When
8.When
4.Who
5.Who
6.Where
7.Where
9.Where
10.Where
二、 1.Who is she?
2.Where are they? 3.When do you watch TV?
5.Who does fly in the sky?
3.What time 4.What time
4.Where does Lily swim?
三、 1.What time
6.What colour
2.What time
5.What colour
7.What colour
现在进行时练习:
1.doing
am eating
2.is working
3.is putting
4.Was cleaning is playing
5..is running
6.is singing is singing
1.Listen,Tom is Speaking Chinese.
2.We are doing our homework now.
3.I'm watching TV now.
4.She is working in the hospital now.
5.Look,Kitty and Ben are having lunch.
6.His father is helping them now.
7.Look,Danny is opening the door.
8.They are watching TV now.
11