中考英语主谓一致全面总结.doc

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Grammar
Subject-VerbAgreement(主谓一致)
主谓一致指“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系。
1.语法一致原则
如果主语是单数，谓语动词则用单数形式；
如果主语是复数，谓语动词用复数形式。
eg.Bothparties______theirownadvantages.
　Herjob_____somethingtodowithcomputers.
2.意义一致原则
有时，主语和谓语动词的一致关系取决于主语的单、复数意义，而不是语法上的单、复数形式，这样的一致关系就是意义一致。
Hisfamily______(be)abigfamily.
Hisfamily_______(be)listeningtomusic
whenhecameback.
ThepopulationinChina______(be)verylarge,andeightyofthepopulationinChina_____(be)farmers.
3.就近原则
有时，谓语动词的单、复数形式决定于最靠近它的词语。
e.g.Eithermygrandsonsortheirfather__(be)coming.
　NeitherRichardnorI_____(be)going.
（一） 谓语动词常用复数的情况
Theteachersarerespectedintheworld.
1）主语为复数名词或代词
Thepolicearelookingforthemissingchild.
Thecattlearekeptinhisfarm.
2) 当people,police,cattle等集体名词作主语，形式上为单数而意义却是复数，谓语用复数。
TheOlympicGamesareheldonceeveryfouryears.
TheRockymountainsstandinthewestofthenorthAmerica.
3）山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等s结尾的复数名词作主语。
Thericharenotalwayshappy.
Generallyspeaking,theyoungareeagerforsuccess.
4）the+adj.表示一类人或物做主语时
如blind,deaf,living,dead,
the+wounded,poor,rich
old,young等
但指个人或抽象概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Theunknownisalwayssomethingtobefeared.
Thebeautifulisalwayslovedbypeople.
TheWhitesaregoingtomakeatriptoLondon.
TheGreenswerewatchingTVwhenafirebrokeout.
5)the+姓的复数形式表一家人
（二）谓语动词常用单数的情况
1）可数名词的单数及不可数名词作主语时。
Theadviceispractical.
2）表示时间、距离、金钱、长度、重量等复数名词作主语，表达一个整体概念时。
Twentyyearsisonlyashorttimeinhumanhistory.
3)主语从句、动词不定式、动名词形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Lookingafterthechildrenismyfulltimejob.
Todieforthepeopleisaworthydeath.
Whenandwheretoholdthemeetingisunknown.
Whateverwasleftwastakenaway.
4)以-S结尾的单数名词，形式为复数而意义为单数。如表示学科、国家、机构、书籍、报刊等名称作主语,(news,physics,maths，politics)谓语用单数。
TheUnitedstatesismadeupof50states.
TheTimesisanewspaperfortheBritishgovernment
GreatExpectationswaswrittenbyCharlesDickensin1860.?
5) clothing,furniture,traffic,jewellery,baggage,equipment,luggage等无生命的集合名词作主语。
Clothingisbadlyneededinthisfloodedarea.
6）each
neither+of+the+复数名词或代词
Either
Eachofus_____adictionary.
Eitherofthebooksonthetable_______tome.
Neitherofthem___fitforthejob.
7)manya/each/every
either/neither+单数名词
morethanone
Manyastudent__________thefilm.
Neitherstory____true.
Morethanonestudenthasseenthefilm.
Morestudentsthanonehaveseenthefilm.
注意：当each放在主语后作同位语时，不决定谓语单复数。
Theyeachhaveadictionary.=
Eachofthemhasadictionary.
8)everyevery
each+名词单数＋and+each+名词单数作主语时
nono谓语用单数
manyamanya
Everydeskandeverychair___madeofwood.
Manyaboyandmanyagirl____madethesamemistake.
9）由some,any,no,every+one/thing/body
所构成的复合不定代词做主语时，谓语用单数。
Nobody______togothere.
Something______beendonetoendthestrike.
（三） 其它情况
1） 用and或both…and…连接的两个名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。但是如果and连接的两个名词作主语，指同一个人或事或整体概念，谓语动词用单数（如果是可数名词的单数这时and后面的名词一般没有冠词）。
用is/are填空：
EnglishandChinesequitedifferentlanguages.
Waterandairbothimportant.
Ayoungmanandagirltogothere.
Thesingerandthewriterfamoustomanyyoungpeople
Themanagerandsecretaryasbusyasabeeallday
Thesingerandwriterfamoustoeveryone.
Warandpeace（战争与和平）aconstantthemeinhistory.
Aknifeandfork（刀叉）neededforawesternmeal.
Breadandbutter(黄油面包)servedforbreakfast.
Earlytobedandearlytorise_____（早睡早起）agoodhabit.
常用的一些表示整体概念的词
ironandsteel钢铁　
lawandorder治安　
awatchandchain一块带链的表
Aneedleandthread针线
acoatandtie配有领带的上衣
2） 单、复数同形的名词作主语时，按意义一致的原则。作单数意义时，谓语动词用单数，反之谓语动词用复数。这类名词有：sheep,fish,deer,means(方法),species(种类),works(工厂),Chinese,Japanese等。
选择填空
has/have
Everymeans_____beentriedoutwithoutmuchresult.
Allmeans_______beentriedoutwithoutmuchresult.　
was/were
Thisshoeworks_____setupin1980.?
Thoseshoeworks______allsetupin1980.??
3)表示成双成套的名词，如：chopsticks(筷子),
compasses,clothes,glasses,jeans,scissors,shoes,socks,trousers,gloves,shorts
等，作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式；
ChopsticksmainlyareusedinChina.
但如与akindof,apairof,thepairof,
aseriesof连用，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
如：
Thiskindofbooks____useful.
=Booksofthiskind____useful.
4)某些集体名词（如family,team等）作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数形式；如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数。类似动词还有：class,club,company,crowd,enemy,government,group,party,public,team等。
5)就近原则
下列连词连接两个主语时，及therebe句型有多个并列主语，谓语应与最靠近的主语保持一致。
AorB
eitherAorB
neitherAnorB 动词与靠近的主语一致
notonlyAbutalsoB
therebeA,BandC
notAbutB
1）Eitherthegirlortheboy____inCanada.(is/are)
2）NeitherhenorI______theanswer.(knows/know)
3）NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary_____tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.
4)You,heorIright.
5)_____eitherheoryouright?(be)
(注意就近原则在疑问中的使用)
6）Youorhe_______toblame．
____youorhetoblame?
A．is，IsB．are，AreC．is，AreD．are，Is
7)Eitheryouortheheadmaster______theprizetothosegiftedstudentsatthemeeting.(NMET1994)
A.ishandingoutB.aretohandout
C.arehandingoutD.istohandout
6)就前原则
当主语后面跟有aswellas,asmuchas,nolessthan,alongwith,with,like,ratherthan,togetherwith,but,except,besides,including,inadditionto等词组时，其谓语动词的单复数按主语的单复数而定。
1)Theteacher,with6girlsand8boysofherclass,___visitingamuseumwhentheearthquakestruck.(NMET2004北京卷)
A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.wouldbe
2）NobodybutJohnandHelenabsent.
I,ratherthanyou，responsiblefortheaccident.
7)anumberof+n（复数）作主语，谓语用复数。
thenumberof+n（复数）作主语，谓语用单数
Thenumberofthepeopleinvited______fifty,butanumberofthem______absentfordifferentreasons.
A.were,wasB.was;was
C.was;wereD.were;were
8)alargequantity/amountof+n谓语由of后的名词单复形式决定
largequantities/amountsof+n(可数/不可数)谓语复数
Alargequantityofpeople_______neededhere.
Alargequantityofwater____neededhere.
Largequantitiesoffood_______gonebad.　
9）关系代词作主语，定语从句谓语动词的形式取决于其先行词的单复数。
Heisoneofthefewpersonswho______agoodknowledgeofItalian.
当one之前有theonly修饰时，one是who的先行词，从句谓语动词用单数。
Heistheonlyoneoftheboyswho_______givenaprize.
10)倒装句中，必须认准哪是主语。如：
1)Betweenthetwobuildings(stand)amonument.
2)Ontheship___________(be)over2,200people.
3)Morethan1,500peoplelosttheirlives.
Amongthose________(be)theyoungwoman.
11)such,thesame起指示代词作用，应根据其所指的内容来确定单、复数。如：
Such___ourplan.???????
Such_____myhopes.???
12)all做主语表示人时，谓动用复数；若表物，谓动则用单数。
All____wellthatendswell.
All_____eagertoreachanagreement.
13)partof/halfof/…percentof/onethirdof+名词,谓语动词要与of后面的名词保持一致。
Onethirdofthelandissoldbythegovernment.
常用的一些表示整体概念的词
ironandsteel钢铁　
lawandorder治安　
awatchandchain一块带链的表
Aneedleandthread针线
acoatandtie配有领带的上衣
Exercises
1.Eachofyou______responsiblefortheaccident.
A.am??B.be???C.is???D.are
2.?Eachmanandwoman______thesamerights.
A.has???B.have???
C.had???D.ishaving
3.?Everymeans______triedbutwithoutmuchresult.
A.hasbeen???B.havebeen???
C.are???D.is
4.?There______inthisroom.
A.aretoomuchfurniture???
B.istoomanyfurnitures
C.aretoomuchfurnitures??
D.istoomuchfurniture
5.?Themanagerorhisassistant______planningtogo.
A.were???B.are???C.was???D.be
6.?NotonlyIbutalsoDavidandIris______fondofplayingbasketball.
A.am???B.is???C.are???D.was
7.?NeitherTomnorhisparents______athome.
A.is????B.are???C.has???D.was
8.?Eitherthedeanortheprincipal______themeeting.
A.attends???B.attend???
C.areattending???D.haveattended
9.?______waswrong.
A.Nottheteacherbutthestudents??
B.Boththestudentsandtheteacher
C.Neithertheteachernorthe
students???
D.Notthestudentsbuttheteacher
10.?“______twentydollarsabigsumtoher?”
?“Isupposeso.”
A.Willbe??B.Is??C.Are?D.Were
11.?Threehours______enoughforustofinishthetask.
A.are??B.has??C.is??D.were
12.?Mostofhissavings(存款）______intheXinHuaBank.
A.hasbeenkept???
B.isbeingkept???
C.havekept????
D.havebeenkept
13.?Allthatcanbedone______.
A.hasdone???
B.hasbeendone???
C.havedone???
D.havebeendone
14.?Oneorperhapsmorepages_______.
A.ismissing???
B.hasbeenmissed???
C.aremissing???
D.wasmissing
15.?Morethanoneworker______dismissed.
A.havebeen????B.are???
C.hasbeen???D.has
16.?Whiskeyandsoda______?hisfavoritedrink.
A.is???B.are???
C.were???D.havebeen
17.?Manyastudent___theimportanceoflearningaforeignlanguage.
A.haverealized???
B.hasrealize???
C.havebeenrealized???
D.hasbeenrealized
18.?Thegasworks______nearthecity.
A.is???B.are???C.were???D.be
19.Thesurroundings（环境）ofhishouse______cleannow.
A.is???B.are???C.was???D.were
20.Thecommittee___overtheproblemamongthemselvesfortwohours.
A.hasargued???
B.hasbeenarguing???
C.haveargued???
D.havebeenarguing
21.Thepublic______generousintheircontributionstotheearthquakevictims.
A.is???B.was???C.are??D.hasbeen
22.?Cattle______onthehillside.
A.grazes???B.isgrazing???
C.wasgrazing???D.weregrazing
23.Herpolitics______neitherconservativenorliberal.
A.is???B.are???C.was???D.hasbeen
24.?Measles(麻疹）______akindofinfectiousillness.
A.is???B.are??
C.were???D.havebeen
25.?ThePhilippines______tothesouth-eastofChina.
???A.lies???B.lie???C.lay???D.lays
26.Maryisoneofthegirlswho______alwaysontime.
A.is???B.am???C.are???D.was
27.Tomistheonlyoneofthestallmemberswho______tobepromoted.
A.isgoing???
B.aregoing???
C.hasbeengoing???
D.havebeengoing
28.Whatcausedtheaccident
_____ontheroad.
A.werestone???
B.werestones???
C.wasstone???
D.wasstones
29.?______istoattendourevening.
A.boththesingerandthedancer???
B.Eitherthesingerordancers
C.Thesingerordancers??????????
D.Thesingeranddancer
30.TheSmiths______theirbreakfastwhenthemorningpostcame.
A.had????
B.hasbeenhaving???
C.arehaving???
D.werehaving
31.?Nooneexcepttwostudents
____themeeting.
A.hasbeenlatefor???
B.havebeenlatefor???
C.waslatefor???
D.werelaterfor
32.?Allbuthimandme____totheexhibition.
A.amgoing??B.isgoing???
C.aregoing???D.wasgoing
33.?Interest,aswellasprospects,
______importantwhenonelooksforajob.
A.are???B.were??C.is???D.was
34.Thepresident,accompaniedbyhisassistants,______.
A.havearrived???
B.arearriving????
C.hadarrived???
D.hasarrived
35.??Anumberofcars_____infrontofthepark.
A.isparked???
B.wasparked???
C.areparked???
D.hasparked
36.Thenumberofarticlespublishedonsmoking______amazing.
A.is???B.are???
C.were???D.havebeen
37.?Themajorityofthedamage_____easytorepair.
A.is???B.are???C.were???D.be
38.Themajorityofdoctors____
smokingisharmfultohealth.
A.arebelieved???
B.hadbelieved???
C.hasbelieved???
D.believe
39.Four-fifthsofthecrop______.
A.areruined???
B.wasruined???
C.wereruined???
D.havebeenruined
Homework
1.FinishGrammaronP98-99.
2.PreviewthepartofIntegratingskills.
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