高考英语短文填词(选词填空)真题特色题型分类讲解.doc

2013高考英语真题特色题型详解短文填词（选词填空）一、(2013上海卷)Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. restoreB. recallC. processingD. previouslyE. necessaryF. locatingG. insteadH. fascinatingI. elsewhereJ. compositionAs infants, we can recognize our mothers within hours of birth. In fact, we can recognize the 41 of our mothers face well before we can recognize her body shape. Its 42 how the brain can carry out such a function at such a young age, especially since we dont learn to walk and talk until we are over a year old. By the time we are adults, we have the ability to distinguish around 100,000 faces. How can we remember so many faces when many of us find it difficult to 43 such a simple thing as a phone number? The exact process is not yet fully understood, but research around the world has begun to define the specific areas of the brain and processes 44 for facial recognition.Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology believe that they have succeeded in 45 a specific area of the brain called the fusiform face area (FFA), which is used only for facial recognition. This means that recognition of familiar objects such as our clothes or cars, is from 46 in the brain. Researchers also have found that the brain needs to see the whole face for recognition to take place. It had been 47 thought that we only needed to see certain facial features. Meanwhile, research at University College London has found that facial recognition is not a single process, but 48 involves three steps. The first step appears to be an analysis of the physical features of a persons face, which is similar to how we scan the bar codes of our groceries. In the next step, the brain decides whether the face we are looking at is already known or unknown to us. And finally, the brain furnishes the information we have collected about the person whose face we are looking at. This complex 49 is done in a split second so that we can behave quickly when reacting to certain situations. 该说明文由话题“人类几乎天生就能够辨认人脸”展开去，详细阐述了人类大脑是如何一步步进行人脸识别的。41.【答案】 【J】composition【解析】名词，意为“结构，组成”，这里表示“认出母亲的脸部构成”。42.【答案】【H】fascinating【解析】形容词，意为“有趣的，迷人的”，此处为句型 “Its fascinating/interesting/exciting that/how”,表示是如此的有趣。43.【答案】【B】recall【解析】动词，意为“回忆，回想”，此处根据常用搭配find it difficult to do sth得出应选择动词，recall such a simple thing as a phone number表示“回想出简单的电话号码”。44.【答案】【E】necessary【解析】形容词，“必要的”，此处necessary for facial recognition作后置定语修饰the specific areas，表示“识别人脸必要的区域”。45.【答案】【F】locate【解析】动词，“定位”。此处有搭配succeed in sth/doing sth，故要选择动名词形式。这里意为“成功定位到一个脑部具体区域FFA”。46.【答案】【I】elsewhere【解析】副词，“其他地方”。由上文推断出既然人脸识别是一个专门的区域进行处理，那么此处“对其它物体的识别”自然是大脑中“其它地方”了。47.【答案】【D】previously【解析】副词，“先前的”。根据上文推断得出人脸识别需要看到整张脸，因此此处的想法“我们只需要看一些脸部特征”是“先前的”。48.【答案】【G】instead【解析】副词，“代替，而不是”。此处根据两句话的意思推断出是转折替代关系，因此选instead。49.【答案】【C】processing【解析】名词，“处理，进程”。根据语法推断出此处填名词，由上下文意思得出用processing，表示“这一复杂的处理过程在瞬间完成”。二、（2013福建卷）第一节短文填词（共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分）Every individual is a member of a group called the community, and itis the duty of every citizen _ ask what he can do for his community.76._A good citizen _(相信) that he should serve the community 77._and not the community serve h_. As students, there are many ways 78._in _ you can serve the community. Above all, however, you have to79._acquire a certain amount of skill and experience b_ you can be of80._service to others. Your school has lots of_(活动) which prepare81._you _ good citizenship. Many school societies train students to82._become good citizens who later p_ in volunteer work and serve the83._public in t_ of need. If you serve your community, you will grow84._ to be a good citizen with a strong sense of responsibility.85._文章讲述了关于自愿行动、报答社会的话题。76.【答案】to【解析】考查句型It is to do sth，it为形式主语，不定式为真正的主语，故填to。77.【答案】believes【解析】考查主谓一致：主语为a good citizen谓语为单数，故填believes。78.【答案】him【解析】句意：他应该服务社区，不是社区服务于他。用he的人称代词宾格him。79.【答案】which【解析】考查定语从句。先行词为ways，定语从句关系词可用in which。80.【答案】before【解析】考查连词。在你服务他人之前要学会一些技能和经验。81.【答案】activities【解析】考查名词复数。82.【答案】for【解析】考查词组：prepare sb for sth83.【答案】participate【解析】考查短语：participate in84.【答案】time【解析】考查短语：in time of need在需要的时候85.【答案】up【解析】考查短语：grow up三、（2013广东卷）阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为1625的相应位置上。One day, Nick invited his friends to supper. He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen. Suddenly, he 16 (find) that he had run out of salt. So Nick called to his son, “Go to the village and buy some salt, but pay a fair price for it: neither too much 17 too little.”His son looked surprised. “I can understand why I shouldnt pay too much, Father, but if I can pay less, 18 not save a bit of money?”“That would be a very 19 (reason) thing to do in a big city, but it could destroy a small village like ours,” Nick said.Nicks guests, 20 had heard their conversation, asked why they should not buy salt more cheaply if they could. Nick replied, “The only reason a man would sell salt 21 a lower price would be because he was desperate for money. And anyone who took advantage of that situation would be showing a lack of respect 22 the sweat and struggle of the man who worked very hard to produce it.”“But such a small thing couldnt 23 (possible) destroy a village.”“In the beginning, there was only 24 very small amount of unfairness in the world, but everyone added a little, always 25 (think) that it was only small and not very important, and look where we have ended up today.”本文通过Nick叫儿子去买盐要给合理价格的故事说明，一定要公平对待他人，尊重努力工作的人的汗水和努力。16.【答案】found 【解析】考查时态语态。“invited”用一般过去时。由Suddenly可知，found与其时间一致，故用found； 17.【答案】nor 【解析】考查固定搭配，表示“既不也不”，故用“neithernor”。18.【答案】why 【解析】考查句意理解。该句有问号 “？”告知是疑问问句，前文中出现why提示表示“为什么”之意，故用why。why not do sth (为什么不做某事)？是固定句式。19.【答案】reasonable 【解析】考查词性转化。“thing”需一个形容词修饰，very也只能修饰形容词，故用reasonable。 20.【答案】who 【解析】考查定语从句关系代词。从句不完整，指代前面“guests”。指人，故用who。21.【答案】at【解析】考查介词与price搭配构成固定短语，表示“以更低价格”用 at a lower price，故用at。22.【答案】for 【解析】考查动词短语。表示“对某事表示尊重”，用show respect for sth.。故用for。23.【答案】possibly 【解析】考查词性转化。修饰谓语动词“destroy” 作状语，用副词，故用possibly。24.【答案】a【解析】考查冠词。a small amount of(少量的)是固定搭配。25.【答案】thinking【解析】考查非谓语做伴随状语。句中有added做谓语，与此同时做着什么事情，故用thinking现在分词短语作added的伴随状语。 四、（2013湖南卷）Directions: Complete the following passage by filling in each blank with one word that best fits the context.When kids in parts of the world want to play, they often make soccer balls out of trash tied together with string. “ 48 the areas used for playing fields are often rough and rocky, millions of real balls go flat (变瘪) 49 24 hours,” says Tim Jahnigen, a California businessman. Determined to solve this problem, 50 created an indestructible ball called the One World Futbol.The ball is made of 51 special material, ethylene-vinyl acetate foam. Its lightweight, its flexible, and 52 importantit holds its shape.The One World Futbol needs no pump 53 wont wear out, even on rough surfaces. When tested, 54 withstood (经受住) being crushed by a car, and even being chewed on by a lion.Although it costs more to produce 55 a typical soccer ball, Jahnigen estimates the One World Futbol can last 30 years. So far, its been given to kids in 143 countries. 该文为说明文，文章介绍了一种足球。48.所在句子不缺成分，所以该题应填虚词中的连词，考察逻辑关系。文章首段最后一句determined to solve this problem对该题有所提示，所以答案为because。 49.根据文意是说球很容易在24小时内go flat。所以此处应填within，强调“在之内”。填in的话，显得不够严谨，“in”既可以表示“在之内”，也可以表示“在以后”指未来的时间。50.很明显，句子缺少主语，而本句中主语就是Tim，所以应填代词he。 51.文章介绍球的组成成分，该成分前缺少冠词，所以答案为a。 52.此题主要考查对文意的理解。文章对Tim所发明的球进行了介绍，除了轻和有弹性的特点外，所以用了一个插入语对其另一特点进行了介绍，而这一特点是最为重要的，所以答案为most。 53.此题所在句子是说该足球的特点，特点有两个，所以应该用连词and 进行连接。54.通过句子成分分析可知，本句缺少主语，而when tested，可知主语是经过检测的，所以被检测的东西只可能是the ball，所以空格应填代词it，指代ball。 55.此题考生容易忽略比较级more，如果留意到more，此处答案必定为than。7