高考英语专项复习：主语从句讲解及练习(附答案).doc

主语从句讲解及练习
主语从句
一、概述：在句子中起名词作用的各种从句统称为名词性从句。根据它们在句中的语法作用，这类从句又可分为主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句和宾语从句。
二.主语从句主要有三类：
（1） 由连词that引导的主语从句:引导词that无含义,在句中不做成分,不可以省。
例如：That you will win the medal seems unlikely.
你想获得奖牌看起来是不可能的。
That you are so indifferent bothers me.
你如此冷淡使我很烦恼。
That she survived the accident is a miracle.
她在事故中幸免于难简直是奇迹。
（2） 用连词 whether 引导的主语从句:whether有含义(是否),在句中不做成分,不可以省。
例如：Whether she is coming or not doesn’t matter too much.
她来不来都无关紧要。
（3） 用连接代词引导的主语从句(在由连接代词who, whose, whom, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever引导的名词性从句中，其连接代词在句中起名词性作用，担当一定成分).
例如：What you need is more practice.
你所需要的是更多的训练。
What I want to know is this. 我想知道的就是这事。
Whatever we do is to serve the people.
我们无论做什么都是为人民服务。
（4）连接副词when, where, why, how引导的名词性从句(其连接副词有含义,在句中作状语。)
eg:Where we should leave it is a problem.
When they will come hasn’t been made pubic.
他们什么时候来还不知道。
三.注意点:
1.it 做形式主语,而将主语从句放在句末（尤其是当谓语较短时）。
例如：That light travels in straight lines is known to all.
光沿直线传播，这是众所周知的事。
=It is known to all that light travels in straight lines.
众所周知光沿直线传播。
When the plane is to take off has not been announced .
飞机何时起飞还没有宣布。
= It has not been announced when the plane is to take off.
还没有宣布飞机何时起飞。
(当what引导的主语从句表示“…的东西”时，一般不用it作形式主语。)
错:It is a book what he wants.
对:What he wants is a book. 他想要的是本书。
例如：Has it been settled who will be sent to carry out the task ?
谁将被派去执行这项任务决定了吗 ？
固定用法和译法
（1） It is +名词+从句
It is a fact that… 事实是……
It is good news that … ……是好消息
It is a question that … ……是个问题
It is common knowledge that … ……是常识
类似的名词还有：a pity；a wonder；a good thing； no wonder； surprise等。
例如：It is a mystery to me how it all happened.
这一切是怎么发生的是个谜。
It is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish.
鲸鱼不是鱼，这是常识。
It is no surprise that Bob should have won the game.
鲍勃会赢得这场比赛，这不足为奇。
（2） It is +形容词+从句
It is necessary that … 有必要……
It is clear that … 很清楚……
It is likely that … 很可能……
It is important that … 重要的是……
类似的形容词还有：strange; natural; obvious; true; good; wonderful; possible; unlikely; quite; unusual; certain; evident; worth-while; surprising; interesting; astonishing, etc.
例如：It is obvious that conductors and insulators are both important in industry.
很明显导体和绝缘体在工业中都很重要。
It is doubtful whether she will be able to come.
她是否能来令人怀疑。
It was really astonishing that he refused to talk to you .
他拒绝和你说话真是令人惊讶。
It is essential that he should be here by the weekend .
周末之前，他应该到这里是必要的。
It seems obvious that we can not go on like this.
很明显我们不能这样下去了。
（3） It is +过去分词+从句
It is said that … 据说……
It is reported that … 据报道……
It has been proved that … 已证明……
It must be proved that… 必须指出……
类似的过去分词还有：known; estimated; expected; believed; thought; hoped; noted; discussed; required; decided; suggested; demanded; made clear; found out,etc.
例如：It is thought that he is the best player.
大家都认为他是最好的选手。
It is estimated that the vase is 2000 years old.
据估计这个花瓶有2000年的历史。
It is used to be thought that a new star must be due to a collision between two stars. 过去一直认为新星是由于两颗星星之间碰撞产生的。
It has not been made clear when the new road is to be opened to traffic.
还没弄清楚这条路将开始通车。
It does not matter if I missed my train, because there is another later.
没有赶上这趟火车没有关系，稍晚还有一趟。
It happened that I saw him yesterday.
碰巧我昨天看见他了。
当“及物动词 + 宾语”较短时，也可用这种结构。
例如：It shocked me that Peter did not tell anybody where he was.
让我吃惊的是彼得没有告诉任何人他在哪里。
It does not interest me whether you go or not.
我对你去不去不感兴趣。
2.只用whether不用if引导主语从句.
填空1
1. _____ as much as one-fifth of all timber harvested is not used.
2. _____ some mammals came to live in the sea is not known.
3. _____ we have achieved is attributed to the guidance of our parents.
4. _____ wealthy does not necessarily mean that a man is greedy.
5. Although _____ happened in this developed country sounds like science fiction, it could occur elsewhere in the world.
6. _____ she had forgotten to take her notebook.
7. I am sure that _____ she said is wrong.
8. We lost our way in the forest, and _____ made matters worse was that it was getting dark.
9. _____ some mammals came to live in the sea is not known.
10. _____ or not is still uncertain.
11. It’s _____ he’ll be able to come.
12. _____ he is at work in the heart of the big city or at home in the quiet suburb, Dick’s life is tied to machines.
13. _____ he saw both surprised and frightened him.
14. _____ is a spell of warm sunshine.
15. _____ is a pity that he should feel so upset.
16. _____ a spoonful of soil can tell us so much about the structure and early history of the moon.
17. _____ you nominate will be elected.
18. _____ book you borrow must be returned within a week.
19. _____ of us gets home first starts cooking.
20. _____orders he gives are obeyed.
填空2
1.________ makes mistakes must correct them.
2. It worried her a bit ____ her hair was turning grey.
3.When and why he came here ________ yet.
4. ________ is no reason for dismissing her.
5. ________ Tom liked to eat was different from ________.
6.________ we go swimming every day ________ us a lot of good.
7.It ________ Bob drives badly.
8.It's uncertain ________ the experiment is worth doing.
9.________ the boy didn't take medicine made his mother angry.
10.____ we can't get seems better than ____ we have.
11.____ you don't like him is none of my business.
12..____ we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
13._________is going to do the job will be decided by the Party committee.
14._______we'll finish translating the book depends on the time.
15.______he won't go there is clear to all of us.
16.______the house will be built will be discussed at tomorrow's meeting.
17. ._______you come or not is up to you.
18.._______makes mistakes must correct them.
19.._______team will win the match is a matter of public concern.
20..________leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
A. is not known C. The fact that she was a few minutes late
D. What…what you had expected
主语从句练习题
[即学即用 ]
I. 用适当的词填空,使句子意思完整。
1. ______ he didn’ t attend the meeting yesterday wasn’ t quite clear.
2. The Foreign Minister said, “ It is our hope ______ the two sides will work towards peace.”
3. ______ team will win the match is still unknown.
4. ______ comes to the party will receive a present.
5. ______ Mary has left is still a question.
6. It ’ s reported ______ three people were killed in the accident and five were hurt badly.
7. ______ he solved the problem successfully interested all of us.
8. We usually think ______ we can’ t get seems better than what we have.
9. It is a fact ______ English is being accepted as an international language.
10. ______ is to be sent there to solve the problem hasn ’ t been decided. II. 下列各句中均有一处错误,请改正。
1. That the old man ’ s son wanted to know was where the gold had been hidden.
2. It is reported when China has successfully sent Shenzhou VI spaceship into space.
3. If he can finish his task on time is of great importance.
4. Whether the 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing excited the whole nation.
5. After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, which our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.
6. Whatever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
7. Why they will solve the serious problem today has not been decided.
8. When will win the English competition is still a problem.
9. How our spring sports meet will be held or not this week is not known yet.
10. It’ s strange when he should have gone away without telling us. GRAMMAR
主语从句学习指导
[寻规找矩 ] 请观察下列句子,注意主语从句的用法。
1. That the earth travels round the sun is a well-known fact.
2. It is uncertain whether the artist can do it or not.
3. Who will act the lead in the play has not been decided yet.
4. Where the young man has gone is not known.
5. It is not yet decided when and where the test will be given.
[常见错误展示 ] 下列各句均有一处错误,请改正并分析错误的原因。
1. Light travels faster than sound is common knowledge.
2. If she’ s coming or not doesn’ t matter much.
3. That the professor said is of great importance.
4. Where will the trees be planted has not been decided.
5. No matter who breaks the rule will be punished.
6. When and where the meeting will be held still remain a question.
7. What were your problems a year ago has now become mine.
8. It was requested that everyone made a speech at the meeting.
C) what part they play in D) in what part they play
1. It didn’ t surprise us at all ________ he was post to Hong Kong.
A) why B) how C) what D) that
? 6. It is pretty well understood ________ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today.
A) that B) that what C) what D) how
6. ________ we’ ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
A) If B) Whether C) That D) Where
7. ________ we’ ll go camping tomorrow has kept us all excited the whole day.
A) If B) Whether C) That D) Where
8. He will tell us ________ he thinks of our arrangement.
A) that B) what C) how D) if
9. Sarah hopes to become a friend of ________ shares her interests.
A) whoever B) whomever C) no matter who D) no matter whom E) anyone
11. ________ his failure lies is expected ________ clear to us.
A) What„ to make B) How„ made
C) Where„ to be made D) Why„ making
2. Dr. Smith comes from either Yale or Harvard I can’ t remember ________.
A) where B) there C) which D) that
3. You can depend on ________ promise he makes.
A) anything that B) which C) whatever D) whose
5. – We never know ________ he is.
– They say he is a salesman.
A) who B) what C) how D) which E) whoever
4. The main fact(or)s in human life are five: birth, food, sleep, love and death. (One could increase the number — add breathing for instance — but these five are the most obvious.) Let us ask ourselves ________ our lives.
A) they play in what part B) they play what part in5. I really don’ t see ________.
A) what is the fun of playing dead B) what the fun of playing dead is
C) what fun to play dead is D) what is the fun to play dead
6. A look at recent trends in world fisheries reveals ________ the ocean on a global scale.
A) how we have swiftly affected B) that how swiftly we have affected
C) how swiftly we have affected D) however swiftly we have affected
7. A little learning is not dangerous so long as you know ________.
A) that B) that there is a little C) it is a little D) that it is little
3. The reason ________ he referred to for his success is ________ he always working hard. A) why, that B) why, because C) that, that D) that, because
8. While teaching students, teachers should take into consideration _________ students develop at different rates.
A) the fact that B) since C) as long as D) despite of
9. Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, ________ I will always treasure.
A) that B) one C) on which D) what
10. The Foreign Minister said, “ ________ is our hope that the two sides will work towards peace. ”
A) This B) There C) That D) It
10. The thought worried him much ________ he might fail in the exam.
A) that B) which C) when D) so that
10. Now that energy prices are rising so rapidly, further prices are very uncertain, and the risk ________ a new investment depending on them may fail is greater.
A) by which B) of C) that D) in that
27. There are signs ________ restaurants are becoming more popular with families.
A) that B) which C) in which D) of which
28. There’ s a feeling in me ________ we’ ll never know what a UFO is – not ever/never. A) that B) which C) of which D) what
29. The theory is of great important ________ the hotter a body is, the more it radiates.
A) that B) when C) which D) what
30. Evidence came up ________ specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 5 months old.
A) that B) whose C) which D) what
31. Information has been put forward ________ more middle school graduates will be admitted to universities.
A) while B) that C) when D) as
31. A story goes ________ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court.
A) when B) where C) what D) that
32. The possibility never occurred to me ________ I would unexpectedly enter such a big band and work in Wall Street.
A) when B) that C) / D) how
33.Word got around ________ he had resigned his position as secretary of the committee.
A) when B) after C) that D) which
33. _______ is no possibility ___________ Bob can win the first prize in the match.
A) There „ that B) It „ that C) There „ whether D)It „ whether
34. Her unusual success shows that if someone can do their job really well, then the question ________ male or female is not so important.
A) if they are B) of whether they are C) whether they being D) of whether to be
用正确的代词或介词填空
____he will come to attend the meeting won’ t make any difference. ____I couldn’ t understand was why he didn’ t attend the meeting. ____we will hold the meeting hasn’ t been decided yet.
____leaves the room last ought to turn off the light.
____ suddenly occurred to me that I had left my keys at home.
根据提示，完成句子。
1.__________________________________ hasn’t been decided yet.(pick) 谁将去接他还没有确定。
2.__________________________________ remains unknown.(finish) 我们是否能按时完成工作还不知道
3._____________________________________ is none of my business.(like) 你喜不喜欢他都与我无关。
4._________________________________________ is being discussed.(abroad) 他将何时出国正在讨论之中。
5.____________________________ in learning English is enough practice.(matter)
英语学习中最重要的是足够的练习。
6.It worried her a bit ______________________________________________.(turn) 她的头发正在变白让她有些担忧。
7.After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth,
___________________________ our astronauts walk in space. (desire) 杨利伟成功地环绕地球后，我们希望的是宇航员在太空漫步。
8. ________________________________________ should be punished.(break) 任何违法的人都应该被惩罚。
9.___________________ we can learn four foreign languages at the same time.(seem)
我们能同时学四门外语似乎不可能。
10._______________________________ was that more than 90% of the students had been admitted to the key universities.
让这所学校感到自豪的是超过90%的学生被重点大学录取了。
参考答案
1.Who will pick him up2.Whether we can finish the work on time 3.Whether you like him (or not) 4.When he will go abroad 5.What matters most6.that her hair was turning grey 7.it’s desired that8.Whoever breaks the law 9.It seems impossible that
10. What made the school proud
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