2019年高考英语语法填空考点梳理与练习.doc

语法填空
考点梳理与练习
有提示词考点梳理
语法填空高考解读
语法填空题每小题1.5分，共10小题，总分为15分。其命题特点如下：
1、长度：200词左右的短文
2、命题形式：有提示词填空（7个），无提示词填空（3个）
3、主要的语法考点
有提示词：名词，动词，形容词和副词，词性转化
无提示词：连词，冠词，代词，介词，特殊句式

ATTENTION PLEASE!
语法填空作为高考英语的必考题型，主要考查我们的语法积累和运用能力。在积累了众多语法知识的基础上，相信同学们已经有了一些做这道题的能力和技巧，那怎么才能保证我们做这道题准确率高而且速度快呢？下面我们将对语法填空题型进行考点梳理。
和高考的亲密接触
给同学们10分钟的时间，一起来挑战一下吧！
According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 1 (long) than non-runners. You don’t have to run fast or for long 2 (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 3 (die) early by running.
While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it 4 (be) more effective at lengthening life 5 walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 6 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 7 (cause).
The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise it’s probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to 8 (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it’s always 9 (energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 10 a try.
同学们能否总结出语法填空这个题型知识点考查的方向和重难点呢？针对这个题型，同学们在做题的时候都会遇到什么问题？和小伙伴们一起讨论一下吧!

《A young man asked Socrates the secret to success》
Socrates told the young man to meet him near the river the next morning. They met. Socrates asked the young man to walk with him toward the river. When the water got up to their neck, Socrates took the young man by surprise and ducked him into the water. The boy struggled to get out but Socrates was strong and kept him there until the boy started turning blue. Socrates pulled his head out of the water and the first thing the young man did was to gasp and take a deep breath of air. Socrates asked, “What did you want the most when you were there?” The boy replied, “Air.” Socrates said, “That is the secret to success. When you want success as badly as you wanted the air, then you will get it. There is no other secret.”

考点一 名词
考查内容
（1）n and n并列
例如：His kindness and _____（achieve）impressed me.
（2）（a/an/the）+adj+n
例如：The _____（express）in his eyes told me something was wrong.
（3）介词+n
Several proposals are under _____（consider）.
（4）形容词性物主代词+n
（5）序数词+n
It is the third _____（describe）about the bird.
many/several+可数名词复数
much+不可数名词
some/a lot of/lots of+可数名词复数/不可数名词

名词变复数变化规律
1.一般情况，加-s; 如map-maps
2.以s，sh，ch，x等结尾的词，加-es; 如：bus- buses
3.以辅音字母+y结尾的词，变y为i再加es; 如：baby- babies

牛刀小试
1. For most of us the______(change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work.
2.I'd skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that are pictured by artists in so many Chinese______(painting).
3. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top______(attract).
4.The nursery team switches him every few_______(day) with his sister.

考点二 动词

讨论与总结
同学们还记得常见的时态有哪几种吗？他们的基本结构分别是什么，和小伙伴们一起讨论一下吧！

考查方向
1、 Tom ______（play）football yesterday.
2、 I saw the boy ______（play）near the river.
3、 The story is very ______（interest）.
如果括号中给的提示词是动词时，首先判定考查的是谓语动词、非谓语动词还是词性转换。
考查内容
一、谓语动词
1、判定考查谓语动词的依据
（1）逗号不能连接两个句子。
例如：Two years ago,he went to the Great Wall.
（2）在一个简单句中，只能有一个谓语或并列谓语。
例如：He walked into the classroom.
He walked into the classroom and began his class.
He walked into the classroom whistling a popular tune.
2、谓语动词考察方向：时态、语态、主谓一致
（1）时态
判断依据：
①如果该空所在的句子中有时间状语，则依据时间状语判断相应的动词时态。
例如：He __________（write）eight books so far.
②如果该空所在的句子中有并列谓语，则保持并列谓语的时态一致。
例如：He got up early and _____（go）to school.
③如果上述两种情况都不存在时，则根据上下文的时态正确选择谓语动词的时态。
（2）语态
判断谓语动词与主语在逻辑上是主动还是被动关系，从而选择谓语动词语态是主动语态还是被动语态。
被动语态谓语动词形式：be done
例如：All the employees ______（encourage）to work online at home.
（3）主谓一致
①如果主语是单数，那么谓语动词也是单数；如果主语是复数，那么谓语动词是复数。
②就近原则。通常使用就近原则的词组有or，either…or…，neither…nor…，not only…but also…，There be句型
例如：Either you or I _____（be）happy.
③就远原则。通常使用就远原则的词组有:名词或代词┼with，along with，together with，as well as，rather than，as much as，but，expect
例如：Tom as well as his friends ____（be）invited to the party.

总结：谓语动词时态、语态、主谓一致做题思路：
1、要判断括号中所给动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词；若是谓语动词，
2、要判断用哪一种时态
3、要根据主语与谓语动词的关系判断用主动语态还是被动语态
4、要注意主谓一致,最后才能确定所填动词的形式。
在确定谓语动词的时态时,我们可从三个方面来进行判断:
1、看句子中的时间状语或时间状语从句；
2、在没有时间状语或时间状语从句时；
3、根据上下文时态判断谓语动词时态

牛刀小试
1、Three people ______（take）to a hospital,while others were treated at a local clinic.
2、At that time,soda pop was sold in bottles,and they were washed and _____（fill）again.
3、There_____（be）a book and two pens on the desk.
4、Two years ago,the three of us _______（go）up to Mt.Lushan.
5、It was raining lightly when I _______（arrive）in Yangshuo just before dawn.

二、非谓语动词
1、判定考查非谓语动词的依据：
根据概念（在一个句子中，除了谓语动词之外的其他动词形式称为非谓语动词）
2、非谓语动词的形式及意义
基本形式：to do 表示将来、目的、主动 变化形式：to be done 将来、被动
doing 表示进行、主动 being done 进行、被动
done 表示完成、被动 having done 完成、主动
having been done完成、被动
3、非谓语动词的做题思路
（1）判定是否是非谓语动词。（根据非谓语动词的概念）
（2）找逻辑主语，分析逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间的主动被动关系。
（3）分析非谓语动词与谓语动词之间的时间先后关系。
（4）根据非谓语动词的基本形式和变化形式及其所表达的意义，判定出最终非谓语动词的形式。
4、非谓语动词的固定搭配
（1）doing做主语
例如：playing with his friends makes him happy every day.
（2）only to do表示出人意料的结果
例如：He hurried to the station,only to find the train had left.
（3）主语+be+adj+to do
例如：The cake is easy to make.
（4）have trouble/problems/difficulty+（in）doing sth/with sth
（5）It takes sb some time/money to do sth
（6）跟to do形式作宾语
（7）跟doing形式作主语
（8）介词后加doing形式作宾语
牛刀小试
1.I enjoy _______(climb)mountains whenever I can find the time to do so.
2.It took years of work_______(reduce)the industrial pollution and clean the water.
3. One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about _______(be) late for school.
4. Abercrombie& Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people_______ (live)in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
5. He lent me some money,________(hope)that I could help him.

三、词性转换
动词转换为名词、形容词或副词
1、动词转换为名词
（1）n and n并列（2）（a/an/the）+adj+n （3）介词+n（4）形容词性物主代词+n
（5）序数词+n
many/several+可数名词复数
much+不可数名词
some/a lot of/lots of+可数名词复数/不可数名词
2、动词转换为形容词
（1）形容词作表语
（2）形容词作定语，修饰名词或代词
例如：She gave us a ______（surprise）look.
3、动词转换为副词，修饰动词、形容词、副词或者整个句子。
例如：_____（luck）,he didn’t hurt himself.
牛刀小试
1.What makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their _____（able）.
来说一下英文的绕口令吧，看谁说的最流利！
1. Betty and Bob brought back blue balloons from the big bazaar. 
Betty和Bob从大杂货店市场上买了蓝气球。
2. Chop shops stock chops. 　
印章店备有印章。
3. Few free fruit flies fly from flames.
没有几只果蝇从火焰中飞过去。
4. what a shame such a shapely sash should such shabby stitches show? 　
这么有形的腰带却用这么破旧的缝线，多丢人啊。
5. Never trouble about trouble, until trouble troubles you.
从不自找麻烦，直到麻烦来麻烦你。

2.There are _____（amaze）stories of instant transformation.
3.Now people are still _______(interest)in Nessie.
4.You will be ______(surprise) to find you’re gaining weight.

考点三 形容词、副词
考查方向
1、形容词、副词的判定及两者之间的词性转化
2、形容词、副词的比较级、最高级
形容词使用情况：修饰名词、代词或者放在系动词之后作表语
副词使用情况：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子
形容词变副词规律
1.一般情况下直接加“y”；如： quick- quickly，
2.以辅音字母加le结尾时，去e加y；
如：possible-possibly; probable-probably; incredible-incredibly
3.以辅音字母加y结尾，变y为i加ly；
如happy-happily；heavy-heavily
4.少数以e结尾的形容词，要去掉e再加-ly；如true-truly

形容词比较级、最高级变化规律
1单音节形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在词尾加-er和-est构成；如：tall--taller--tallest
2以e结尾的单词加r/st；如 wide--wider--widest
3以辅音字母加y结尾的单词，把y变为i，再加er/est；
如:busy-busier-busiest
4以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的单词，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加er/est；如big-bigger-biggest
5部分双音节词，多音节词在词前面加more或most；(比较级more+adj；最高级most+adj)
如： interesting-more interesting-most interesting
不规则变化
good/well-better-best
bad/ill-worse-worst
many/much -more--most.
little/few-less-least
far--farther/further--farthest/furthest
牛刀小试
1.Abercrombie &Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it________(regular)arranges quick getaways here for people living in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
2. The river was so polluted that it _______(actual)caught fire and burned.
3. Fans from around the world gathered_______(cheerful)to celebrate their love of Hello Kitty.
4.The secretary arranged_______(convenience) time and place for the applicants to have an Interview.
5.As the Chinese old saying goes:“It is_______(good)to travel ten thousand miles than to read
ten thousand books.”

相信大家在经过了语法填空的考点梳理之后，做题已经游刃有余了，给同学们10分钟的时间，来做一下下面的题吧！
举一反三
1. What I've learned over the years is that learning to accept each other’s faults is one of the most important_______(key) to creating a healthy, growing, and lasting relationship.
2. Taking a shower often_______(need) a lot of water.
3. She_______(work) for seven months at a child care center in the Harlem area of New York city when she was 20 vears old.
4.Shortly after he borrowed this book, he._______(call) to London to continue his research.
5. Yangshuo_______(be) really beautiful.
6. You'd better write down her phone number before you_______(forget) it.
7. Many children around the world live in the areas where adults_______(regular)smoke.
8.Children with parents who smoke have smaller lungs and________(many) illnesses.
9. One people was killed, and several were_______(serious)hurt.
10. We tried our best to climb out but then I saw that one of my children was_______(miss).
11. Please answer the question_______(use) another way.
12 Were having a meeting in half an hour. The decision_______(make)at the meeting will
influence the future of our company.

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