初中英语被动语态讲解-练习及答案.doc
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被动语态 一、 考点、热点回顾 【词汇辨析】 1. across, through 穿过 across指从一定范围的一边到另一边。动作是在物体的表面进行。常用于横穿街道、河流,穿过桥梁等。eg: They walk across the bridge. 他们步行走过了这座桥。 through 侧重从物体的内部空间穿过,动作是在物体内部进行。常用于门、窗户、森林等。 eg: He walks through the park. 他步行穿过公园。 2. ill,sick“生病的”。 ill只在系动词后作表语 eg: Her mother was ill in bed. sick 既可作表语 eg: Her mother was sick in bed. 也可作定语 eg: Jane is taking care of her sick mother. 若ill作定语,译为“坏的,恶劣的” eg: an ill person一个坏人 sick作表语时也常译为“恶心的,想吐的“ eg: The boy always feels sick when he travels by car. 【固定搭配】 动词+ 名词/ 代词/ 副词+ 介词 make room for给.....腾出地方 eg: We can make room for her at this table. play a joke on戏弄人;对人恶作剧 eg: We can’t play a joke on law. speak highly of称赞 eg: The customs speak highly of their quality of service. say good bye to告别;告辞 eg: I don't want to say good bye to them. take an active part in积极参加 eg: They take an active part in school activities. take care of照顾;照料;注意 eg: Could you take care of my plants while I'm on vacation? 【被动语态】 (一)语态:英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。 英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。 例如:Many people speak Chinese. 谓语:speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象。 例如:Chinese is spoken by many people. 主语English是动词speak的承受者。 (二)被动语态的构成 被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以speak为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。 一般现在时:am/is/are+spoken 一般过去时:was/were+spoken 一般将来时:will/shall be+spoken 现在进行时:am/is/are being+spoken 过去进行时:was/were being+spoken 现在完成时:have/has been+spoken 过去完成时:had been + spoken (三)被动语态的用法 (1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 例如:Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道是谁偷的) This bridge was founded in 1981.这座桥竣工于1981年。 (2)强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。 例如:The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。 This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。 Your homework must be finished on time.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。 (四)主动语态变被动语态的方法 (1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 (2)把谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数,以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。 (3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格。例如: All the people laughed at him. → He was laughed at by all people. They make the bikes in the factory. → The bikes are made by them in the factory. He cut down a tree. → A tree was cut down by him. (五)含有情态动词的被动语态 含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时,由“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成 We can repair this watch in two days. →This watch can be repaired in two days. They should do it at once. →It should be done at once. (六)特殊情况 1.He made the boy work for two hours yesterday. →The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday. 2.Mother never lets me watch TV . →I am never let to watch TV by mother. 3.Jack gave Peter a Christmas present just now. →(1)A Christmas present was given to Peter by Jack just now. →(2)Peter was given a Christmas present by Jack just now. 常见的句型结构: It is(was)agreed(believed/decided/hoped/thought......)that......大家同意(相信、决定、希望、认为)...... It is(was)well known that......众所周知 It is(was)taken for granted that......被视为当然 It must be remembered that......务必记住...... It mustn’t be forgotten that......千万别忘记...... It is(was)said(reported,heard,told,suggested)that......据说(报道、听说、告知、建议......) 二、典型例题 ( )1.The Olympic Games ___________every four years. A are held B were held C.are holding D.will ho1d ( )2. In the art show,a lot of enjoyment _ _to foreign friends by the Chinese paintings. A. is giving B is given C will give D has given ( )3. Today Chinese is becoming more and more popular. It _________in. many schools around the world. A. teaches B. is teaching C. has taught D. is taught ( )4. Ba Jin, one of the greatest writers in China, ________as "People's Writer". A. is regarded B. has regarded C. is regarding D. regards ( )5. Usually computers _________to search the Internet. A. use B. are using C. are used D. used ( )6. --Do you often clean your classroom? --Yes. Our classroom __________every day. A. clean B. cleans C. is cleaned ( )7.一Did you hear that water in Tai Lake smelt terrible? 一Yes.In fact,it ____.That's all because of the people and the factories around. A. polluted B was polluted C has polluted D.was po11ute ( )8. --Our environment is getting worse than before. --You're right. But thanks to Earth Day_______, people have done more and more useful things to protect(保护)the earth since Earth Day. A. is started B. was started C. has started ( )9. ---I feel very happy that I ____to be the host. ---Congratulations! A. choose B. am chosen C. was chosen D. haven chosen ( )10. Many trees and flowers ______ in our school last year,and they made our school a beautiful garden. A.plant B.planted C.have planted D.were planted ( )11.Some famous paintings __________in the hall next week. A. will show B. were shown C. is shown D. will be shown ( )12. A talk on developments in science and technology in the school hall next week . A. given B. will be given C. has been given D. gives ( )13.---Great changes have taken place in this city. ---Right. Many modern tall buildings have been ______ these days. A. turned up B. put up C. shown up D. fixed up ( )14.Twelve-year-olds should not to drive in China. A. allow B. be allow C. allowed D. be allowed ( )15. —Do you often clean your classroom? —Yes, our classroom ______ every day. A. clean B. cleans C. is cleaned D. Cleaned 三、课后练习 ( )1.—Susan, why are you still here? They are all ready to start. –I’m sorry, but I _____ when to meet. A. don’t tell B. didn’t tell C. haven’t told D. wasn’t told ( )2.Many old houses around our school ____ next year and a large green area will appear. A. pull down B. will be pulled down C. will pull down D. are pulled down ( )3.--- My watch ______. --- Don’t worry. Let’s go to the Lost & Found. A. is lost B. is broken C. has found D. has stopped ( )4.---Did you go to Sam’s weekend party? ---No, I___________. A. am not invited B. wasn’t invited C. haven’t invited D. didn’t invite ( )5.-- How often ______ your school sports meeting ______? -- Once a year. A. does; hold B. was; hold C. is; held D. did; hold ( )6.On May 30th, , one bowl in the Ming dynasty (明朝) _______ at the price of 30.36 million Hong Kong dollars. A. sell B. sold C. is sold D. was sold ( )7.The "Thousand- hand Guanyin" ____ by many people as the best performance at CCTV's Spring Festival Evening. A. has been regarded B. are regarded C. has regarded D. regards ( )8.—Those eggs of different colors are very beautiful. —Yes, they ______ in Hangzhou. A. painted B. were painting C. were painted D. had painted ( )9.---Don’t litter the ground, boy ,Look at the sign:: “Rubbish into the dustbin.” ---Sorry. A, has throw B, was throw C, must throw D , must be thrown ( )10.The 29th 0lympic Games __in Beijing in 2008. A.will hold B will be held C.hold ( )11. The girl was often heard happily in her room. A. sing B. to sing C. singing D. sings ( )12. It is reported that more new teaching buildings _________ in our school in the next term. A. will be built B. was built C. has built D. will build ( )13. It is reported that more new teaching buildings _________ in our school in the next term. A. will be built B. was built C. has built D. will build ( )14. The sick boy _________ to hospital by the police yesterday. A. is taken B. was taken C. takes D. took ( )15. --It’s difficult for the village children to cross the river for school. --I think a bridge _________ over the river. A. was built B. is being built C. has been built D. should be built ( )16. --David, turn off the TV________ no one is watching it. --But it ________ off already! The music is from the radio. A. so that, has been turned B. when, has turned C. if, has been turned D. because, has turned ( )17. Usually John to school in his father’s beautiful car. A. has taken B. is taking C. is taken D. has been taken ( )18. Don’t put off today’s work for tomorrow. I mean, today’s work _________ today. A. may do B. must do C. may be done D. must be done ( )19.--Look, what an old palace! It looks so great! --Yeah, it ________ nearly 800 years ago. A. was building B. was built C. has built D. is built ( )20. Don’t discuss the problems with your partner unless you _________ to do so. A. ask B. are asked C. will ask D. will be asked 5 典型例题 一般现在时 1A 。[解析]考查被动语态,根据句意,“奥运会每四年举行一次”可见须用一般现在时的被动语态,故排除了B、C、D。 2[答案]B。[解析]本题考查被动语态,句中a lot of enjoyment是动作的承受者。“在这次艺术展中,一些有趣的东西通过中国国画展示给外国朋友。” 3[答案]D。[解析]考查被动语态。物作主语,一般要考虑被动语态。但如果动词指的是物的特性,不能用被动语态。 4[答案]A。[解析] 选用一般现在时态的被动语态,表示人们对这位伟大作家的爱戴。 5[答案]C 。[解析]从句子看,电脑作主语,是动作的承受者,所以用被动语态,故选C。 6. [答案]C。[解析]考查被动语态物作主语,一般要考虑被动语态。但如果动词指的是物的特性,不能用被动语态。 一般过去时 1[答案]B。考查被动语态。物作主语,一般要考虑被动语态。但如果动词指的是物的特性,不能用被动语态。 2[答案]B。 [解析]从句意:“……自从‘地球日’开始以来,人们已做了一些越来越有用的事保护环境。”可知,“地球日”的开始,要用一般过去时的被动语态,其构成为was started故选B。 3. We ________into five groups to go to the old people's home. We did many things to cheer them up. [太原市] A. divided B. are divided C. were divided 3[答案]C。[解析]本题主要考查被动语态的用法。根据句意及语境可推知空格处应用被动语态的形式。由后一句"We did many things.”可推断,时态应该是一般过去时。因此选C。 4C 5D 一般将来过去 1[答案]D。[解析] 本题综合考查时态和语态。主语为“一些名画”,在此为动作“展出”的承受者,故应用被动语态,时间状语为next week,是表示将来的时间状语,所以句子时态是一般将来时,所以D项正确。 2B 答案B 答案:D。情态动词用于被动结构为:情态动词+be+过去分词。 答案为C。句中有every day,主语为our classroom,故要用一般现在时的被动语态。 【参考答案】 1.答案D 解析:依据句意:对不起,但我不知道什么时候见面。强调动作发生在过去,I 和tell之间是被动关系。 2.答案B 解析:由题干时间next year 科知识将来时态,句子主语是old houses ,应用被动语态。故选B。 3.答案A 解析:由Let’s go to the Lost & Found.可知,说明表丢失了。故选 4.答案B 解析:由Did you go to Sam’s weekend party?可知陈述过去的动作的发生,I 和invite之间存在着被动关系。故选B。 5.答案C 解析:How often+一般疑问句?此句型用来提问在某一特定时间内进行某个动作的次数,表示“多长时间一次”。往往针对频度副词如:always, seldom, usually, once a month, sometimes, every five minutes.等提问,常用于现在时或过去时。由题干your school sports meeting 作主语,谓语应用被动语态。故选C。 6.答案D 解析:由On May 30th, ,可知动作发生在过去;其主语是one bowl与sell存在被动关系。 7.答案A 解析:依据题意: “千手观音” 被许多人认为是中央电视台春节联欢晚会最好的节目。表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在的影响或产生的结果,应用现在完成时。其主语是The "Thousand- hand Guanyin",要用被动语态。故选A。 8.答案C 解析:they指代Those eggs of different colors,主语是物,故用被动语态。依据结构,应选C.。 9.答案D 解析:依据句意:垃圾必须扔进垃圾箱里。表示“命令”,句子主语是垃圾,应用被动语态。 10.答案B解析:考查一般将来时的被动语态。由in 2008可知是将来时,运动会应该是“被举行”,所以使用一般将来时的被动语态:will +be+过去分词。 11选B。考查使役动词的被动语态。在主动语态中heard后用省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,而在被动语态中动词不定式符号to需补上。由关键信息was often heard可直接断定正确答案为B。 12选A。考查一般将来时的被动语态。由关键信息in the next term可知要用一般将来时,先排除B、C二项;另结合题意“据报道我们学校在下个学期有更多的教学楼被建造”可知要用被动语态,故舍D选A。 13选A 14选B。由时间状语yesterday可知本题要用一般过去时,先排除A、C二项;另根据题意“那个生病的男孩被警察送到了医院”可知要用被动语态,故舍D选B。 15选D 16选C。考查现在完成时的被动语态。结合题意“如果没有人看电视就关掉它”可知第一个空是条件状语从句;另由关键信息“The music is from the radio.”可知“(电视)已经关掉了”,要用现在完成时的被动语态,故正确答案为C。 17选C 18选D。考查含情态动词的被动语态。由题意“今天的工作必须在今天被做完”可知本题要用被动语态,先排除A、B二项;结合题意可舍C选D。 19选B。考查一般过去时的被动语态。由时间状语nearly 800 years ago可知要用一般过去时,先排除C、D二项;另结合题意“它(古老的宫殿)在近800年前被建造的”可舍A选B。 20选B 二、典型例题 ( )1.The Olympic Games ___________every four years. A are held B were held C.are holding D.will ho1d ( )2. In the art show,a lot of enjoyment _ _to foreign friends by the Chinese paintings. A. is giving B is given C will give D has given ( )3. Today Chinese is becoming more and more popular. It _________in. many schools around the world. A. teaches B. is teaching C. has taught D. is taught ( )4. Ba Jin, one of the greatest writers in China, ________as "People's Writer". A. is regarded B. has regarded C. is regarding D. regards ( )5. Usually computers _________to search the Internet. A. use B. are using C. are used D. used ( )6. --Do you often clean your classroom? --Yes. Our classroom __________every day. A. clean B. cleans C. is cleaned ( )7.一Did you hear that water in Tai Lake smelt terrible? 一Yes.In fact,it ____.That's all because of the people and the factories around. A. polluted B was polluted C has polluted D.was po11ute ( )8. --Our environment is getting worse than before. --You're right. But thanks to Earth Day_______, people have done more and more useful things to protect(保护)the earth since Earth Day. A. is started B. was started C. has started ( )9. ---I feel very happy that I ____to be the host. ---Congratulations! A. choose B. am chosen C. was chosen D. haven chosen ( )10. Many trees and flowers ______ in our school last year,and they made our school a beautiful garden. A.plant B.planted C.have planted D.were planted ( )11.Some famous paintings __________in the hall next week. A. will show B. were shown C. is shown D. will be shown ( )12. A talk on developments in science and technology in the school hall next week . A. given B. will be given C. has been given D. gives ( )13.---Great changes have taken place in this city. ---Right. Many modern tall buildings have been ______ these days. A. turned up B. put up C. shown up D. fixed up ( )14.Twelve-year-olds should not to drive in China. A. allow B. be allow C. allowed D. be allowed ( )15. —Do you often clean your classroom? —Yes, our classroom ______ every day. A. clean B. cleans C. is cleaned D. Cleaned 三、课后练习 ( )1.—Susan, why are you still here? They are all ready to start. –I’m sorry, but I _____ when to meet. A. don’t tell B. didn’t tell C. haven’t told D. wasn’t told ( )2.Many old houses around our school ____ next year and a large green area will appear. A. pull down B. will be pulled down C. will pull down D. are pulled down ( )3.--- My watch ______. --- Don’t worry. Let’s go to the Lost & Found. A. is lost B. is broken C. has found D. has stopped ( )4.---Did you go to Sam’s weekend party? ---No, I___________. A. am not invited B. wasn’t invited C. haven’t invited D. didn’t invite ( )5.-- How often ______ your school sports meeting ______? -- Once a year. A. does; hold B. was; hold C. is; held D. did; hold ( )6.On May 30th, , one bowl in the Ming dynasty (明朝) _______ at the price of 30.36 million Hong Kong dollars. A. sell B. sold- 配套讲稿:
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