新冠病毒大流行视域下的循证设计研究与实践_柯克·汉密尔顿.pdf
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1、 北京规划建设 205 INTERVIEW 访谈MQ:We all know you are an expert in evidence-based design.Could you explain what is the definition of it?我们都知道您是循证设计方面的专家。您能解释一下它的定义是什么吗?KH:Its just the ability to use evidence from research or other sources.Whatever use the evidence you are,find credible to help you improve
2、design decisions on real projects.And Ive done most of my career doing hospitals,so my of evidence-based design is similar to evidence-based medicine.循证设计是使用研究或其他来源的证据的能力。无论使用什么证据,都要找到可信的,以帮助你在实际项目中改进设计决策。而我职业生涯的大部分时间都在做医院,所以我对循证设计的定义与循证医学相似。嘉宾:柯克 汉密尔顿(D.Kirk Hamilton),德克萨斯A&M大学建筑学院教授,美国健康建筑学院创始人、院长
3、,健康设计研究中心副主任采访:李孟琦,同济大学建筑与城市规划学院博士生,美国德州农工大学访问学者Interview with D.Kirk Hamilton:Research and Practice of Evidence-based Design from the Perspective of the COVID-19 新冠病毒大流行视域下的循证设计研究与实践D.Kirk Hamiltonis s academic research is about the relationship between evidence-based health facility design to meas
4、urable organizational performance.A Fellow of the American Institute of Architects,he is board certified by the American College of Healthcare Architects with 30 years of active practice prior to joining Texas A&M.He is only the second architect advanced to Fellowship in the American College of Crit
5、ical Care Medicine.He is a founding principal emeritus of Houston s EYP Architects with healthcare projects in 20 states and eight other countries.He has received the Lifetime Achievement Award from ACHA and the ChangeMaker Award from the Center for Health Design.柯克汉密尔顿教授的研究方向是循证卫生设施设计与可衡量的组织绩效之间的关系
6、。作为美国建筑师协会的会员,他获得了美国医疗建筑师协会的董事会认证,在加入德克萨斯A&M之前拥有30年的积极实践经验。汉密尔顿教授是第二位在美国重症医学学院获得奖学金的建筑师。他是休斯顿EYP Health建筑师事务所的创始名誉主席,在美国的20个州和其他8个国家开展医疗保健项目。汉密尔顿教授获得了ACHA的终身成就奖和健康设计中心的“变革者”奖。KH=D.Kirk HamiltonMQ=李孟琦206 北京规划建设访谈 INTERVIEWMQ:Does evidence-based design have levels?What are the levels of evidence-based
7、 design?循证设计有等级吗?循证设计的水平如何?Evidence-based medicine is the conscientious,explicit,and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients.And its essentially treating people as individuals and using the best current evidence,so the evidence-based design is
8、 very similar.Ive written this multiple times that stolen from the Socket.循证医学是谨慎、明确和明智地使用当前最佳证据来决定对个别病人的护理。它本质上是把人作为个体来对待,使用当前最好的证据,所以循证设计与之是非常相似的。我已经多次借用索克特的循证医学概念写过循证设计。Evidence-based design is the kind of explicit and judicious use of current best evidence from research and practice in making cr
9、itical decisions,together with an informed client about the design of each individual and unique project.Its the same thing as making decisions,treating each project as an individual,and always using evidence.基于证据的设计是明确且明智地使用研究和实践的最佳证据来做出关键决策,并与知情的客户一起了解每个独特项目的设计。这与做决定、将每个项目视为一个个体,并始终使用证据是一回事。KH:Lev
10、el 1 is simple.You believe that its a good idea.You try to stay with the current literature that emerges.You try to interpret what the implication of the research is telling you.You included it in your design and then successful stories afterward.第一级很简单。你相信这是个好想法,你试图与当前出现的文献保持一致,试图解释研究的含义告诉你什么,将其包含在
11、你成功设计的故事中。Level 2 is that you do all of those previous things.But now youre going to hypothesize the intended outcome of your design before you build it.Youre going to identify measurement,so you can tell whether or not the outcome was achieved,and you make a commitment to measuring the results.Your
12、e not just believing that its a better idea to refer to research Youre going to say,oh,if we do this in the design,were going to have a result.And were going to commit to measuring that result and see if we succeeded in what we did.第二级是你做了前面所有的这些事情。但你现在要在设计前对设计的预期结果进行假设,要确定测量,这样你就可以知道结果是否达到了。你要测量结果,
13、而不是仅仅参考别人的研究。你会说:“如果在设计中这样做,就会有我们的结果,而且我们要测量这个结果,看看我们做的事情是否成功。Level 1 is not really measuring anything.Its just looking for success stories.Level 2 hypothesizes what well do.Itll have an outcome,and Im going to measure it.第一级并没有真正测量任何东西,它只是在寻找成功的案例。第二级我们假设将做什么,它会有一个结果,并要测量它。Not everybody can have th
14、eir own definition.This level 2,is my personal definition of the minimum level where a practitioner can say that Im an evidence-based practitioner.If youre not measuring what youre doing,Im not comfortable identifying it as being truly evidence.I have to admit most of my career was level 1.I was not
15、 measuring things,you know.不是每个人都能有自己的定义。按照我个人的定义,达到第二级,可以说自己是一个循证设计的从业者最低的水平。如果你不测量你正在做的事情,我就不愿意把它认定为真正的证据。我不得不承认,我职业生涯的大部分时间都是第一级,我没有测量什么。Then,level 3 is you do all of the first and second Levels.But now were going to share the results.Were going to take the measurements and the results that we ob
16、tain.And were going to let other people know what we learned.This is a problem in the United States for architects because most of them believe that this is secret information that they shouldnt share.Thats wrong.Thats not a good idea.But if you share your information and conferences,or articles,you
17、 get other people to do a post-occupancy,evaluation,and so on.第三级包括了第一级和第二级所做的工作,但现在我们要分享测量和获得的结果,而且我们要让其他人知道我们学到了什么。这在美国对建筑师来说是一个挑战,因为他们中的大多数人认为这是秘密信息,不应该分享。这种想法是不对的。如果你分享你的信息或文章,你可以让其他人做使用后评估或预测等等。Level 4 is you do this all at an academic level of rigor.You know youre dealing with scientists,and y
18、ou deal with peer-reviewed publications.Each level just increases the number 北京规划建设 207 INTERVIEW 访谈of things that must be done.You dont skip over anything you have to deal with it.When this was published,people thought he was recommending that everything ought to be done at Level 4,and thats not tr
19、ue.You do some projects that are so minor that you dont really need to do any research.You dont really need to refer to resources.You may do a number of projects where you are actually measuring things,and then maybe not all of them really deserve to be shared publicly.The question is you know what
20、level is,not what every project has to be level does.第四级是你以严谨的学术水平做这一切。你知道你是在和科学家打交道,你处理的是同行评审的出版物。这里的每个级别只是增加了必须要做的事情的数量,你不会跳过任何必须要做的事情。当成果发表时,人们认为他建议所有的事情都应该在第四级完成,而这并不正确。你做的一些项目非常小,你真的不需要做任何研究。你并不真的需要参考资料。你可能会做一些项目,在这些项目中,你实际上是在测量东西,不是所有的项目都值得公开分享,关键是你知道每个项目都要做到什么水平。KH:The answer is,yes.The idea
21、is referring to evidence that has the opportunity to improve design decisions,and it doesnt matter what you can do for museums.You can do it for fire stations.You can do it for residences.When youre going to identify a design issue,you need to solve this problem in design.And is it possible to learn
22、 something that makes your decision better?And thats true for all building types.答案是可以。循证设计是指那些有机会改善设计决策的证据,你可以为博物馆做点什么,你也可以为消防站做这件事,你还可以为住宅做这件事。当你要确定一个设计问题时,你需要在设计中解决这个问题。而是否有可能学到一些东西,使你的决定变得更好?这对于所有的建筑类型都是如此。Healthcare is one where its pretty serious.And you really want to make the right decision.
23、Evidence-based design is widely understood and designed for health.I have always said that sustainable design or green design is the strongest.The people who are doing those kinds of designs.Every point that you wish to earn with a lead certification is based on evidence.The sustainability people ha
24、ve used a lot of evidence to help develop their guidelines to help develop their work.They just dont call it evidence-based design,but theyre doing it.医疗是一个非常严谨的话题,而且我们真的想做出正确的决策。基于证据的设计被广泛接纳,并为健康而设计。我一直说,可持续设计或绿色设计是最强的。那些做这类设计的人希望获得的每一份认证都是基于证据的。可持续发展的人使用了大量的证据来帮助他们制定指导方针,以帮助发展他们的工作。他们只是不称其为基于证据的设计
25、,但他们正在这样做。And healthcare design has adopted the model and almost any other building type could use the strategy.The first part of the question why does it is an evidence-based design.Well,if you want to be able to identify a healing environment,Ive always said you ought to be able to tell me who was
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