-专八改错真题及答案-共11页.pdf

2000 年年-2015 年专八短文改错试题年专八短文改错试题2015 年 3 月 21 日专业八级考试改错When I was in my early teens,I was taken to a spectacular showon ice by the mother of a friend.Looked round a the luxury of the 1._rink,my friends mother remarked on the“plush”seats we had beengiven.I did not know what she meant,and being proud of my 2._vocabulary,I tried to infer its meaning from the context.“Plush”was clearly intended as a complimentary,a positive evaluation;that 3._much I could tell it from the tone of voice and the context.So I 4._started to use the word.Yes,I replied,they certainly are plush,andso are the ice rink and the costumes of the skaters,arent they?Myfriends mother was very polite to correct me,but I could tell from her 5._expression that I had not got the word quite right.Often we can indeed infer from the context what a word roughlymeans,and that is in fact the way which we usually acquire both 6._new words and new meanings for familiar words,specially in our 7._own first language.But sometimes we need to ask,as I should haveasked for Plush,and this is particularly true in the 8._aspect of a foreign language.If you are continually surrounded by 9._speakers of the language you are learning,you can ask them directly,but often this opportunity does not exist for the learner of English.So dictionaries have been developed to mend the gap.10._2014 改错 There is widespread consensus among scholars that second language acquisition(SLA)emerged as a distinct field of research from the late 1950s to early 1960s.There is a high level of agreement that the following questions(1)_have possessed the most attention of researchers in this area:(2)_l Is it possible to acquire an additional language in thesame sense one acquires a first language?(3)_l What is the explanation for the fact adults have(4)_more difficulty in acquiring additional languages than children have?l What motivates people to acquire additional language?l What is the role of the language teaching in the(5)_acquisition of additional languages?l What social-cultural factors,if any,are relevant in studying thelearning of additional languages?From a check of the literature of the field it is clear that all(6)_the approaches adopted to study the phenomena of SLA so far haveone thing in common:The perspective adopted to view the acquiringof an additional language is that of an individual attempts to do(7)_so.Whether one labels it“learning”or“acquiring”an additionallanguage,it is an individual accomplishment or what is under(8)_focus is the cognitive,psychological,and institutional status of anindividual.That is,the spotlight is on what mental capabilities areinvolving,what psychological factors play a role in the learning(9)_or acquisition,and whether the target language is learnt in theclassroom or acquired through social touch with native speakers.(10)_2013 专八短文改错试题Psycho-linguistics is the name given to the study of the psychological processes involved in language.Psycholinguistics study understanding,production and remembering language,and hence are concerned with (1)_listening,reading,speaking,writing,and memory for language.One reason why we take the language for granted is that it usually (2)_happens so effortlessly,and most of time,so accurately.(3)_Indeed,when you listen to someone to speaking,or looking at this page,(4)_you normally cannot help but understand it.It is only in exceptional circumstances we might become aware of the complexity (5)_involved:if we are searching for a word but cannot remember it;if a relative or colleague has had a stroke which has influenced (6)_their language;if we observe a child acquire language;if (7)_we try to learn a second language ourselves as an adult;or if we are visually impaired or hearing-impaired or if we meet anyone else who is.As we shall see,all these examples (8)_of what might be called“language in exceptional circumstances”reveal a great deal about the processes evolved in speaking,(9)_listening,writing and reading.But given that language processes were normally so automatic,we also need to carry out careful (10)_experiments to get at what is happening.2012 年The central problem of translating has always been whether to translate literally or freely.The argument has been going since at least the first (1)_century B.C.Up to the beginning of the 19th century,many writersfavoured certain kind of“free”translation:the spirit,not the letter;the (2)_sense not the word;the message rather the form;the matter not (3)_the manner.This is the often revolutionary slogan of writers who (4)_wanted the truth to be read and understood.Then in the turn of 19th (5)_century,when the study of cultural anthropology suggested thatthe linguistic barriers were insuperable and that the language (6)_was entirely the product of culture,the view translation was impossible (7)_gained some currency,and with it that,if was attempted at all,it must be as (8)_literal as possible.This view culminated the statement of the (9)_extreme“literalists”Walter Benjamin and Vladimir Nobokov.The argument was theoretical:the purpose of the translation,thenature of the readership,the type of the text,was not discussed.Toooften,writer,translator and reader were implicitly identified witheach other.Now,the context has changed,and the basic problem remains.(10)_2011 年专八真题改错部分From a very early age,perhaps the age of five or six,I knew that when I grew I should be a writer.Between the ages of about 1_seventeen and twenty-four I tried to abandon this idea,but I did so with the conscience that I was outraging my true nature and that 2_soon or later I should have to settle down and write books.3_ I was the child of three,but there was a gap of five years 4_on either side,and I barely saw my father before I was eight.For this and other reasons I was somewhat lonely,and I soon developed disagreeing mannerisms which made me unpopular throughout my 5_schooldays.I had the lonely childs habit of making up stories and holding conversations with imaginative persons,and I think from 6_ the very start my literal ambitions were mixed up with the feeling of 7_being isolated and undervalued.I knew that I had a facility with words and a power of facing in unpleasant facts,and I felt that this created 8_a sort of private world which I could get my own back for my failure 9_ in everyday life.Therefore,the volume of serious i.e.seriously 10_intended writing which I produced all through my childhood and boyhood would not amount to half a dozen pages.I wrote my first poem at the age of four or five,my mother taking it down to dictation.2010 年专八真题改错部分So far as we can tell,all human languages are equally complete and perfect as instruments of communication:that is,every language appears to be well equipped as any other to say 1_the things their speakers want to say.2_There may or may not be appropriate to talk about primitive 3_ peoples or cultures,but that is another matter.Certainly,not all groups of people are equally competent in nuclear physics or psychology or the cultivation of rice.Whereas this is not the 4_ fault of their language.The Eskimos,it is said,can speak about snow with further more precision and subtlety than we can in 5_ English,but this is not because the Eskimo language(one of those sometimes miscalled primitive)is inherently more precise and subtle than English.This example does not come to light a defect 6_in English,a show of unexpected primitiveness.The position is simply and obviously that the Eskimos and the English live in similar 7_ environments.The English language will be just as rich in terms 8_for different kinds of snow,presumably,if the environments in which Englishwas habitually used made such distinction as important.9_ Similarly,we have no reason to doubt that the Eskimo language could be as precise and subtle on the subject of motor manufacture or cricket if these topics formed the part of the Eskimos life.10_ 2009The previous section has shown how quickly a rhyme passesfrom one school child to the next and illustrates the further difference (1)_between school lore and nursery lore.In nursery lore a verse,learnt in early childhood,is not usually passed on again when the (2)_ little listener has grown up,and has children of their own,or even (3)_grandchildren.The period between learning a nursery rhyme and transmitting it may be something from twenty to seventy years.With (4)_the playground lore,therefore,a rhyme may be excitedly passed (5)_ on within the very hour it is learnt;and in the general,it passes (6)_ between children of the same age,or nearly so,since it is uncommon for the difference in age between playmates to be more than five years.If,therefore,a playground rhyme can be shown to have been currently for a hundred years,or even just for fifty,it follows that it (7)_has been retransmitted over and over;very possibly it has passed (8)_along a chain of two or three hundred young hearers and tellers,and the wonder is that it remains live after so much handling,(9)_to let alone that it bears resemblance to the (10)_2008 年专八真题 短文改错 The desire to use language as a sign of national identity is avery natural one,and in result language has played a prominent _1_part in national moves.Men have often felt the need to cultivate _2_a given language to show that they are distinctive from another _3_ race whose hegemony they resent.At the time the United States _4_split off from Britain,for example,there were proposals thatindependence should be linguistically accepted by the use of a _5_different language from those of Britain.There was even one _6_ proposal that Americans should adopt Hebrew.Others favouredthe adoption of Greek,though,as one man put it,things wouldcertainly be simpler for Americans if they stuck on to English _7_ and made the British learn Greek.At the end,as everyone _8_ knows,the two countries adopted the practical and satisfactorysolution of carrying with the same language as before._9_Since nearly two hundred years now,they have shown the world _10_that political independence and national identity can be completewithout sacrificing the enormous mutual advantages of a commonlanguage.customer.20151.looked 改成改成 looking 2.she 后面加后面加 had 3.去掉第二个去掉第二个 a 4.去掉去掉 it 5.polite 改成改成 politely 6.which 改成改成 that 7.specially 改成改成 especially 8.this 改成改成 it 9.continually 改成改成 often 10.mend 改成改成 narrow20141.把 of 去掉。2.把 possessed 改成 attracted，3.把 a 改成 the4.在 facts 和 adults 之间加个 that，5.把第二个 the 去掉。6.把第二个 of 改成 in7.把 attempts 改成 attempt8.把 or 改成 and9.what 改成 how10.把 touche 改成 touches20131.production 改成 producing 2.去掉 the 3.去掉 accurately 前面的 so 4.looking 改为 look 5.we 前面加 that 6.去掉 colleague 后面的 has 7.their 改成 his 8.anyone 改成 pure 老师 someone 9.evolved 改成 involved10.were 改成 are 2012参考答案：参考答案：1going since加入 on题解：go on 的意思是“继续”，符合句子表达的含义“争论一直在继续”。2certain改为 a certain题解：此处要表达的意思是“很多作家喜欢一种自由的翻译方法”，第一次出现这种方法应该加上不定冠词。3rather改为 not题解：根据原句的句子结构，rather 应改为 not。4is 改为 was题解：此句应该为过去时。5in 改为 at题解：at the turn of 19th century“十九世纪之初”，是固定搭配。6the 删去第二个 the题解：这里并没有特指某种语言，所以不用定冠词。7viewtranslation加入 that题解：在 view 和 translation 之间加上 that，可将“translation was impossible”看成 view 的同位语。8was删去 was题解：条件状语从句常可以省略主语和系动词。9culminatedthe加入 in题解：culminate in 是“以.告终”的意思，符合上下文含义。10and 改为 but 题解：原句意思“现在背景变化了，但是基本问题依然存在”，两句话之间应该是转折关系20111，在 grow 后加 up,考固定短语2，改 consience 为 consciousness 考词语区别，consience 翻译为“良心，道德心”,consiousness 翻译为“意识”3，改 soon 为 sooner，sooner or later 是固定短语4，在 child 前加 middle,考上下文理解。作者是三个孩子句中的那位5，改 disagreeing 为 disagreeable，disagreeing 只能作动名词，不能作形容词。disagreeable mannernisms 令人讨厌的习惯6，改 imaginative 为 imaginary,考词语区别 imaginative 翻译为“有想象力的”，imaginary 翻译为“想象的，虚构的”7，改 literal 为 literary,考词义区别，literal 翻译为“字面的”，literary 翻译为“文学方面的”8，去掉 face 后的 in，face 接宾语时是及物动词。考动词的基本用法9，在 world 后加 in 或者改 which 为 where,考定语从句10，改 Therefore 为 However 或者 Nevertheness,考语境。感悟：11 专八改错相对前几年专八改错要简单一点。本人认为词义区别考得过多了。2010 2010 年专八真题改错参考答案以及分词1 be 后插入 as;asas 引导的比较级2 their 改为 its;its 代替 every language3 There 改为 It;It 此处作为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式4 Whereas 改为 But；语境需要表示转折的连词，whereas 表示对比5 further 改为 much further 不能修饰比较级6 come 改为 bring;(sth)come to light,bring sth to light bring to light the defect of English=bring the defect of english to light 揭示英语的缺陷7 similar 改为 different;根据语境应该用 different8 will 改为 would;虚拟语气9 as important 去掉 as;10 the part 去掉 the 或者改 the 为 a be/become/form(a)part of 是固定短语2009答案分析：(1)the further difference 改为 a further difference（此次应该用不定冠词表示泛指）(2)改 when 为 until,结构 not.until 翻译为“直到才”(3)their 改为 his（代词与前文 a little listener 在单复数上保持一致）(4)something 改为 anything 此处指二十到七十的任何时段(5)therefore 改为 however（根据上下文逻辑关系）(6)in the general 去掉 the（习惯用法 in general 表示总的来说，一般不用冠词）(7)currently 改为 current（这里起的是表语的作用，需要形容词而不是副词）(8)it has passed 改为 it has been passed（与分号前的被动保持一致）(9)live 改为 alive alive 翻译为“鲜活的”，一般作补语；live 翻译为“现场转播的；活的”，一般作定语(10)to let alone 改为 let alone(let alone 为习惯搭配，意思是“更不用说20081.in result 改成 in consequence，2 moves 改成 movements.3 distinctive 改成 distinct 或 different 4 在 time 后加 when 5 accepted 改成 realized 6 those 改成 that 7 删除 on,8 At 改成 In9 carrying with 改成 carrying on with10 now 改成 ago20071,改 and 为 or,any languagages today or recordsof ancient languages 是并列成分，在否定句中用 or2,改 show 为 showing,现在分词作定语3，删除 the,表示泛指4，改 and 为 but,根据语境此处是转折5，改 large 为 larger,后面有 than,应该用比较级6，改 in 为 on,on other grounds“基于其它理由”，为固定搭配7，改 return 为 response ,in response to“对作出反应”8，删除 on,emphasize sth emphasize 是及物动词 9，在 large 前加 a,extent 是可数名词，前面要加冠词。to a large extent翻译为“在很大程度上”10，改 these 为 those those that/who 为固定形式20061,改 agreeing 为 agreed agreed conventions 翻译为“习俗”2，words 前加 the,此处为特指3，改 in 为 at at ones disposal 为固定短语，翻译为“由某人做主”4，改 enables 为 enable，定语从句与先行词 vocabulary and a set of grammatical rules 保持一致5，删除 the,此处需要泛指6，改 old 为 older,此处需要比较级7，改 seen 为 understood，system 应该是被理解8，删除 it take sth for granted take it for granted that9,改 or 为 and ,语境需要并列关系而不需选择关系10，most 前加 the,形容词最高级中 that 一般不能省略 20051.investing 应改为 invested，过去分词作定语2.在 irrespective 和 fluctuations 之间加上介词 of。irrespectiveOf 是一固定用法，意指“不论，不管，不顾，”等，此处指公司不顾收入的波动变化。3.把 those 改为 that，that 此处代替 outlook4在 fact 和 economic 之间力口上关系代词 that。这是一个同位语从语，that 在同位语从句中是不能省略的.5把定冠词 the 去掉,in school 表示上学这个抽象意义6把形容词 poor 改为其比较级 poorer。这句中的 poor 与后面的 more 形成一对比较关系，表示“越越”7在 ways 和 which 之间加上一个介词 in。8这里应该用动词的lng 形式，即 eliminating，以便使句型结构与前面的 giving(students a governance role)保持一致，否则句子结构和意思都显得不正确。9将 shorten(缩短；使变短)改为 reduce/lesson/weaken。此处属于用词不当。10将 to give discounts on 改为 to give discounts to their best customer。意为实业公司给最好的客户提供优惠。Give discounts to sb 为固定短语 20041.,在 set 后加 up,set up“建立、成立”是固定短语2.答案：consisted consisting/composed3.答案：in on【详细解答】固定搭配 on.occasions4.答案 rely 后加 on【详细解答】固定搭配 rely on sb.to do something5.答案：make out make【详细解答】make out 意思是“辨认出”，而此处意思是“对.做详细的研究”，故用“make detailed studies of.”即可。6.答案：its their【详细解答】此处指代的是“investigations”,故用复数。7.答案：public the public【详细解答】the+adj.可表示某一类人，此处意思是“面向公众”，故应用“the public”。8.答案：nevertheless therefore/thus【详细解答】此处不是表示意思的转折，而是与前文构成因果关系，故可改为 therefore 或 thus。9.答案：interests interest【详细解答】此处看成不可数名词为佳10.答案：these those【详细解答】those 指代 witnesses,即指代名词复数做定语从句的先行词，而 these 不行20031.答案：heighthigh，hi