高三英语语法填空复习2.pdf

基础写作题形讲与练基础写作题形讲与练一、考查形式一、考查形式 英语广东卷“基础写作”的命题形式即材料的呈现形式可以多种多样，包括情景、图画、图表、提纲等，要求考生根据规定的写作内容，写一篇短文，不限字数，只能使用 5 个句子表达全部内容。基础写作的测试形式：写作能力测试形式短文写作实用性写作图文信息转换电子邮件 体裁日记，小故事等卡片、信件、说明、留言、填写表格等图表描述、信息解读配图说话、调查表高考英语书面表达中是否出现已经出现已经出现已经出现已经出现二、考查内容二、考查内容 课标 24 个写作话题：1学生个人情况13文娱与体育(电影电视、国际赛事)2家庭、朋友与周围的人14日常活动(洗刷、洗澡、吃饭、行走等)3周围的环境15个人情感、情绪(喜、怒、哀、乐)4健康16语言学习、语言文化、交际 5天气17学校生活(建筑、夏令营、郊游、野炊等)6旅游和交通18兴趣与爱好(美术、表演、体育、集邮、阅读等)7自然(火灾、地震)19历史与地理(中外进步的、主要的历史人物、事件)8人际关系20社会(现代名人、法律法规、服饰、习俗与文化)9计划与愿望21热点话题(人口、环保、犯罪与惩罚、社会阶层差异)10节日22文学与艺术(著名文学家、文学作品、艺术家)11购物23世界与环境(土地使用、污染、人口、住房)12饮食24科普知识与现代技术(最新发明、医学进步、电脑科学)三、能力要求三、能力要求 写作是四项语言技能(听说读写)中不可分割的一个重要部分，更是语言生成能力的重要表现形式。考试说明要求考生能够写简单的私人信函、日记、通知和便条等，体现写作微技能：基础写作应测试的能力信息归类将信息进行归类，并初步计划将哪些信息放到同一个句子中；信息排列将信息进行合理的排列，排列必须依照一定的标准，如时间顺序、空间顺序、因果关系、递进关系等。既要考虑语法上能否衔接，还要考虑语意上的连贯。信息组织的能力信息表达选择信息表达的秩序后，还要对某些信息进行必要的增删，使文章意思连贯、语言畅通、逻辑严密。基本句型基本句型，拼写和标点符号的正确运用与否之间影响到考生的写作成绩复合句包括含有名词性从句的复合句，含有定语从句的复合句，含有状语从句的复合句。句子运用的能力复杂句型并列句包括具有递进关系的并列句，如由 and，then，besides，in addition,furthermore，moreover,whats more 等连接的并列句，具有转折关系的并列句，如由 but，however，on the contrary,after all 等连接的并列句，具有平行选择关系的并列句，如由 bothand，as well as，as well，neithernoror，eitheror，not onlybut also等连接的并列句。特殊句型如使用强调句、倒装句、含有 with 复合结构的句子、there be 开头的句子、以形式主语 it 开头的句子等。四、解题技巧四、解题技巧 基础写作的准备与训练，有必要注意以下的步骤与方法：第一步：确定文体：中学常用的文体有记叙文、说明文和应用文，如书信、日记、通知等：解题时应先根据提供的图画、提纲或表格等确定适合的体裁后进行写作：第二步：确定时态和人称：要根据选好的文体和写作内容确定时态。一般来说，记人叙事多用一般过去时；发布通知多用一般将来时和祈使句式；发表议论多用带有情态动词的一般现在时；人物介绍、现状说明常用一般现在时和现在完成时等：第三步：确定所需主要词汇和表达结构：对于图画和图表，可在草稿纸上用中文列出要点，然后选词造句，对列出的要点逐一翻译：应学会尽可能使用较高级的语法结构和词汇，如非谓语动词、复合句等。第四步：整理成篇：根据内容编排，分清层次、确定详略，将写好的单句重新排列组合起来，使之前后连贯成一篇完整的文章：同时选用恰当的关联词使文章过渡自然，行文流畅。最大限度地使文章完美。第五步：复查。复查的内容包括：格式、写作内容、准确性、连贯性、完整性等：五、高考实例五、高考实例2008 年广东高考英语真题：基础写作(共 l 小题，满分 15 分)你很荣幸地成为 2008 北京奥运会的一名志愿者，负责编写奥运比赛项目的英语介绍。写作内容请根据以下中文提纲，编写射击项目的英语介绍：背景：射击最初只是生存工具，19 世纪末才发展成为一项体育运动。1896：第一次成为奥运项目1904：中断1928：中断1932：重回奥运会1968：第一次允许妇女参加奥运射击比赛现状：稳步发展，1896 奥运会只有三项射击项目，现今有 17 项。写作要求 只能使用 5 个句子表达全部内容评分标准句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章结构连贯。命题特点 1今年的基础写作内容为“奥运射击项目的英语介绍”，主题新颖，时代感强，题意清晰，考试意图明确。2本题要求考生根据所提供的信息，使用 5 个句子表达全部内容：要求考生表达的信息，试题已经全部给出，考生不需要再发挥。3本题重点考查重要信息的完整性，句子结构的准确性和篇章结构的连贯性。解题思路句 1射击的背景句 21896 年成为奥运项目句 3两年的中断与 1932 年重回奥运会句 4第一次允许妇女参加射击比赛；1确定 5 个句子所含的内容点句 5现状介绍2确定体裁和时态本文是一篇有关奥运比赛项目射击的说明文，时态以一般过去时为主，现在时态为辅，在使用时态时应具一致性，避免混用最初in the beginningat first生存工具a means of survivala tool for survival away to survive19 世纪末in the late 19th century/at the end of 19th century奥运项目an Olympic event中断stopdiscontinuecancelsuspend参加比赛take part in/participate in/join in the match3注意一些词语的正确表达稳步发展growdevelop steadily被动语态The contest was cancelledNone were contested during the 1904 and 1928 GamesWomen were first allowed to compete in Olympic shooting in 19684各种句子结构各种句型Not until 1896 did shooting become on event of the OlympicsNot until l932 did shooting return to the Olympic GamesIt was not until the end of the 19th century that shooting,originated as a means of survival,developed into a sport.Only in the late 19th century did shooting,served as a way of survival at first,develop into a sport.并列关系and，besides，moreover，furthermore，in addition，additionally5连接词转折关系but，however，yet如何写草稿打草稿时不要写得太密，行与行之间要留出空白，以便检查修改6写草稿和修改草稿检查的项目1)内容要点是否完整，是否写了 5 个句子，文章是否连贯。2)是否有时态错误、主谓不一致、动词重叠、缺词、多词等低级错误。3)是否有单词拼写和词组搭配错误。4)是否有大小写、标点符号和断句等错误。7誊写定稿誊写时要对写作中由于粗心造成的错误做个别改动，做到书写工整、卷面整洁参考答案 1：Shooting Shooting,simply a means of making a living,developed into a kind of sport at the end of the 19th century.It first appeared in the 1896 Olympic Games.Canceled in 1904 and in 1928,the sport returned to the Olympics in 1932.It was not until 1968 that women were first allowed to compete in Olympic shooting.Now,with its steady development,shooting includes 17 events,while only 3 in 1896.参考答案 2 Shooting,originated as a means of survival,developed into a sport only in the late 19th century.The sport first appeared in 1896,but none were contested during the 1904 and 1928 Games.The sport returned to the Olympics in 1932.Women were first allowed to compete in the Olympic shooting in 1968.The sport has grown steadily from just three shooting events at the 1896 Olympic Games to 17 today.参考答案 3 It was not until at the end of 19th century that shooting,originated as a means of survival,earned its status as a sport.Shooting became an Olympic event officially in 1896.Yet,twice in history(1904,1928)shooting was suspended at the Olympics.It returned to the Games in 1932,and women were first allowed to participate in the competition in 1968.The sport has been growing steadily from 1896s three events to todays seventeen.六、实战演练六、实战演练基础写作这项练习基础写作这项练习 第第 1 篇篇 写作内容 2008 年 1 月，一场 50 年以来最严重的、持续了近 20 天的冰雪灾害袭击了中国南方地区。请用英语给你们学校的广播站写一份英语稿件，报道这件事，主要包括以下内容：灾害损失情况：，1大约 4.37 亿亩的森林和农田受损；2暴风雪造成交通中断，大量旅客滞留；3造成 100 多人死亡，成千上万的人无家可归。重建工作；1大型的清理和重建工作已经在南方灾区启动；2。如果愿意伸出援助之手，请拨扛电话 [phone] 参考词汇；滞留 detain 写作要求 1只能用五个句子表达全部内容；2文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。评分标准 句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章结构连贯。答案：In January 2008,a heavy snow hit the southern parts of China,which lasted for nearly 20 days.As the most serious snow for the past 50 years in China,it destroyed about 437 million mu of forest and farmland,causing more than 100 deaths and leaving thousands of people homeless.Whats worse,the traffic was held up by the snow-storm and a large number of passengers were detained.A massive cleanup and reconstruction work is being launched for the snow-stricken parts of China.If you are willing to help,please call 021-44856739.基础写作这项练习基础写作这项练习 第第 2 篇篇 当今学生身体状况令人担忧，“吃得好，跑不动，跳不高”成为一种很普遍的现象，而眼睛近视的学生大约占到三分之二。针对这一现象，教育部、国家体育总局、共青团中央于2006 年 4 月 29 日在全国范围内全面启动“全国亿万学生阳光体育运动(Sunshine sports for millions of students nationwide)”。写作内容 1当今学生的身体状况及你对“全国亿万学生阳光体育运动”的评价；2你对学生们的一些建议。写作要求 1必须用 5 个句子介绍全部所给的内容；2将 5 个句子组织成连贯的短文。答案：Nowadays the students health is becoming worse.Eating well.running slowly and jumping low has been so contain among teenagers and about two thirds of them are short-sighted.So I think Sunshine sports for millions of students nationwide is a very good activity that can help solve students health problems.For all the students,taking part in the above activity is really a good chance for them to build up their bodies.Also,students should get rid of bad habits and exercise by doing all kinds of sports.基础写作这项练习基础写作这项练习 第第 3 篇篇【写作内容写作内容】假设你校与美国某中学是姊妹学校，美方中学的校刊来信想要了解你校学生课外活动的情况。下表是你校课外活动的情况和活动内容。课外活动时间每周二、三、五（4：105：00 p.m.）活动项目体育运动、阅读、画画、乐器演奏、英语游戏等受欢迎的项目电脑、画画、吉他希望和建议增加课外活动时间；减少作业量；多组织参加社会实践【写作要求写作要求】（1）必须使用 5 个句子介绍全部所给的内容；（2）将 5 个句子组织成连贯的短文；（3）题目：Out-of-Class Activities in Our School答案：Out-of-Class Activities in Our SchoolThere is one period of Out-of-Class Activities in our school,which is held from 4：105：00 p.m.every Tuesday,Wednesday and Friday.We have all kinds of activities,including sports,reading,handwriting,playing musical instruments,playing English games and so on.Of all the activities,computer,handwriting and guitar are the most popular.However,we students hope that we can have more time of our out-of-class activities with less homework.Whats more,our school may organize us to go out of our school so that we can know more about our society.基础写作这项练习基础写作这项练习 第第 4 篇篇假设你是学校太阳能汽车研究小组的成员，请用英文写一篇短文，对比介绍太阳能汽车和普通汽车。主要信息点如下表：太阳能汽车普通汽车特点使用太阳能使用汽油、燃气优点安全、清洁污染环境缺点能量小、速度慢，夜间不能行驶能量足，使用方便建议发展技术，提高能量使用清洁能源写作要求只能使用 5 个句子表达全部的内容。评分标准句子结构的准确性，信息内容的完整性和连贯性。答案：Solar cars are cars that use sunlight for power while common cars use gas or petral as their fuel.Both of them have advantages and disadvantages.Solar cars are safe and clean,but they have low power,they are slow and they cannot run at night.Common cars have strong power and they are convenient to use,but they pollute the environment.I think we need to develop future technologies to improve the power for solar cars and to use clean energy for common cars.基础写作这项练习基础写作这项练习 第第 5 篇篇最近我国的教育专家对我国中学生所喜爱的节日进行了一项调查，北京、成都等地的 1000 多名中学生接受了调查。结果表明，80以上的学生对春节等我国的传统节日知晓，50的学生最喜爱春节，其它情况如下图所示。中学生喜爱的节日0%10%20%30%40%50%60%春节圣诞节父母亲节中秋节其它请根据以上内容，为学校广播站写一篇英文发言稿。写作要求只能使用 5 个句子表达全部的内容。评分标准句子结构的准确性，信息内容的完整性和连贯性。答案：Recently some Chinese educational experts did a survey to find out which festivals are the most favourite ones among middle school students.More than 1,000 students from Beijing and Chengdu participated in the activity.The result shows that over 80%of the students are familiar with our classical festivals.About 50%of the students choose the Spring Festival as their most favourite.Next come Chiristmas Day,Fathers and Mothers Day and Mid-autumn Day,with 20%,10%and about 8%respectively.基础写作这项练习基础写作这项练习 第第 6 篇篇你的英语老师拟定下个星期的英语角活动内容为“当你面对困难和挫折(frustration)的时候”，要求每个同学在本星期五之前写一篇英文短文，扼要谈谈对待困难和挫折的态度。写作内容1.每个人都会遇到许许多多、各种各样的困难和挫折；2.每个人对待困难和挫折的态度不同，乐观者会冷静地找出原因，然后想法解决问题；悲观者后悔、抱怨、甚至放弃；3.遇到困难和挫折时，要说“太好了！”因为你抓住了锻炼自己的机会。看到他人收到挫折时，应该说“你有困难吗？让我来帮助你吧！”写作要求只能使用 5 个句子表达全部的内容。评分标准句子结构的准确性，信息内容的完整性和连贯性。答案：Everyone can meet with all kinds of difficulties and frustrations in life,but everyone takes a different attitude toward them.Some are optimistic while others are pessimistic.Optimistic people will calmly look for the causes of the difficulties and frustrations,and then try to solve the problems when they are faced with many difficulties and frustrations,however,pessimistic people will feel regretful，complain of others,and even give up working hard.In my opinion,we should say“It is very good!”,because we seize the opportunity tg train our3elv%s.Uhef we find someone i.trouble,ge should say with cmncern“n You h!ve an9 difficult9?L%t ee help yku/qt!”