新版新目标英语八年级下册unit-7知识点总结-共6页.pdf

第 1 页 共 6 页八年级英语下册单元知识点总结 Unit 7 Whats the highest mountain in the world?一、重点短语一、重点短语 1.the population of China 中国的人口中国的人口 2.one of the oldest countries 最古老的国家之一最古老的国家之一 3.feel free to do sth.随意地做某事随意地做某事 4.as far as I know 据我所知据我所知 as you can see 正如你所看见的正如你所看见的,5.mountain climbing/climbing mountains 登山运动登山运动 6.live up to 活到活到 7.higher than any other mountain 比其他任何一座山高比其他任何一座山高 8.of all 在所有的在所有的.中中 9.run along 绵延，横亘绵延，横亘 10.another 200 or so 还有大约还有大约 200 左右左右 11.one of the worlds most dangerous sports 最危险的运动之一最危险的运动之一 12.one of the most popular places 最受欢迎的地方之一最受欢迎的地方之一 13.risk their lives 冒着他们的生命危险冒着他们的生命危险 14.challenge oneself 挑战自我挑战自我 15.in the face of difficulties 面临困难面临困难 16.take in air 呼吸空气呼吸空气 17.the first people to do sth.第一个做某事的人第一个做某事的人 18.achieve one s dream 实现某人的梦想实现某人的梦想 =make ones dream come true 19.the forces of nature 自然界的力量自然界的力量 20.reach the top 到达顶峰到达顶峰 21.even though 虽然虽然;尽管尽管 22.at birth 在出生的时候在出生的时候 23.be awake 醒着醒着 24.run over with excitement 兴奋地跑过去兴奋地跑过去 25.walk into sb.撞到某人撞到某人 26.die from 死于死于 27.fall over 被绊倒被绊倒 28.take care of 照顾照顾;照料照料 29.every two years 每两年每两年 30.cut down the forests 砍伐林木砍伐林木 31.endangered animals 濒危动物濒危动物 32.fewer and fewer pandas 大熊猫越来越少大熊猫越来越少 33.be in danger 处于危险之中处于危险之中 34.the importance of saving these animals 拯救这些动物的重要性拯救这些动物的重要性 35.wild animals 野生动物野生动物 sea life 海洋生物海洋生物 36.water pollution 水污染水污染 37.only live for a short time because of illnesses 由于疾病仅活很短的时间由于疾病仅活很短的时间 38.make more homes for the pandas 为大熊猫建造更多的家园为大熊猫建造更多的家园 第 2 页 共 6 页39.stop putting rubbish into the sea 停止往大海里丢垃圾停止往大海里丢垃圾 40.protect from保护免于的伤害保护免于的伤害 e.g.protect children from catching a cold.保护孩子免于感冒保护孩子免于感冒 41.in the remaining forests 在剩下的森林里在剩下的森林里 二二.重点短语句型详解重点短语句型详解 1.The elephant weights many times more than this panda.这头大象的重量是这只熊猫的很多倍。【解析 1】weigh v 称的重量 weight n 重量【记】She weighs herself every day and wants to lose weight.【解析 2】time“是.的几倍”主语主语+数词数词+times+as+形容词形容词+as+被比较的内容被比较的内容 Our new school is four times as big as the old one.“次数”一次 once 两次 twice 三次及三次以上：基数词+times three times 三次 three or four times 三到四次【短语】many times 很多倍 last time(在)上次时 every time 每次/每回 each time 每当时 the first time 第一次时 next time(当)下次时 【句型】Its time for sth.或 Its time(for sb.)to do sth.意为：该是的时候了 e.g.Its time for dinner.Its time for children to go to bed.【2012 浙江杭州 2】We have two ears and one mouth so that we can listen _ we speak.A.as twice much as B.twice as much as C.as much as twice D.as much twice as 2.At birth,a baby panda is about _ to _ kilos.【解析】at birth 出生时 （用作时间状语）give birth(to sb/sth)生孩子；产仔 3.A panda can live up to _ to _ years.【解析】up to 高达 up to+数量词 达到（某数量、程度等）；至多 e.g.I can take up to four people in my car.直到（现在）be up to sb.“由某人决定”e.g.Shall we go out or stay in?Its up to you.4.Lin Wei and the other panda keepers are preparing the milk for the baby pandas breakfast.【解析】preparefor 为准备 1).prepare sth.表示准备.，后接名词或代词作宾语。Our English teacher was preparing the lessons when I came into the office.2).prepare to do sth.表示准备做.。They were preparing to cross the river when it began to rain.3).prepare for sth.表示为.做准备。The students are busy preparing for the final exam.5.At 9:00 a.m,they find that most of the babies are already awake and hungry.第 3 页 共 6 页【解析】awake adj.醒来（反义词）asleep 睡着的 She was awak all night.V.唤醒；使醒来=wake up The noise awak me.【2013 江苏苏州】Do you lie _ (醒着的）at night，worrying about things？()He fell _ early last night,and he was _ early this morning.A.sleep;wake B.asleep;wake C.asleep;awake D.sleep;awake 6.When the babies see the keepers,they run over with excitement and some of them even walk into their friends and fall down!【解析 1】run over 撞倒 run ran run running runner 赛跑的人【短语】run after 追逐,追求 run away from 从跑掉;逃避 run out(某物)被用完 run out of 用完(某物)run into 无意间碰到,和相撞 【解析 2】excitement 激动；兴奋 He told us an exciting story yesterday.excite v(使)兴奋 excitement n 激动；兴奋 Are you excited about going to Beijing?be excited about 对感到激动 to ones excitement 使某人兴奋的是【2013 遂宁 2】Everyone was _when they heard the _ news.Aexciting，exciting Bexcited，exciting Cexcitingexcited【解析 3】fall down 跌倒 fall“落下，跌落，降落”，指在重力的作用下落下，或失去平衡而跌落 The leaves fall in the autumn.fall down 强调的是“滑倒、倒下”，后接宾语时应加上介词 from The book fell down from the table to the floor.【短语】fall down 倒下 fall over 落在.之上,脸朝下跌倒 fall off 下降,跌落 fall over“向前摔倒、跌倒”。【2013 四川凉山】What happened to Mare He fell _ the bike _ a snowy morning.A.off;in B.down;at C.off;on 7.The baby often die from illness and do not live very long.熊猫幼崽常死于疾病，并且活不久。【解析 1】die v.（延续性动词）be dead 死，死亡 death n.死，死亡dead adj.死的 dying adj.将死的 Lucys dogs _(die)yesterday.Its_ made her sad.His grandpa _(die)for five years.()He _ for two years.We are still sad about his _.A.died;dead B.died;death C.has been dead;dead D.has been dead;death()The doctor _a _ boy yesterday.A.saved;dying B.saved;dead C.has saved;dead 【解析 2】illness 疾病；病 ill/sick 共同点：生病的；有病的 exciting 形容词，表示形容词，表示令人兴奋的；使人激动的令人兴奋的；使人激动的，指人、事、物本身让人兴奋、激动，指人、事、物本身让人兴奋、激动excited 形容词，表示兴奋的，指人、物对.感到兴奋，是（主动地感到）兴奋的第 4 页 共 6 页 不同点：ill adj.生病的；有病的作表语，不能作定语 be ill in hospital sick 作表语/作定语，病人a sick man 或 the sick,She is ill/sick in bed.她卧病在床。She is looking after her sick father.【拓展】sick 恶心的；厌倦的 The smell makes me sick.【2013 甘肃白银】25.He cant even move because of his (ill).8.Adult pandas spend more than 12 hours a day eating about 10 kilos of bamboo.【解析】spend (in)doing 花时间做某事【】spend/pay/cost/take 花费(1)spendspentspent v 花费,主语是人 sb.+spend+时间/钱+on sth sb.+spend+时间/钱+（in）doing sth spend on=pay for 支付【解析 2】He spends too much time on the computer games.()Remember to spend some time _ your loved ones,because theyre not going to be around forever.A.from B.with C.in D.on (2)pay paid paid v 支付，主语是人 sb.+pay+钱+for sth I pay 10 yuan for the book.()How much did you _ for this computer?Five hundred dollars.A.cost B.take C.spend D.pay(3)cost cost cost v 花费，主语是某物或某事 sth cost sb.+钱 某物花费某人多少钱 A new computer costs me a lot of money.【2012 广西贵港】I bought a new sweater last weekend.It _ me 120 yuan.A.paid B.take C.cost D.spend(4)taketook taken v 花费 It takes/took sb.some time to do sth.做某事花费某人多长时间【解析 2】It takes him 3 hours to do his homework.【2013 黑龙江绥化】10.It will _ them several years to learn English well.A.cost B.take C.spend【2012 曲靖中考】-Are you always online?-Yes.It _ me a lot of time to read the web pages I likes.Its the best way to kill time.A.takes B.spends C.uses D.pays【2013 鞍山】It only_ him 20 minutes _to his office every day.A.takes,to drive B.took,drive C.takes,drive D.took,to drive【2013 湖北荆州】22.It usually Mum about half an hour to cook supper.A.pays B.takes C.spends D.costs【2013 四川雅安】4.I spent$5 this book.A.in B.to buy C.buying D.buy 9.Scientists say there are now fewer than 2000 pandas living in the remaining forests.【解析】There be+名词（短语）+ving.某处有某人或某物在做某事 Thee is a truck collecting rubbish outside.【解析】remind v 保持，仍是（系动词+adj.）()Though he has been working hard,his math remains_.A.bad B.badly C.OK 第 5 页 共 6 页()At the meeting,they said nothing but _quiet.A.took B make C.reminded【2013 辽宁鞍山】25.Can I smoke in the dining hall?Sorry.Its not_.A.promised B.realized C.allowed D.reminded 10.Another 200 or so live in zoos or research centers in China and other countries.【解析 1】another+数词 另外的,再 another 同类事物（三个以上）的另一个，【解析 2】I dont like this one,please show me another.some.others 一些，另一些 Some boys are reading;others are listening to the radio.one.the other 表示两者里面的另一个！Ive bought two sweaters.One is for you and the other is for my brother.other+复数名词 Where are the other students?【2013 孝感 3】22.My family has two dogs.One is white,_ is black.A.other B.another C.the other D.others来源:学科网【2012 福建南平】Have you finished your work yet?No,no t yet.Itll take me _ ten minutes.A.other B.another C.the other 12.We all hope that in the future there will be a lot more pandas than now.【解析】【解析】there be 句型的将来时句型的将来时【2013 铜仁】Theres going to _ an English evening tonight?Would you like to go with us?Id love to.A.have B.has C.is D.be【2013 黔西南】_ two soccer games in our school next week.A.There is has B.There are have C.There are going to be D.There is going to be【2013 湘西】Do you think there _ robots in Peoples homes in the future?A.will be B.will is C.be will 13.Another reason for fewer and fewer pandas is because people are cutting down forests so pandas have fewer places to live and less bamboo to eat.【解析】比较级+and+比较级 越来越【2011 安徽芜湖 1】Funtawild Adventure is very popular and _ tourists visit it year by year.A.more and more B.fewer and fewer C.less and less D.more or less 【2011 湖北恩施 2】Farmers have become _ in our hometown in recent years.A.more and more rich B.richer and richer C.more rich and more rich【2013 辽宁鞍山 1】After rebuilding,our school is becoming _.A.more and more beautiful B.more beautiful and beautiful C.beautiful and beautiful D.the more beautiful（二）形容词和副词的比较级和最高级（二）形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 形容词及副词的比较级和最高级变化形式 一、规则变化 1.一般在词尾直接加 er 或 est，tall-taller-tallest，long-longer-longest 第 6 页 共 6 页2.以不发音的字母 e 结尾的单词在词尾直接加 r 或 st，nice-nicer-nicest 3.以辅音字母+y 结尾的词，把 y 变为 i，再加 er 或 est，heavy-heavier-heaviest 4.重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母，再加 er 或 est，big-bigger-biggest【注】:大,红,湿,热,悲,瘦,胖.双写末辅再变级.（big/red/wet/hot/sad/thin/fat）5.部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加 more 构成比较级和 most 构成最高级，beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful【注】:表示否定意义在其前加 less/least important-less important-least important English is more interesting than Chinese=Chinese is less interesting than English.6.由“形容词+ly”构成的副词,在其前加 more/most slowly-more slowly-most slowly；但 earlyearlier-earliest 二、不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best many/much more most little less least old old/elder old/eldest bad/badly/ill worse worst far farther(距离)/further（程度）farthest /furthest 下列单、双音节词只能加 more 和 most 注:形容词,副词同形有:back,high,well,fast,early,late,straight 三、常见用法 形容词或副词的比较级+than。如：You are taller than Tom.你比 Tom 高。可修饰比较级的词 a bit,a little,rather,much,far,a lot,a great deal,any,still,even.