七年级英语下册语法知识点.doc

七年级英语下册语法知识点

Unit1 语法知识点
本单元谈论笔友相关的内容
1. be from=come from 来自于
Eg: He is from Japan.= He comes from Japan.
Is he from Japan?=Does he come from Japan?
Where is he from?=Where does he come from?
2. pen pal (复数) pen pals apple tree (复数) apple trees
woman teacher women teachers (复数)
man teacher men teachers (复数)
当名词修饰名词，变复数时第二个名词变复数，男女修饰名词时，都变复数。
3. Country People Language
China Chinese
Canada Canadian(s)
Australia Australian(s)
France Frenchman(Frenchmen) French
Japan Japanese
America American(s)
England Englishman(Englishmen) English
4. 就语言提问的特殊疑问词是 What language
Eg: He speaks English.
What language does he speak?
5. favorite= like …best 最喜欢…
Eg: My favorite color is red.= I like red best
What’s your favorite color?= What color do you like best?
6. live in +地点 eg: He lives in Shanghai.
Where does he live?
7. want: ① want + n. eg: I want a new pen.
② want to do sth 想要做某事
eg: I want to buy a new pen.
③want sb. to do sth 想要某人做某事
eg: I want you to buy a new pen.
注：want =would like
8. interest: n. 兴趣
adj. interesting \interested两个词的区别：
The book is interesting.
主语必须是物（the book）
I am interested in English.
主语必须是人（I）
※ 短语：sb. be interested in sth 某人对某物感兴趣。
9. country 可数名词 many countries 许多国家
Eg： There are many countries in the world.
10. 时间前面的介词：at \ in \ on
at+ 点 at 7:00
in +月份 \年 in May in 2008
in May，2008 in the evening
on+星期\具体的时间 on Sunday on May 2, 2008
on the Sunday evening
11. a little 一点 +不可数名词
little 几乎没有 +不可数名词
a few 一点 +可数名词
few 几乎没有 +可数名词
eg: There is a little water in the glass. Can I drink?
I have a few friends in my class.
There is little milk, let's buy some.
I have few lessons on weekends在周末.
注：a little+adj Eg: He is a little shy.
12. like to do sth. 偶尔喜欢做某事
like doing sth 一直喜欢做某事
I like singing, but I don’t like to sing today.
13. with表示“和”同 and表示“和”的区别
He and I go shopping every day. (He and I做主语，2人)
He with me goes shopping every day.
(He 做主语，不看with后面)
=He goes shopping with me every day.
※ and 不用于否定句和疑问句中，表示和时用or.
14. too: 放在肯定句中句末表示“也” Eg：Nice to meet you, too.
too+形容词表示“太” Eg: She is too beautiful.
15. write to sb. 给某人写信 Eg：Can you write to me soon?
16. tell sb. about sth. 告诉某人关于某物
Eg：Please tell me about your study学习.
17. dislike=don’t like dislikes=doesn't like
18. 选择疑问句：构成：①一般疑问句 ②用or连接选择的部分
---- Is it a pen or a pencil?
---- It’s a pen.
19. 四说：speak: 强调说某种语言的能力。
say: 强调说的内容
tell: 告诉，讲述 tell sb. to do sth 告诉某人做某事
tell sb about sth 告诉某人关于某事
talk: 谈话 talk to\with sb 同某人谈话
Unit2 语法知识点
本单元谈论问通往某地的路
1. 就地点提问的特殊疑问词用：where
Where’s the post office?
The post office is next to the school.
in front of the school.
behind the school.
across from the school.
between the library and the school.
即：主语+be+方位介词+某地
2. 询问地点的表达： ① Where’s the post office?
②Is there a post office near here?
③Can you tell me where the post office is?
④Can you tell me how to get to the post office.
⑤Can you tell me the way to the post office?
注：the way （to）+地点 表示通往….的路 如果地点是副词如 home、here 、there等 to 必须省略) the way home\here\there
※on one’s way (to)+地点 在某人通往某地的路上
3. in the neighborhood 在周围、在附近
go straight 一直向前走
turn left\right 向左\右转
on the left\right 在左\右侧
take a walk 散步
welcome to …欢迎到…
go down …沿着… 走
4. enjoy: enjoy +doing sth 喜欢高兴做某事
enjoy+oneself 使…自己高兴
=have fun doing sth =have a good time
Eg: I enjoy swimming.
I have fun swimming.
5. begin: v.. 开始
n. beginning the beginning of …的开始
6. 某地\It + be a\an +adj. place to do sth.
某地\它是一个做某事的…的地方
Eg：It is a good place to play.
7. 到达的表达：arrive in+大地点 We arrive in Beijing.
at+小地点 We arrive at school.
get to +地点 reach+地点
8. let sb.do sth.让某人做某事 Let him go to school.
let sb. not do sth让某人不做某事 Let him not go to school.
9. cross: v.交叉 across prep 通过 crossing n. 交叉口
through\across
through 强调有障碍物的通过 立体穿过
across 强调十字交叉的通过 平面穿过
10. close v. 关闭—— v. open 打开
closed adj. 关着的——open adj.开着的
keep sth closed\open 使….关着\开着
11. hope:希望① hope to do sth. 希望做某事
I hope to visit the Great Wall.
② hope + (that)从句
I hope that I can visit the Great Wall.
注：不可以说hope sb. to do sth
wish 希望① wish sb. to do sth
② wish to do sth
③ wish + (that)从句
Unit3 语法知识点
本单元谈论喜欢何种动物及原因
1. kind :①副词kind of +adj. = a little +adj.表示“一点，几分”
Eg：They are kind of smart.
②名词: a kind of +可数名词 表示“一种”
two kinds of +可数名词 表示“两种”
all kinds of +可数名词 表示“各种各样”
③形容词：和蔼的
Eg: The old man is kind.
2. play with 和…玩 I like playing with Tom.
Don’t play with fire.
3.祈使句：表示请求或命令的语气。
肯定构成：①（Please）+V原+其它 Please come in.
② V原+其它, （Please） Come in ,please.
否定构成：①Don’t +( Please）+V原+其它
Please don’t come in.
②Don’t + V原+其它, （Please）
Don’t come in, please.
4. during the day 在白天 at night 在晚上
5. relax v. 放松 （当主语是第三人称单数时relax变为relaxes）
adj. relaxing 主语是物
relaxed 主语是人
6.friend: n. 朋友
adj. friendly 友好的 be friendly to sb. 对某人友好
The teacher is friendly to her students.
在英语中以-ly结尾的词为副词，如：usually, really,carefully等。但有特殊：friendly,lovely为形容词
形容词修饰名词放于名词前 adj+n beautiful girl
副词修饰动词、形容词和副词 adv+adj very beautiful
v.+adv thanks a lot
7.表示征求对方意见的表达：
① Why not+do sth 为什么不…? Why not go to the zoo?
② How\What about doing sth? …怎么样？What about going to the
zoo?
8.比较下面的句子： He is a 12-year-old boy.
有连字符的做定语，名词用单数
The boy is 12 years old.
无连字符的做表语
9.反意疑问句：征求对方的看法或意见。
以Let’s开始的反意疑问句，固定用 shall we?
10.感叹句的表达：① What a\an +adj +可数名词单数+代词+谓语
What a beautiful girl she is!
② How +adj +the +可数名词单数+谓语
How beautiful the girl is!
Unit4 语法知识点
本单元谈论询问对方的职业
1. 询问对方职业的表达：①What do you do? What does he do?
② What are you? What is he?
③What’s your job? What’s his job?
回答：主语+be+职业
2. work: v. 工作 work with sb.\sth.同某人工作\同某物打交道.
He works in a restaurant. = He is a waiter.
He works with money. 他同钱打交到.
n. 工作 不可数名词 著作 可数名词
job: n.工作 可数名词
3. give sb.sth.= give sth.to sb. 给某人某物=把某物给某人
Eg: Please give Zhaoming the pen.
= Please give the pen to Zhaoming.
4. help: n.不可数名词 Please give me some help.
v. help sb. (to)do sth.帮助某人做某事
help sb. with sth.\doing sth 在某方面帮助某人
He helps me (to) study math.= He helps me with math.
5. talk to\with sb 同某人谈话。
in the day 在白天 at night 在晚上
go out to dinners 外出就餐
5. be busy (in) doing sth. 忙于做某事
He is busy in studying the math.
7. hard: adv. 努力地;刻苦地 He studies hard.
hardly: adv. 几乎不 I hardly have lessons on weekends.
8. have a job for sb. as +职业 给某人提供一个…职业的工作
We have a job for Tom as a teacher.
9. news: 消息 不可数名词
a piece of news two pieces of news
10. in hospital\ in the hospital
in hospital 住院 He is ill, he is in hospital.
in the hospital 在医院里 My mother works in the hospital.
Unit5 语法知识点
本单元学习现在进行时态：
1. 现在进行时：强调此时此刻正在做的事情。 翻译为…正在做…
Look、listen、now是现在进行时的标志。
肯定构成：主语+be(am、is、are)+ving+其他
I am watching TV.
否定构成：主语+be(am、is、are)+not+ving+其他
I am not watching TV.
疑问构成：Be+(am、is、are)+主语+vin+其他
Yes,主语+be No, 主语+be+not
Are you watching TV?
Yes,I am. No,I am not.
注意：He watching TV.(错) 因为无be动词
He is watch TV.(错) 因为没变现在分词
Ving:现在分词 变化规则：①+ing watch-watching
②不发音的e结尾去e+ing
③重读闭音节双写辅音字母+ing
④以ie结尾的将ie变y+ing
2. go to movies=go to a movie 去看电影
3. wait for sb.等待某人
He is waiting for a bus.
4. talk to\with sb 同…说话
He is taling with his friends.
talk about 谈论
They are talking about math.
talk on the phone 通过电话谈论
5. speak to sb 对某人说话
Unit6 语法知识点
本单元学习询问天气的表达
1. 询问天气如何？① How’s the weather?
② What’s the weather like?
It’s ….
n-adj snow-snowy wind-windy sun-sunny
cloud-cloudy rain-rainy
2. How’s it going? 进展如何？ 答语：Great.
Pretty good.
Not bad.
Terrible.
3.thank you for doing sth 感谢做某事
= thanks for doing sth (注意for是介词 介词+ing 常见的介词有in, of ,at, for ,about, on 等)
4.take vacation 度假 take a photo=take photos 照相
5. some… others… 一些在…另一些在…
Some are taking photos, others are lying on the beach.
6. surprise: n.惊讶 to one’s surprise 使某人惊讶的是…
v.使…惊讶的是… He surprised me.
adj.surprising 物
surprised 人
7. relax: v.放松 relaxes (单三形式) adj. relaxing 物 relaxed 人
8.have a good time= have fun =enjoy doing sth =enjoy oneself
9.weather:天气（不可数）What nice weather it is today!
Unit7 语法知识点
本单元学习学问别人的外貌
1. look like 看起来像… look 是动词
like是介词表示“像… 作为动词表示“喜欢”
What does he look like? = What is he like?
（其中be like…既可以询问性格也可以询问外貌）
答语：He is tall\short.
He has long curly hair.
He is of medium build.= He has a medium build.(building 建筑物)
He is of medium height.= He has a medium height.
2. the captain of …的队长 He is the captain of soccer ball team.
3. love to do sth 喜欢做某事 I love to watch TV.
4. tell jokes 讲笑话 play a joke on sb. 同某人开玩笑
5. stop: stop doing sth 停下来正在做的事
stop to do sth 停下来去做别的事
The teacehr is coming, please stop talking.(talk)
I am tired. Please stop to have(have) a rest.
6. a little bit +adj\adv =a little 一点
He is a little bit heavy.
a bit of +不可数名词= a little
7. with: “和”，“留有”
He is tall. He has short hair.
= He is tall with short hair.
8. remember\forget :
remember\forget to do sth 记着\忘记将要做某事
remember \forget doing sth. 记得\忘记做了某事
Please remember to close the door.(记着去关门)
I remember closing the door.(我记得关门了)
Unit8 语法知识点
本单元学习去饭店就餐时的对话
掌握下面的对话：
Waiter: Can I help you?(What can I do for you?)
Costomer: I’d(I would) like some noodles.
Waiter: What kind of noodles would you like?
Costomer: I’d like beef and tomato noodles, please.
Waiter: What size bowl of noodles would you like?
Costomer: What sizes do you have?
Waiter: Large bowl, Medium bowl,Small bowl.
Costomer: Medium bowl, please.
2. want to do sth\ would like to do sth 想要做某事的区别
①want 没有委婉语气，而would like 有委婉语气
②want 是行为动词，而would 是助动词
Do you want to eat ice-cream?
Would you like to eat ice-cream?
注意：在委婉语气中的“一些”只能用some.
Unit9 语法知识点
1. 过去时态：表示发生在过去时间里的动作或存在的状态。
表示过去的时间状语：yesterday昨天 the day before yesterday前天 two days ago两天前just now 刚才
last night \year\week\month\昨天晚上\去年\上周\ 上个月
过去时态的构成：
肯定公式：主语+动词过去式+其他
否定公式：①主语+was\were +not +其他
② 主语+didn’t +动词原形+其他
疑问公式：①Was\Were +主语+其他？
②Did +主语+动词原形+其他
He was a teacher two years ago. 肯定句
He wasn’t a teacher two years ago. 否定句
Was he a teacher two years ago? 一般疑问句
I went shopping yesterday. 肯定句
I didn’t go shopping yesterday. 否定句
Did you go shopping yesterday? 一般疑问句
动词过去式的变化规则：
规则变化 ① +ed work-worked
② e+d practice-practiced
③ 辅音+y-将y变ied study-studied stay-stayed
④ 重读闭音节双写辅音字母+ed stop-stopped
不规则变化：am\is-was are-were do\does-did have-had
go-went see-saw get-got make-made eat-ate take-took spend-spent write-wrote sit-sat
lose-lost find-found think-thought read-read
can-could swim-swam feel-felt
2．do some reading 做一些阅读
do some cleaning 做一些打扫 do some ving 做一些…
3． practice: practice +doing sth 练习做某事
He practices speaking English every morning.
4. study for … 为…而复习\学习 go for a walk 散步
look for 寻找 look like 看起来像 look after照顾
look up 查阅
5． What \How about +doing sth? 做…怎么样？ 注意about是介词
What about going shopping? = Why not go shopping?
6. My weekend was great. How was your weekend?
7.watch(see) : watch sb do sth 看见某人做了某事
watch sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事
I watch him play the soccer.
I watch him playing the soccer.
8. It is time to do sth 该到做某事的时间了
It is time for doing sth.\sth.
9. spend: (in) doing sth I spend two hours in swimming.
on sth I spend two yuan on the pencil.
Unit10语法知识点
本单元谈论过去的时间里去哪了。
1. find： find sb doing sth 发现某人正在做某事
I find him cleaning the room.
2．make: make sb do sth 使某人做某事
The movie makes me feel sad.
make sth + adj. 使某物….
PE makes me tired.
3. decide: decide to do sth 下定决心做某事
I decided to study hard.
= make one’s mind to do sth.
否定: decide not to do sth.
n. decision make a decision to do sth
4. begin : begin to do\doing sth 开始做某事
5. be lost 迷路，丢失
Unit 11 语法知识点
本单元讨论喜欢的电视节目
1. 电视节目：talk show \ sports show\ game show \ soap opera\sports show\sitcome(situation comedy)
2. 询问对方喜欢电视节目的表达：What do you think of +电视节目？
= How do you like + 电视节目？
答语：（按喜欢的程度依次排序）
I love\like\don’t mind\don’t like\can’t stand them.
3. mind sb.（one’s） doing sth 介意某人做某事
I don’t mind you cleaning the room.
4. can’t stand doing sth. 无法忍受做某事
I can’t stand watching the boring TV shows.
5. How about sb. 某人…样
How \What about sth. 某事…样？
How \What about doing sth? 做某事…样呢？
6. in fact 事实上 In fact, I don’t like music.
7. 常见的央视节目： English Today 今日英语
Sports News 体育新闻
Healthy living 健康生活
Culture China 中国文化
Chinese Cooking 中国美食
Animal world 动物世界
8. talk to\with sb 和…谈话 I want to talk with you.
9. welcome to +地点 欢迎到… Welcome to Beijing.
10. ask: ask sb about sth. 问某人关于某事
I want to ask you about your study.
ask sb to do sth. 让某人做某事
I ask you to clean the room.
ask sb not to do sth. 让某人不做某事
I ask you not to clean the room.
11. show sb. sth 展示某让你某物
=show sth. to sb.把某物展示给某人
12. each: adj. Each student has a watch.
(修饰名词后面的名词用单数，谓语动词也要用单数)
pron. Each of them has a new watch.
(of 后面的名词用复数形式，但是动词用单数形式，因为真正的主语是each.)
Every 只有形容词词性，没有代词词性。
13. some of their answers 符合 some of +名词复数 …当中的一些
名词必须用复数，动词也用复数。其中some 还可以用 most, one, each所代替。但是用 one,each 代替时动词用单数形式。
即：