初中名词性从句教学讲解.pptx

RelatedConception(相关概念相关概念)1.名词名词:表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。2.名词在句子当中一般可以作什么成分名词在句子当中一般可以作什么成分?名词在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。名词在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。TheboyisliMing.主语主语表语表语Mr.Liang,a24-year-oldboy,teachesusEnglish.主语主语同位语同位语宾语宾语在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当,这个句这个句子就叫名词性从句。子就叫名词性从句。什么是名词性从句什么是名词性从句?名名词词性性从从句句主语从句主语从句(The Subject Clause)宾语从句宾语从句 (The Object Clause)表语从句表语从句 (The Predicative Clause)同位语从句同位语从句 (The Appositive Clause)请判断出下列的句子哪部分是从句请判断出下列的句子哪部分是从句,并判断属于并判断属于哪种从句哪种从句:1.WhatIwanttodoistakingabath.2.Thenewsthattheywonthegamespreadthewholeschool.3.Idontthink(that)heisanhonestboy.4.Thefactisthathestolethecar.5.Doyouknowthefactthathestolethecar?6.Doyouknowthemanwhoisstandingoverthere?7.Itissaidthattheywonthegame.(主从主从)(同位语从句同位语从句)(宾从宾从)(表从表从)(同位语从句同位语从句)(定从定从)(主从主从)引导名词性从句的连接词引导名词性从句的连接词1.Ireallyfeelthatheneedsmoreexperience.2.Iwanttoknowwhether/ifshestillliveshere.3.Whatshesaidisnottrue.4.Whobrokethewindowhasnotbeenfoundout.5.Heaskedwhosehandwritingisthebestinourclass.6.Thatiswhyshelefthomeyesterday.7.HaveyouheardthenewsthatMarywillbebacksoon?8.Iwillgiveittowhoeverneedsit.9.Itisunwisetogiveyourchildwhateverhewants.10.Ivejustboughtfivenewbooks;youcantakewhicheverbookyoulike.Shesaid(that)sheisgoingtolearnEnglish.Iwanttoknowwhether/ifshestilllivesthere.Idontknowwhoallthesepeopleare.ShewantstoknowwhichfilmIlikebest.Pleasetellmewhereshelives.Iamnotinterestedinwhatheisdoing.Iamcertainthatheisathomenow.Iamafraidhewontcomeontime.宾语从句宾语从句在句中充当在句中充当及物动词及物动词,介词或某些形容词介词或某些形容词宾语的句宾语的句子叫做宾语从句。子叫做宾语从句。宾语从句宾语从句 I dont know（that）you will come here.注意：注意：thatthat在从句中不充当任何成分，在口语在从句中不充当任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常常被省去。但如果从句是或非正式的文体中常常被省去。但如果从句是并列句时并列句时,第二个及以后的分句前第二个及以后的分句前thatthat不可省不可省.We all agreed(that)it would be a mistake not to take his advise.Weallthink(that)sheisworkinghardandthatshewillsurelygotoagoodcollege.我不知道他来不来。我不知道他来不来。我想知道他来还是不来。我想知道他来还是不来。你们是在谈论着他来还是不来吗？你们是在谈论着他来还是不来吗？他不在乎天气是否好。他不在乎天气是否好。I dont know whether/if he will come.I want to know whether he will come or not.Are you talking about whether he will come?He doesnt care if it isnt a fine day.注意：在宾语从句中，表示注意：在宾语从句中，表示“是否是否”既可以用既可以用whether,whether,也可以用也可以用if.if.但是，但是，whetherwhether常与常与or notor not连连用；作介词宾语只用用；作介词宾语只用whether;whether;从句是否定句时一从句是否定句时一般用般用ifif。用合适的连接词填空用合适的连接词填空1.WangHaitoldme_hedidntgocyclingyesterdayafternoon.（how,why）2.Canyoutellme_elseisgoingtobeondutytoday?（who,whom）3.Shesaid_itwouldntmattermuch.（that,if）4.Healwaysthinks_hecandobetter.（how,who）5.Ireallydontknow_thebridgewillbefinished.（howlong,howsoon）whywhothathowhow soon6.Theydontknow_wearegoinghiking.7.Shewantedtoknow_hercoatwouldbereadythenextday.8.Iwasreallysurprisedat_Isaw.9.Idontknow_somanypeoplecrowdingroundhim10.Doyouknow_shirtitis?if/whetherif/whetherwhatwhywhose宾语从句中的否定转移宾语从句中的否定转移我认为他不会来这里我认为他不会来这里.I think he wont come here.()I dont think he will come here.()注意：如果宾语从句是由注意：如果宾语从句是由think,believe,think,believe,imagine,supposeimagine,suppose等词引导的时候，要将从句等词引导的时候，要将从句中的否定形式转移到主句中去。中的否定形式转移到主句中去。我认为他不会对我撒谎的我认为他不会对我撒谎的.I dont think he will lie to me.我认为我们不应该借钱给他我认为我们不应该借钱给他.I dont think we should lend him money.宾语从句中用宾语从句中用it作形式宾语作形式宾语 We think it our duty that we should help others.I find it impossible that he should finish the work in two days.注意：如果主句中有形容词或名词作宾语补足注意：如果主句中有形容词或名词作宾语补足语时，一般用语时，一般用itit来作形式宾语，把从句放在宾来作形式宾语，把从句放在宾补后面。补后面。thatthat不能省不能省.believe,consider,feel,find,make,think他们觉得要在两天内完成工作是困难的他们觉得要在两天内完成工作是困难的.我们认为每个人都保护环境是重要的我们认为每个人都保护环境是重要的.他把每天早上锻炼身体做为一个规定他把每天早上锻炼身体做为一个规定.宾语从句的时态和语序宾语从句的时态和语序1.Couldyoutellmeifit_tomorrow?A.rainsB.israiningC.willrainD.rain2.Theteachertoldhisstudentsthesun_intheeast.A.riseB.risesC.roseD.risen3.Peterknew_.A.whetherhehasfinishedreadingthebookB.whytheboyhadsomanyquestionsC.therewere12monthsinayearD.whentheywillleaveforParis 4.Couldyoutellme_?A.whereisthenearestrailwaystationB.wherethenearestrailwaystationwasC.wherethenearestrailwaystationisD.wherewasthenearestrailwaystation5.Ireallydontknowifshe_itwhenshe_.A.finds/arrivesB.finds/willarriveC.willfind/willarriveD.willfind/arrives6.Wheredoyouthink_he_theTVset?Sorry,Ivenoidea.A./,boughtB.has,boughtC.did,buyD.didbought7.Canyoutellme_?A.whatsthematterwithhimB.whatthematterwithhimisC.whathappenedwithhimD.whatwithhimhappened 宾语从句中谓语用宾语从句中谓语用shoulddo的情况的情况:Thegeneralorderedthattroops(should)setoffatonce.Hesuggestedthatwe(should)allbuydictionaries.Iinsistedthathe(should)apologizetome.句型转换句型转换1.Whendoesthetrainarrive?Pleasetellme.（改（改为宾语从句）为宾语从句）Pleasetellme_.2.Whatdoeshedo?Doyouknow?（改为宾语从（改为宾语从句）句）Doyouknow_he_?3.Dotheywantfriedchicken?Heaskedtheboys.（改为宾语从句）（改为宾语从句）Heaskedtheboys_they_friedchicken.whenthetrainarriveswhatdoesif/whetherwanted4.WasthewatchmadeinShanghai?Idontknow.（改为宾语从句）（改为宾语从句）Idontknow_thewatch_madeinShanghai.5.“Doyouwanttotrysomethingnew?”Tomsmotheraskedhim.（同义句）（同义句）Tomsmotheraskedhim_totrysomethingnew.if/whetherwasif/whetherhewanted6.Ithinkthisisagoodidea.（改为否定句）（改为否定句）I_this_agoodidea.7.Lucyhasntdecidedwhichtrouserstobuy.（改（改为复合句）为复合句）Lucyhasntdecided_buy.8.IdontknowhowIcangettothehospital.（改为（改为简单句）简单句）Idontknow_tothehospital.dontthinkiswhichtrousersshewillhowtoget表语从句表语从句在句中充当表语的从句在句中充当表语的从句(即放在即放在be动词后面动词后面)叫做表语从句。叫做表语从句。我们的目的是他能认识到错误。我们的目的是他能认识到错误。Our purpose is that he can realize his faults.注意：引导表语从句的连接词一般不省略。注意：引导表语从句的连接词一般不省略。问题是它是否值得做。问题是它是否值得做。The question is whether it is worth doing.注意：表语从句表示注意：表语从句表示“是否是否”只用只用“whetherwhether”而不用而不用“ifif”试区分以下句子试区分以下句子Is this museum what you visited?Is this the museum that you visited?Is this museum the one that you visited?注意：这种句子考试时一定要记住这句话：名注意：这种句子考试时一定要记住这句话：名词前（尤其是单数可数名词前）一定要有限定词前（尤其是单数可数名词前）一定要有限定词。然后把句子变换成陈述句，接着判断句子词。然后把句子变换成陈述句，接着判断句子是属于哪种从句再完成。是属于哪种从句再完成。(表从表从)(定从定从)(定从定从)It appears that they are in need of help.It happened that he had no money on him.It seems that he doesnt like living here.It turned out that two people had been killed in the accident.1.Thathouseis_thegardentoolsarestored.2.ThereasonIdontwanttogothereis_Ivejustgotanewjobhere.3.Thatwas_theyhadmadethemistake.4.Everythingintheroomis_itwastenyearsago.5.ThedreamJackhasinmindis_hewillbecomeascientistinthefuture.wherethathowwhatthat6.Whatwecareaboutis_itwillbeafinedaytomorrow.7.Thatwas_theydidntpaymuchattentiontotheteacherinclass.8.Myopinionis_everyoneofustakesout$5forJanesbirthdaypresent.9.Theproblemis_wecanbeallowedtostayoutatsuchalatehour.10.Herexplanationis_sheusedtoliveinthecountryandsheknowsitbetterthanus.whetherwhythatwhetherthat问题是谁能帮我学英语问题是谁能帮我学英语.这就是她不愿意出国留学的原因这就是她不愿意出国留学的原因.那就是我要告诉你的那就是我要告诉你的.问题是他是否会同意这个建议问题是他是否会同意这个建议.ThequestioniswhocanhelpmewithmyEnglish.Thatiswhysheisunwillingtostudyabroad.ThatiswhatIwilltellyou.Thequestioniswhetherhewillagreewiththesuggestion.在句中充当主语的从句叫做主语从句。在句中充当主语的从句叫做主语从句。他星期三来这里是肯定的。他星期三来这里是肯定的。hewillcomehereonWednesdayiscertain.他星期三是否来这里还不肯定的。他星期三是否来这里还不肯定的。hewillcomehereonWednesdayisnotcertain.That主语从句主语从句WhetherWhathesaidisnottrue.Whobrokethewindowhasnotbeenfoundout.Howheescapedisstillamystery.Whomsheborrowedmoneyfromstillpuzzledhim.Exercise 11._shesaidpuzzledhim.2._shesaidsuchathingpuzzledhim.3._weshouldsendtotakepartinthepartyistobediscussed.4._theydontwanttodroptheplanisclear.5._hefinishedtheworkinsoshorttimeremainsaquestion.6._itisgoingtosnowthiseveningisnotcertain.WhatWhy Whom/whoThatHowWhetherExercise 21._(她离开他她离开他)cuthimtothecut.2._(月球上没有生命月球上没有生命)isknowntoall.3._(我在会议上说的我在会议上说的)mustbekeptsecret.4._(是否这件事是真的是否这件事是真的)remainsaquestion.5._(我们什么时候开会我们什么时候开会)istobediscussed.Thatshelefthim Thatthereisnolifeonthemoon WhatIsaidatthemeetingWhetheritistrueWhenwewillhavethemeetingThathecantattendthepartyisapity.Itisapitythathecantattendtheparty.Howmuchmoneyisneededishardtosay.Itishardtosayhowmuchmoneyisneeded.Thatthemoonmovesaroundtheearthisknowntoall.Itisknowntoallthatthemoonmovesaroundtheearth.it 做形式主语做形式主语 It+be+形容词形容词 that从句从句It is necessary that 有必要有必要It is important that.重要的是重要的是It is obvious that 很明显很明显It+be+-ed分词分词 that从句从句It is believed that 人们相信人们相信It is known to us/all that.众所周知众所周知It has been decided that 已经决定已经决定用用it形式主语的形式主语的that从句有以下四种从句有以下四种不同的搭配：不同的搭配：It+be+名词名词 that从句从句It is common knowledge that 是常识是常识It is a surprise that.令人惊奇的是令人惊奇的是It is a fact that 事实是事实是It+不及物动词不及物动词 that从句从句It appears that 似乎似乎It happens that.碰巧碰巧It occurred to me that 我突然想起我突然想起Exercise 31.Itisawonder_youwerentinjured.2.Itisstillunknown_and_thistookplace.3.Itmakesnodifferencetome_heisrichorpoor.4.Itisnotyetdecided_istotakeherplaceassecretary.5.Itissaid_thisplazahas15cinemas.6.Itdoesntmatter_youaregoingtodoit.thatwhenwherewhetherwhothatwhetherExercise 41.你昨天错过了这部新的电影，真是太遗憾了。你昨天错过了这部新的电影，真是太遗憾了。2.他们将要在这里建一个新的医院是真的吗？他们将要在这里建一个新的医院是真的吗？3.据说我们清明节要放三天假。据说我们清明节要放三天假。4.他是否挣很多很多钱对我来说并不重要。他是否挣很多很多钱对我来说并不重要。Itisapitythatyoumissedthenewmovieyesterday.Isittruethattheyaregoingtosetupanewhospitalhere?ItissaidthatwelltakethreedaysoffonTombSweepingDay.Itisntimportanttomewhetherhecanmakealotofmoney.同位语从句同位语从句在句中用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。在句中用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。同位语从句一般放在如同位语从句一般放在如idea,news,fact,promise,suggestion,belief,truth等含有丰等含有丰富内涵的抽象的词语后面，富内涵的抽象的词语后面，用来说明前面那用来说明前面那个词的具体内容个词的具体内容。一般说来，同位语从句都。一般说来，同位语从句都用用that来作连接词，而且不能省略来作连接词，而且不能省略。也可用。也可用how,when,where等。等。他给了她一个承诺，他会在两个月后回来。他给了她一个承诺，他会在两个月后回来。He gave her a promise that he would come back after two months.试区分以下句子试区分以下句子Do you know the fact that he stole the car?Do you know the fact that they were talking about?注意：注意：1.1.如果是定语从句，它的从句肯定是如果是定语从句，它的从句肯定是不完整的，关系词肯定在句中充当成分的；而不完整的，关系词肯定在句中充当成分的；而同位语从句中的同位语从句中的thatthat只起连接作用。只起连接作用。2.2.定语从句是对先行词起修饰作用，定语从句是对先行词起修饰作用，而同位语从句则解释说明先行词的具体内容。而同位语从句则解释说明先行词的具体内容。(同从同从)(定从定从)Tell the difference1.The news that the plane would take off on time made everybody happy.2.The news that is spreading around the airport is that a heavy storm is coming.3.The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering.4.The suggestion that they are considering is that students should learn something practical.同位语从句同位语从句定语从句定语从句同位语从句同位语从句定语从句定语从句表语从句表语从句表语从句表语从句Thesuggestion _isworthconsidering.学生应该学些实用的东西的建议值得考虑。学生应该学些实用的东西的建议值得考虑。thatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingpracticalDadmadeapromise_thathewouldbuy_meCDplayerifIpassedtheEnglishtest.爸爸承诺如果我通过英语考试就会给我买爸爸承诺如果我通过英语考试就会给我买 一个一个CD机。机。他建议我们走着去那儿是可以被接受的。他建议我们走着去那儿是可以被接受的。(proposal)很多老师都持有一个观点：青少年不应该很多老师都持有一个观点：青少年不应该花费太多时间上网。花费太多时间上网。(hold a view)Many teachers hold the view that teenagers should not spend too much time online.你知道我们几点开会吗？你知道我们几点开会吗？(idea)他借口说他的车坏在半路了。他借口说他的车坏在半路了。(make an excuse)His proposal that we go there on foot is acceptable.Do you have any idea when we will have the meeting.He made an excuse that his car broke down on the half way.1.The question is _the film is worth seeing.A.if B.what C.whether D.how 2.They received orders _ the work be done at once.A.which B.when C./D.that 3.The reason _ I have to go is _ my mother is ill in bed.A.why;why B.why;because C.why;that D.that;because4._ I cant understand is _ she wants to change her mind.A.What;why B.Which;how C.That;why D.What;because5._ his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain.A.That B.Whether C.If D.Even if6.It is known to us _ where there is pollution,there is harm.A.which B.where C.what D.that7.I have the information _.A.of what hell come soon B.that hell come soon C.of that hell come soon D.his coming soonCDCABDB单项填空单项填空8.-I saw your neighbor break your window with a basketball.-_ it made me nearly mad.A.That he broke B.What he broke C.He broke D.His break9.It remains a question _ we can get so much money in such a short time.A.how B.that C.when D.what10.-Can I help you?-Yes,do you know _?A.when comes the bus B.when will come the bus C.when does the bus come D.when the bus comes11.He made a promise _ anyone set him free he would make him very rich.A.that B.if C.what D.that if12.They lost their way in the forest and _ made matters worse was _ night began to fall.A.what;that B.it;that C.what;when D.which;whatAADDA