2023年职称英语等级考试真题及答案理工A类.docx

职称英语等级考试真题及答案理工类（A级）111111
　　第1部分：词汇选项（第1—1 5题，每题1分，共15分）
　　下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为靠近旳选项。
　　1. The sea turtle’s natural habitat has been considerably reduced.
　　A. suddenly B. generally 　C. slightly 　D. greatly
　　2. Anderson left the table，remarking that he had some work to do.
　　A. doubting 　　B. thinking 　　C. saying 　　D. knowing
　　3. I got a note from Moira urging me to get in touch.
　　A. instructing 　　B. pushing. 　　C. notifying 　　D. inviting
　　4. He asserted that nuclear power was a safe and non-polluting energy source.
　　A. maintained 　　B. recommended 　　C. considered 　D. acknowledged
　　5. The decision to invade provoked storms of protest.
　　A. caused 　　B. ignored 　　C. organized 　　D. received
　　6. A young man is being hailed a hero tonight after rescuing two children.
　　A. reported 　　B. praised 　　C. proved 　　D. caught
　　7. At that time，we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened.
　　A. give 　　B. attach 　　C. lose 　　D. understand
　　8. Forester stared at his car，trembling with rage.
　　A. turning 　　B. jumping 　　C. shaking 　　D. shouting
　　9. It is possible to approach the problem in a different way.
　　A. handle 　　B. raise 　　C. pose 　　D. experience
　　10. Jane said that she couldn’t tolerate the long hours.
　　A. spend 　　B. stand 　　C. take 　　D. last
　　11. The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking science courses.
　　A. relative 　　B. continuous 　　C. general 　　D. sharp
　　12. I wanted to ask her out but was scared that she might refuse.
　　A. afraid 　　B. anxious 　　C. sure 　　D. sad
　　13. She always finds fault with everything.
　　A. simplifies 　　B. evaluates 　　C. criticizes 　　D. examines
　　14. At 80，Peck was still vigorous and living in Paris.
　　A. happy 　　B. alone 　　C. busy 　　D. energetic
　　15. For some obscure reason，the simple game is becoming very popular.
　　A. obvious 　　B. major 　　C. unclear 　　D. minor
　　第二部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）
　　下面旳短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文旳内容对每个句子做出判断；假如该句提供旳是对旳信息，请选择A；假如该句提供旳是错误信息，请选择B；假如该句旳信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
　　Earth Rocks On
　　Most of the time, the ground feels solid beneath our feet.That's comforting. But it's also misleading because there's actually a lot going on underground. Masses of land (called plates) slip, slide, and bump against each other, slowly changing the shape of continents and oceans over millions and billions of years.
　　Scientists know that Earth formed about 4.5 billion years ago. They also know that our planet was hot at first. As it cooled, its outermost layer, called the crust, eventually formed moving plates. Exactly when this shift happened, however, is an open question.
　　Now, an international group of researchers has an answer. They've found new evidence suggesting that Earth's crust started shifting at least 3.8 billion years ago. The new estimate is 1.3 billion years earlier than previous ones.
　　Not long before 3.8 billion years ago, lots of asteroids were pummeling Earth, keeping its crust in a hot, molten state. After the hard crust formed, much of it sank at various times into the planet's hot insides. There, it melted before returning to the surface as lava.
　　In some places, however, the crust never sank. One of the oldest such places is in Greenland, in an area called the Isua supracrustal(上地壳) belt. The rocky crust there is between 3.7 and 3.8 billion years old. The belt was once part of the seafloor, but now it is exposed to air.
　　The researchers recently look at the Isua supracrustal belt. They noticed long, parallel cracks in the rock that have been filled in with a type of volcanic rock.
　　To explain this structure, the scientists propose that tension in the crust caused the seafloor to crack open long ago. Hot, liquid rock, called magma(岩浆), flowed up slowly from deep inside Earth to fill the cracks. Finally, the area cooled, forming what we see today.
　　That explanation, plus chemical clues inside the rock, suggests that the Isua supracrustal belt was once part of a plate under tne ocean, beginning around 3.8 billion years ago.
　　16. The ground beneath our feet is indeed still.
　　A.right B. wrong C. not mention
　　17.The shape of lands and oceans are slowly changed with the movements of plates.
　　A.right B. wrong C. not mention
　　18. Earth cooled down shortly after it was formed.
　　A.right B. wrong C. not mention
　　19.Scientists once estimated that Earth’s crust started shifting three billion years ago.
　　A.right B. wrong C. not mention
　　20.It took a long time for the melted crust to become hard.
　　A. right B. wrong C. not mention
　　21.The formation of the Isua supracrustal belt is thought to have started about 3.8 billion years ago.
　　A.right B. wrong C. not mention
　　22. The lsua supracrustal belt is now a popular holiday resort.
　　A.right B. wrong C. not mention
　　第三部分：概括大意和完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）
　　下面旳短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23～26题规定从所给旳6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个小标题；（2）第27～30题规定从所给旳6个选项中为每个句子确定一种最佳选项。
　　The iPad
　　1. The iPad is a tablet computer（平板电脑）designed, developed and marketed by Apple. It is particularly marketed as a platform for audio and visual media such as books, periodicals(期刊), movies, music, and games, as well as web content. At about 1.5 pounds (680grams), its size and weight are between those of most contemporary smartphones and laptop computers. Apple released the iPad in April , and sold 3 million of the devices in 80 days.
　　2． The iPad runs the same operating system as the iPod Touch and iPhone. It can run its own applications as well as ones developed for iPhone. Without modification, it will only run programs approved by Apple and distributed via its online store.
　　3. Like iPhone and iPod Touch, the iPad is controlled by a multitouch display—a break from most previous tablet computers, which uses a pressure-triggered stylus（触控笔）. The iPad uses a Wi-Fi data connection to browse（浏览） the Internet, load and stream media, and install software. Some models also have a 3G wireless data connection which can connect to GSM 3G data networks. The device is managed and synchronized（同步） by iTunes on a personal computer via USB cable.
　　4. An iPad has different features and applications one can use to execute different and interesting things. There are lots of iPad applications that the owner can use to enhance the way they communicate. Some of these are how to use social networking sites and other online options. one of the most common uses is for e-mails services. iPad applications like Markdown Mail allow the adoption of specific and particular options. They enable the owner to personalize their email accounts.
　　5. While the iPad is mostly used by consumers it also has been taken up by business users. Some companies are adopting iPads in their business offices by distributing or making available iPads to employees. Examples of uses in the workplace include lawyers responding to clients, medical professionals accessing health records during patient exams, and managers approving employee requests. A survey by Frost Sullivan shows that iPad usage in office workplaces is linked to the goals of increased employee productivity, reduced paperwork, and increased revenue.
　　23. Paragraph 2 ____
　　24. Paragraph 3 ____
　　25. Paragraph 4 ____
　　26. Paragraph 5 ____
　　A. Business Usage.
　　B. Display and Data Connection.
　　C. Feature and Application.
　　D. Difference from iPhone.
　　E. Operating System.
　　F. Online Stores.
　　27. In April the iPad developed by Apple was_____
　　28. The iPad will only run programs approved by Apple if not _____
　　29. iPad applications enable the owner's email accounts to be _____
　　30. iPad uses in offices enable employee productivity to be ____
　　A. browsed
　　B. personalized
　　C. distributed
　　D. increased
　　E. released
　　F. modified
　　第四部分：阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）
　　下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
　　第一篇
　　Calculating Crime
　　When you think about math, you probably don't think about breaking the law, solving mysteries or finding criminals. But a mathematician in Maryland does, and he has come up with mathematical tools to help police find criminals.
　　People who solve crimes look for patterns that might reveal （揭示） the identity of the criminal. It's long been believed, for example, that criminals will break the law closer to where they live, simply because it's easier to get around in their own neighborhood. If police see a pattern of robberies in a certain area, they may look for a suspect who lives near the crime scenes. So, the farther away from the area a crime takes place, the less likely it is that the same criminal did it.
　　But Mike O'Leary, a mathematician at Towson University in Maryland, says that this kind of approach may be too simple. He says that police may get better clues to the location of a criminal's home base by combining these patterns with a city's layout （布局） and historical crime records.
　　The records of past crimes contain geographical information and can reveal easy targets - that is, the kind of stores that might be less difficult to rob. Because these stores are along roads, the locations of past crimes contain information about where major streets and intersections are. O'Leary is writing a new computer program that will quickly provide this kind of information for a given city. His program also includes information about the people who live in the city, and information about how a criminal's patterns change with age. It's been shown, for example, that the younger the criminal, the closer to home the crime.
　　Other computer programmers have worked on similar software, but O'Leary's uses more math. The mathematician plans to make his computer program available, free of charge, to police departments around the country.
　　The program is just one way to use math to fight crime. O'Leary says that criminology - the study of crime and criminals - contains a lot of good math problems. "I feel like I'm in a gold mine and I'm the only one who knows what gold looks like," he says. "It's a lot of fun."
　　31. Which of the following statements about math is true?
　　A. It is too difficult for the police to use in finding criminals.
　　B. Few people associate it with finding criminals.
　　C. Some criminals make use of it when committing crimes.
　　D. it has long been employed in solving crimes.
　　32. People tend to think there is a relationship between
　　A. the time of a crime and the age of the criminal.
　　B. the type of a crime and the identity of the criminal.
　　C. the pattern of a crime and the equipment of the criminal.
　　D. the location of a crime and the residence of the criminal.
　　33. O’Leary includes all the following information in writing his program EXCEPT
　　A. the records of past crimes.
　　B. the locations of police bureaus.
　　C. the people living in the city.
　　D. the change of a criminal’s patterns with age.
　　34. O’Leary’s program is different from other similar software in that
　　A. it is inexpensive.
　　B. it is more user-friendly.
　　C. it uses more math.
　　D. it is available all over the world.
　　35. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that O’Leary
　　A. will develop programs for other governmental departments.
　　B. is going to use math in looking for gold.
　　C. thinks it’s interesting to learn math.
　　D. will further use math in studying crimes and criminals.
　　第二篇
　　Some People Do Not Taste Salt Like Others
　　Low-salt foods may be harder for some people to like than others, according to a study by a Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences1 food scientist. The research indicates that genetic factors influence some of the difference in the levels of salt we like to eat.
　　Those conclusions are important because recent, well-publicized efforts to reduce the salt content in food2 have left many people struggling to accept fare that simply does not taste as good to them as it does to others3, pointed out John Hayes, assistant professor of food science, who was lead investigator? on the study.
　　Diets high in salt can increase the risk of high blood pressure and stroke. That is why public health experts and food companies are Working together on ways to help consumers lower salt intake through foods that are enjoyable to eat. This study increases understanding of salt preference and consumption.
　　The research involved 87 carefully screened participants who sampled salty foods such as soup and chips, on multiple occasions, spread out over weeks5. Test subjects were 45 men and 42 women, reportedly healthy, ranging in age from 20 to 40 years. The sample was composed of individuals who were not actively modifying their dietary intake and did not smoke cigarettes. They rated the intensity of taste on a commonly used scientific scale, ranging from barely detectable to strongest sensation of any kind.
　　"Most of us like the taste of salt. However, some individuals eat more salt, both because they like the taste of saltiness more, and also because it is needed to block other unpleasant tastes in food," said Hayes. "Supertasters, people who experience tastes more tensely, consume more salt than nontasters do. Snack foods have saltiness as their primary flavor, and at least for these foods, more is better, so the supertasters seem to like them more. "
　　However, supertasters also need higher levels of salt to block unpleasant bitter tastes in foods such as cheese, Hayes noted. "For example, cheese is a wonderful blend of dairy flavors from fermented, milk, but also bitter tastes from ripening that are blocked by salt," he said. "A supertaster finds low-salt cheese unpleasant because the bitterness is too pronounced6.
　　Hayes cited research done more than 75 years ago by a chemist named Fox and a geneticist named Blakeslee, showing that individuals differ in their ability to taste certain chemicals. As a result, Hayes explained, we know that a wide range in taste acuity exists, and this variation is as normal as variations in eye and hair color.
　　"Some people, called supertasters, describe bitter compounds as being extremely bitter, while others, called nontasters, find these same bitter compounds to be tasteless or only weary bitter," he said. "Response to bitter compounds is one of many ways to identify biological differences in food preference because supertasting7 is not limited to bitterness.
　　36. John Hayes pointed out that __________.
　　A. food with less salt tastes better.
　　B. many people make efforts to accept low-salt food.
　　C. many people never eat low-salt food.
　　D. it is good to health to eat food without salt.
　　37. The fourth paragraph briefly describes______?
　　A. how the subjects were selected and what they were asked to do.
　　B. why the number of subjects was limited to 87.
　　C. why more male subjects were chosen than female ones.
　　D. how salty foods wer