2019_2020学年新教材高中英语课时素养评价十一Unit4HistoryandtraditionsDiscoveringUsefulStructures新人教版必修2.doc

课时素养评价 十一
　Unit 4　Discovering Useful Structures

Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. Critics remain puzzled(puzzle) by the election results.
2. Those woods gave us all a sense of belonging(belong).
3. He realized no one was in defence(defend)of his interest.
4. It could be a bit problematic, legally(legal)speaking.
5. He reads newspapers every day to keep himself informed(inform) about what’s going on in the world.
6. She wonders how many times she has to come here and gets her false teeth fixed (fix).  
7. Mother had me go(go) to the shop and buy some salt.
8. With his homework finished(finish), he went out to play football.
9. We found the eggs eaten ( eat) by the snake.  
10. I had my left arm broken(break) yesterday.
Ⅱ. 根据汉语提示用短语完成句子
1. He studied philosophy, psychology as well as(和) computer at Yale.
2. They share the same currency(有相同的货币) in those countries.
3. Military action(军事行动) may become necessary.
4. So, whatever I meet, I have confidence to conquer any difficulty(战胜任何困难).
5. It’s time to get your clothes washed(把你的衣服洗洗了).
6. I want the house painted white(想把房子粉刷成白色).
7. You’d better have yourself examined when you are free(把身体检查一下).
8. The book written by a farmer(农民写的) is very popular.
9. The building built last year(去年建的) now collapsed in the Wenchuan earthquake.
10. The problem discussed at the meeting (在会议上讨论的)yesterday was very difficult to solve.

Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
Fishy Weather Conditions
(2019·北京高一检测)
　　Laj amanu, Australia, is a dry little town, sitting right on the edge of the Tanami desert. Can you imagine how surprised people were when live fish rained down on them from a dark gray cloud. It happens that there are similar cases in England and Honduras.
How do clouds make fish? The simple answer is that they don’t. There is a particular weather phenomenon(现象)called a waterspout. A waterspout is just like a tornado, only it forms above oceans, lakes, or rivers. Like a tornado, a waterspout moves in a circle at high speeds. When it moves above the water, it tends to carry the fish with it, as well as frogs or other small plants or animals.
Scientists couldn’t work it out at first. To make matters stranger still, the fish in Honduras were very much alive when they rained down to the ground, but they were all blind. In England and Australia, it rained fish and snakes, and none were blind. It was difficult to puzzle out, but the blind fish gave them a place to start.
Scientists knew that some fish that lived in deep, underground caves with no light sources often lost their eyesight. So when blind fish rained down on Honduras, scientists began to connect some dots. Clearly, these particular fish were pulled from an underground water source by force.
It has rained fish on every continent, and each time, people have tried in various ways to explain this strange phenomenon. Historically, villagers thought the“fishes from the heavens”might be answers to prayers for food. Others suggested that floods overran river banks and oceans, leaving the fish on the city streets. No scientist had actually seen the rain as it occurred, only the fish left on the ground. But in 1990, a National Geographic team happened to be in Honduras when the Rain of Fishes began. They recorded what was happening and made history by finally proving that the fish really did fall from the sky.
This huge breakthrough wasn’t just a spot of good luck. It changed thousands of years of myths and legends into true stories and provided scientific explanations for how fish came to live in deep caves. It explained ancient cave paintings and shed new light on how species have spread over time. It turned out to be a lot more than just a little fishy weather.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章解释了可疑的天气状况, “为什么会出现这种雨中下活鱼的天气”。 盲鱼让科学家们开始认为龙卷风理论似乎更有可能。这个巨大的突破不仅仅是运气好, 而且它把几千年的神话传说变成了真实的故事, 为鱼是如何生活在深深的洞穴里提供了科学的解释。
1. According to the passage, a waterspout 　　　.  
A. can make animals blind
B. is difficult to catch on film
C. can carry items with it
D. is a dangerous sea creature
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第二段中When it moves above the water, it tends to carry the fish with it, as well as frogs or other small plants or animals. 可知, 水上龙卷风可能携带水里的一些生物。故选C。
2. The blind fish made the scientists start to think that 　　　.  
A. raining fish was a warning of natural disasters
B. animals changed to match their environments
C. the weather system differed from place to place
D. the waterspout theory seemed more possible
【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句It was difficult to puzzle out, but the blind fish gave them a place to start. 可知, 盲鱼让科学家们开始认为龙卷风理论似乎更有可能。故选D。
3. From Paras. 5 and 6, we can learn 　　　.  
A. how species in the area changed over time
B. the importance of finding the truth behind the event
C. that the discovery cleared up many different scientific theories
D. how the understanding of waterspouts affected other areas of science
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句They recorded what was happening and made history by finally proving that the fish really did fall from the sky. 和第六段倒数一、二句It explained ancient cave paintings and shed new light on how species have spread over time. It turned out to be a lot more than just a little fishy weather. 可知, 从第五段和第六段我们可以了解到事件背后真相的重要性。故选B。
4. The author writes the passage to 　　　.  
A. describe the magic phenomenon
B. explain what caused the fishy weather
C. persuade people to protect the environment
D. encourage people to do scientific research
【解析】选B。写作意图题。纵观全文, 特别是第一段中how surprised people were when live fish rained down on them from a dark gray cloud. 和最后一段中It turned out to be a lot more than just a little fishy weather. 及本文的研究和结论可知, 作者写这篇文章是为了解释为什么会出现这种雨中下活鱼的天气。故选B。
B
If you’re a cycling lover, you will have to pay a lot of attention to your bicycle and maintain it well, for bicycle parts are exposed to wear and tear (磨损) over time and you have to examine the bicycle to see if there are any signs of wearing such as scratches, dents (凹陷), etc. Sometimes, a part may not work because it has exceeded its life expectancy. Sometimes, you will need to find replacement parts for it to keep up the performance of the bicycle.

Different parts of a bicycle will wear at different rates so it is very important that you have a basic understanding about the role played by each part. One of the most important parts of the bicycle is the frame, You will need to choose a frame that lasts for a very long time. Of course, you will see some paint scratches after some time. When you’re selecting a frame, you have to think about the material. Aluminium (铝) frames will not rust easily, but they have a higher chance to dent. Steel frames will be hard to dent, but you will need to make sure they get a good paint job so that they won’t rust.
Wheels also experience a lot of wear and tear and you should go for a professional seller when you want to buy wheels. There are different types of wheels that you can buy, like Zipp wheels that provide more aerodynamic efficiency (空气动力学效能). Investing in new tyres instead of going for used is a good idea because you will be able to get more use out of it. The same goes for chain as there’s a higher chance of a used chain breaking. You may also experience shifting problems. However, some parts of bicycles such as pedals can be used for a long time and you can find different styles.
Other parts that you can buy used are seats, handlebars and the stem. When you are buying handlebars, you have to see if there are any dents or if they have been bent out of shape. There shouldn’t be any cracks in the seat post or the handlebars. There are many shops where you can buy parts, so you will have to check the references to see how customers respond to them before you buy anything.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。对于自行车爱好者而言, 了解自行车的各个部分是如何工作的非常重要。文章针对自行车各个部分, 如: 车架该如何选择、对于车轮和链条的选择等等提出了详细的建议作为参考。
5. According to the passage, cycling lovers should 　　　.  
A. buy a new bicycle to keep up the performance
B. replace the bicycle parts with signs of wearing
C. choose aluminium frames rather than steel ones
D. learn how each part of the bicycle basically works
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第二段第一句Different parts of a bicycle will wear at different rates so it is very important that you have a basic understanding about the role played by each part. 可知自行车的不同部件磨损速度不同, 所以对每个部件的作用有一个基本的了解是非常重要的。即自行车爱好者应该了解自行车的各个部分是如何工作的, 故选D。
6. Which parts may be replaced by the used ones?
A. Wheels and chains.
B. Tyres and seats.
C. Handlebars and stems.
D. Frames and pedals.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第四段第一句Other parts that you can buy used are seats, handlebars and the stem. 可知座椅、车把和把立可以用二手的替代, 故选C。
7. The underlined word “references” in the last paragraph probably means “　　　”.  
A. materials　　　 B. prices
C. introductions D. comments
【解析】选D。词义猜测题。根据后文to see how customers respond to them before you buy anything可知你在买任何东西之前, 看看顾客的反应如何, 即对这些零件的“评价”, 故可推测划线单词意思为“评价”, 故选D。
8. This passage is most likely to be found in 　　　.  
A. a research report
B. a popular magazine
C. a tourist guide book
D. a product advertisement
【解析】选B。推理判断题。文章内容主要是给自行车爱好者说明自行车各个部分的作用和注意事项, 此类文章最有可能出自一份流行杂志。故选B。
Ⅱ. 阅读填句
　　根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2019•全国卷Ⅲ)
In an online class, developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important. 　1　 While I have only listed two of each, there are obviously many other situations that can arise. Students should be able to extend the logic(逻辑)of each to their particular circumstance.  
Do’s
•　2　 Questions about subject content are generally welcomed. Before asking questions about the course design, read the syllabus(教学大纲)and learning management system information to be sure the answer isn’t hiding in plain sight.  
• Participate in discussion forums(论坛), blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue. 　3　 Be sure to stay on topic and not offer irrelevant information. Make a point, and make it safe for others to do the same.  
Don’ts
•Don’t share personal information or stories. Professors are not trained nurses, financial aid experts or your best friends. If you are in need of a deadline extension, simply explain the situation to the professor. 　4　 
• Don’t openly express annoyance at a professor or class. 　5　 When a student attacks a professor on the social media, the language used actually says more about the student. If there is truly a concern about a professor’s professionalism or ability, be sure to use online course evaluations to calmly offer your comments.  
A. That’s what they are for.
B. Turn to an online instructor for help.
C. If more information is needed, they will ask.
D. Remember that online professors get a lot of emails.
E. Below are some common do’s and don’ts for online learners.
F. Everyone has taken a not-so-great class at one time or another.
G. Ask questions, but make sure they are good, thoughtful questions.
【文章大意】本文为说明文, 主要讲述了在网络课堂上, 如何与教授建立健康的交流模式。
1. 【解析】选E。空前一句提到, 在网络课堂上, 与教授建立健康的交流模式非常重要。E项句意为: 以下是一些网上学习者常见的注意事项。该选项承上启下, 符合题意, 故选E。
2. 【解析】选G。本段内容是围绕提问题展开的, 与提问有关的选项只有G项, 句意为: 提出问题, 但要确保你提出的是经过深思熟虑的有价值的问题。故选G。
3. 【解析】选A。空前一句意思为: 参加讨论论坛、博客和其他开放式对话论坛。选项A提到: 这正是教授们所需要的。根据常识可知, 教授们需要学生进行讨论, 以提高思辨能力。故选A。
4. 【解析】选C。本段提到, 教授不是你的私人护士、理财顾问, 也不是你最好的朋友, 所以不要谈论太多私人话题。假如你需要把提交论文的最后期限延后, 只要解释一下你目前的处境就够了。C选项句意为: 如果教授们需要更详细的信息, 他们会问你的。该选项符合题意, 故选C。
5. 【解析】选F。空前句意: 不要公开表达对某一个教授或某一堂课的不满。空后句意: 当一个学生在社交媒体上攻击教授时, 他所使用的语言实际上暴露了他的人品。选项F意思是: 每个人都曾遇到过不太满意的课堂。该选项承上启下, 符合题意。故选F。

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