Unit-1-新视野大学英语第三版.docx

Unit-1-新视野大学英语第三版

New Horizon College English Third Edition Reading and Writing Book One Eric Shi P.E.D
Unit 1 Fresh Start
Text A Toward a Bright Future for All
Before reading
Before reading Text A, you may need to know the following things to help you with a better understanding.

American higher education
In the United States, students can choose to go to college after high school. (They can also choose to go straight to the workforce after high school.) They have the option of attending a two-year community college before applying to a four-year university. Admission to community college is easier, tuition is lower, and class sizes are often smaller than at a university. Community college students can earn an associate degree and transfer up to two years of course credits to a university.

College and university students need to pay tuition, but many earn scholarships or receive loans. Although admissions policies vary from one university to another, most determine admission based on several criteria, including a student's high school course of study, high school Grade Point Average (GPA), participation in extracurricular activities, SAT (Scholastic Assessment Test) or ACT (American College Testing) exam scores, a written essay, and possibly a personal interview with a representative from the admissions office.

Most students in the United States take the SAT Reasoning Test or the ACT during their final year of high school. Each university sets a minimum SAT or ACT score that a student must achieve in order to gain admission. These are standardized quantitative examinations. The SAT tests critical reading, mathematics, and writing skills. The ACT tests English, mathematics, reading, science reasoning, and includes an optional writing test.

Extracurricular activities may include scholastic clubs, athletic teams, student government, and philanthropic clubs. Voluntary participation in these kinds of activities is an indication that a student has learned valuable life lessons, such as teamwork, leadership, or civic responsibility.

University students pursuing a bachelor's degree are called "undergraduates"; students pursuing a master's or doctoral degree are called "graduate students". Most universities give undergraduate students a liberal education, which means students are required to take courses across several disciplines before they specialize in a major field of study. Graduate and professional programs, such as medicine or law, are specialized. All degree programs require students to complete a minimum number of credit hours before graduating.

Selection for admission to a graduate program is based on several criteria. These include completion of a bachelor's degree, the student's undergraduate coursework and GPA. Students are also expected to write an essay as part of their application or to submit a writing sample. Most master's programs require students to have a minimum score on the Graduate Record Examination (GRE), which tests verbal reasoning, quantitative reasoning, critical thinking, and analytical writing skills.

Students continue to take courses at the graduate level. A final thesis is required for most master's programs. Doctoral students take courses until they have earned enough credit hours to attempt their qualifying examinations. These are usually taken over several days and often include a written and oral component. After doctoral students pass their qualifying exams, they are advanced to candidacy and can begin writing their dissertation. Before the degree is given, the completed dissertation must be orally defended before the candidate's faculty committee.

Vera Wang
Vera Wang (王薇薇, 1949- ) is a Chinese-American fashion designer. She was born and raised in New York City. While trained as a figure skater in high school, she eventually earned a degree in art history from Sarah Lawrence College in 1971. But a career in fashion was her dream. She worked as a senior fashion editor for Vogue magazine for 15 years. In 1985, she left Vogue and joined Ralph Lauren as a design director for two years. In 1990, she opened her own design salon in New York, and featured her trademark bridal gowns. Wang has made wedding gowns for many celebrities and public figures, such as Jennifer Lopez (珍妮弗•洛佩兹), Sharon Stone (莎朗•斯通) and Chelsea Clinton (切尔西•克林顿).

Detailed study of the text
Para.1. Good afternoon! As president of the university, I am proud to welcome you to this university. Your achievement is the triumph of years of hard work, both of your own and of your parents and teachers. Here at the university, we pledge to make your educational experience as rewarding as possible.
下午好！ 作为校长，我非常自豪地欢迎你们来到这所大学。 你们所取得的成就是你们自己多年努力的结果，也是你们的父母和老师们多年努力的结果。 在这所大学里，我们承诺将使你们学有所成。
1. Your achievement is the triumph of years of hard work, both of your own and of your parents and teachers. (Para. 1)
Meaning: Your entering this university is an important success. This success is due to many years of your hard work, and many years of your parents’ and teachers’ hard work.
triumph n.
an important victory or success after a difficult struggle
（尤指苦战后获得的）胜利，成功，成就
Winning the championship was a great personal triumph for this young tennis player.
赢得冠军对这个年轻的网球运动员来说是很大的个人成就。
这座桥是现代工程的一大成就。翻译The bridge is a triumph of modern engineering.
The most important thing in life is not the triumph but the struggle. The essential thing is not to have conquered but to have fought well.生活中最重要的事情不是胜利，而是奋斗；不是征服，而是努力拼搏。——Pierre de Coubertin（皮埃尔·德·顾拜旦）

v. If someone or something triumphs, they gain complete success, control, or victory, often after a long or difficult struggle成功; 获胜; 得胜
All her life, Kelly had stuck with difficult tasks and challenges, and triumphed.
凯莉一生经历了各种艰巨的任务与挑战，她都一一成功应对了
正义终将得胜。翻译Justice triumphs in the end.

2. Here at the university, we pledge to make your educational experience as rewarding as possible. (Para. 1)
Meaning: Here at the university, we promise to make your educational experience as worthwhile as possible.
rewarding: a. giving you satisfaction, pleasure, or profit 值得的；有意义的；有回报的
Our journey to the orphanage was a very rewarding experience. 我们的孤儿院之行非常有意义。

pledge
vt.
make a formal, usu. public, promise that you will do sth. 发誓；作保证
The new president pledged to cut taxes and increase employment.
新总统承诺要削减税收、增加就业。
汤姆保证决不泄密。翻译Tom pledged never to tell the secret.
Philip pledges support and offers to help in any way that he can. 菲利普保证给予支持，并主动提出尽其所能提供帮助。
n.
[C] (fml.) a serious promise or agreement, esp. one made publicly or officially
（尤指公开或正式作出的）誓言，誓约；保证
All the candidates have given pledges not to raise taxes if they are elected.
所有的候选人都保证如果他们当选，他们不会提高税收。
And as we walk, we must make the pledge that we shall march ahead.
当我们行动时,我们必须保证勇往直前.
Word formation note:
形容词后缀-ing
1. -ing加在某些及物动词后，构成形容词，主要用于表示事物的性质或特征，或某物或某事给人的感觉、情感、印象等。这类词包括: welcoming, charming, discouraging, disgusting, frightening, alarming, surprising等。例如：
a welcoming smile 热情的微笑
a charming house on the outskirts of the town 在城镇郊外的一栋漂亮的房子
an alarming increase in housing price 房价的惊人增长
A surprising number of men stay bachelors. 有相当多的男子仍然是单身。
2. -ing加在不及物动词之后，构成形容词，表示某事或某人仍然处于某种状态。例如：
a recurring problem 反复出现的问题
his aging mother 他那日渐苍老的母亲
He wore his hair in the prevailing fashion. 他的头发理的是当时盛行的发型。

Q1. What are your expectations of college education?
Q2. How will you make the most of this marvelous opportunity and exciting new experience?
Q3. What will you do to ensure that the journey you begin at this university today leads you toward a bright and successful future?

Para.2 In welcoming you to the university, I am reminded of my own high school graduation and the photograph my mom took of my dad and me. "Pose naturally," Mom instructed us. "Wait!" said Dad, "Let's take a picture of me handing him an alarm clock." The clock woke me up every morning in college. It is still on my office desk.
在欢迎你们到来的这一刻，我想起自己高中毕业时的情景，还有妈妈为我和爸爸拍的合影。 妈妈吩咐我们：“姿势自然点。” “等一等,”爸爸说，“把我递给他闹钟的情景拍下来。” 在大学期间，那个闹钟每天早晨叫醒我。 至今它还放在我办公室的桌子上。

3. In welcoming you to the university, I am reminded of my own high school graduation and the photograph my mom took of my dad and me. (Para. 2)
Meaning: When I am welcoming you to this university, something I remember is my own high school graduation and the photo my mom took of my dad and me.
remind sb. of sb./sth.
1 make sb. remember sb. that they know or sth. that happened in the past
使某人想起某人或某事
This story reminds me of my childhood. 这个故事让我想起了我的童年。
The song always reminds me of our holiday in Mexico.
那首歌总让我想起我们在墨西哥的那次假期。

2 be very similar to sb. or sth. else 使某人想起（相似的）人或事
Nancy was tall and slim, and reminded me of my cousin Sarah.
翻译：南希身材高挑，让我想起了我的表妹萨拉。

Pattern:
remind...of... 某物或某人使...想起... (of后加名词或动名词)
remind sb about sth 提醒某人做某事
Don't forget to remind her about the dinner party.记住提醒她不要忘了宴会。

pose
vi.
sit or stand somewhere so that sb. can take a photograph of you or paint a picture of you
（为照相或画像而）摆姿势
Please sit still while you pose for your photo.你摆好姿势拍照时请坐着别动。
The leaders posed briefly for photographs before entering the conference room.
领导们进入会议室之前匆匆地摆个姿势拍照。

vt.
create a difficult or dangerous situation 造成，导致（困难或危险）
This could pose a threat to jobs in the coal industry.
这可能会给煤炭产业的就业造成威胁。
我们很高兴的得知化工厂的事故没有对环境构成威胁。
翻译：We are very glad to hear that the incident in the chemical plant poses no threat to the environment.
His ill health poses serious problems for the future. 他身体不好，对将来造成严重的隐患。
Bandits sometimes pose difficulties for the police. 匪徒有时给警察带来许多麻烦.

vt.
put forward for discussion提出
When I finally posed the question, ‘Why?' he merely shrugged.
当我最后问“为什么”时，他只是耸了耸肩。
The continuing increase in population numbers poses some awkward questions for the government. 人口数字的不断增长给政府提出了一些棘手的问题。

Para.3. Let me share with you something that you may not expect. You will miss your old routines and your parents' reminders to work hard and attain your best. You may have cried tears of joy to be finally finished with high school, and your parents may have cried tears of joy to be finally finished with doing your laundry! But know this: The future is built on a strong foundation of the past.
让我来告诉你们一些你们未必预料得到的事情。 你们将会怀念以前的生活习惯，怀念父母曾经提醒你们要刻苦学习、取得佳绩。 你们可能因为高中生活终于结束而喜极而泣，你们的父母也可能因为终于不用再给你们洗衣服而喜极而泣！ 但是要记住：未来是建立在过去扎实的基础上的。
4. You will miss your old routines and your parents’ reminders to work hard and attain your best. (Para. 3)
Meaning: You will miss your usual life patterns and your parents’ reminding words that you should work hard and achieve the best you can.
routine
n.
[C, U] your usual way of doing things, esp. when you do them in a fixed order at the same time 例行公事；常规；惯例
Arriving at the office at 8 a.m. and staying there until 5 p.m. has become my routine.
早上8点到办公室，一直呆到下午5点，这已经成了我的惯例。
They did it as a matter of routine.
他们那样做只是例行公事。
You just need to break out of that boring routine.
你只需改变一成不变的无聊生活。

a.
happening as a normal part of a job or process 常规的；例行的；惯常的
The operator has to be able to carry out routine maintenance of the machine.
操作员必须能对机器进行日常维护。
这个问题是在一次例行检查中发现的。
翻译The problem was discovered during a routine check.

reminder n. [C]sth. that makes you notice, remember, or think about sth. 起提醒作用的东西
The cold served as a reminder that winter wasn’t quite finished.
寒冷的天气提醒人们冬天还没有过去。

attain
vt.
(fml.) succeed in achieving sth. after trying for a long time 得到；获得；赢得
Not all athletes attain this standard of physical fitness.
并非所有的运动员都能达到这种身体素水平。
India attained independence in 1947.
They're sure to attain emancipation in the end.
他们最后一定能获得解放。
The important thing in life is to have a great aim, and the determination to attain it.
翻译：人生重要的事情就是确定一个伟大的目标，并决心实现它。
我们应该能够实现这个目标。翻译：We should be able to attain that goal.

CF: attain, achieve & accomplish
这三个动词均有“达到、完成”之意。
attain 指努力去达成或实现目标，常指事先没有确信会成功而去追求的目标。
achieve 指由于功绩或努力而理所当然应该得到的成功。
accomplish指完成规定的任务。
Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.
1) He ________ the building of the bookcase. (accomplished)

2) She finally _______ her ends. (attained)
3) Kacy_______ the rank of deputy director. (attained)
4) He will never ______ his objectives if he does not work harder. (achieve)

foundation
n.[C] the most basic part of something from which the rest of it develops 基础；根基；根据；
Good order is the foundation of all things.
All these have laid a solid political foundation for consolidated national unity.
所有这些为巩固国家统一奠定了坚实的政治基础。
他通过学习和努力工作为成功打下了基础。
翻译He laid the foundation of his success by study and hard work.

CF: base, basis & foundation
这几个名词都有“基础，根基”的意思。
base指构成或支撑某一具体物体的基础，也可指军事基地或用作比喻意义。例如：
The lamp stands on a circular base. (= 落地灯由圆形底座支撑。)
Some of the military bases on this island were built in the 19th century. (= 这个岛上的一些军事基地建于19世纪。)
basis主要用作抽象或引申意义。例如：
Charity toward others is the basis of her philosophy. 慈善待人是她人生观的基点。
foundation用于具体意义时，指坚固结实的建筑物的基础或地基；用作比喻意义时，与basis基本相同。例如：
The earthquake shook the foundations of the house. 地震连屋基都震动了。
Those thoughts rocked her belief to its foundations. 那些想法从根本上动摇了她的信念。

5. You may have cried tears of joy to be finally finished with high school, and your parents may have cried tears of joy to be finally finished with doing your laundry! (Para. 3)
Meaning: Perhaps you were so happy that you cried because at last you finished high school, and perhaps your parents were so happy that they cried because eventually they wouldn’t have to do your laundry any more!
Note: Pay attention to the humor the president creates by contrasting the different responses from children and their parents — they all cried, but for different reasons!

may have done sth.: used for talking about past possibilities
She might have changed her mind and decided not to come. 她可能已经改变了主意，决定不来了。

finished: (not before noun) no longer doing, dealing with, or using sth. 结束了的
Are you finished with my tools yet? 我的工具你用完了吗？

Collocation note:
1． do是最常见的表示“做”的动词，说明某人进行某项行动、活动或任务，常和事情或工作搭配。例如：
Today I have a lot of work to do. 我今天有好多工作要做。
2． do也常常和表示锻炼或劳动等方面的名词或动名词连用，表示做与家务有关的事情。例如：
do physical exercise/the dishes/one’s cooking 进行锻炼/洗碗/做饭

6. But know this: The future is built on a strong foundation of the past. (Para. 3)
Meaning: But you should know that your future can only be attained when it is built on a solid past.

Para.4. For you, these next four years will be a time unlike any other. Here you are surrounded by great resources: interesting students from all over the country, a learned and caring faculty, a comprehensive library, great sports facilities, and student organizations covering every possible interest — from the arts to science, to community service and so on. You will have the freedom to explore and learn about new subjects. You will learn to get by on ve