职称英语考试理工类B级试题及答案汇编.doc

职称英语考试理工类B级试题及答案汇编

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职称英语考试理工类B级试题及答案
第1部分：词汇选项（第1~15题，每题1分，共15分）
下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1.I have been trying to quit  smoking.
A.give up　B.pick up　C.build up　D.take up
2.Relief workers  were shocked by what they saw.
A.moved　B.touched　C.surprised　D.worried
3.The weather is a constant subject  of conversation in Britain.
A.question　B.problem　C.title　D.topic
4.This is not typical  of English,but is a feature of the Chinese language.
A.particular　B.characteristic　C.remarkable　D.idiomatic
5.It is virtually impossible to persuade him to apply for the job.
A.simply　B.almost　C.totally　D.completely
6.These are defensive behavior patterns  which derive  from our fears.
A.stem　B.rely　C.develop　D.grow
7.Only a small minority of the mentally ill are liable to harm themselves or others.
A.easy　B.possible　C.likely　D.difficult
8.They have the capability  to destroy the enemy in a few days.
A.possibility　B.necessity　C.ability　D.probability
9.We have never seen such gorgeous hills.
A.beautiful　B.stretching　C.spreading　D.rolling
10.The leaves have been swept into huge heaps.
A.loads　B.layers　C.pyramids　D.piles
11.The news will horrify everyone.
A.attract　B.terrify　C.tempt　D.excite
12.The article sketched the major events of the decade.
A.described　B.offered　C.outlined　D.presented
13.I won't tolerate that kind of behavior.
A.bear　B.receive　C.admit　D.take
14.Their style of playing football is utterly different.
A.barely　B.scarcely　C.hardly　D.totally
15.Her sister urged her to apply for the job.
A.advised　B.caused　C.forced　D.promised
第2部分：阅读判断（第16~22题，第题1分，共7分）
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C.
Black Holes
　　Most scientists agree that black holes exist but are nearly impossible to locate.A black hole in the universe is not a solid object,like a planet,but it is shaped like a sphere （球体）.Astronomers（天文学家）think that at the center of a black hole there is a single point in space with infinite（无限的）density（稠密）.This single point is called a singularity （奇点）.If the singularity theory is correct,it means that when a massive star collapses,all the material in it disappears into the singularity.The center of a black hole would not really be a hole at all,but an infinitely dense point.Anything that crosses the black hole is pulled in by its great gravity.
　　Although black holes do exist,they are difficult to observe.These are the reasons.
　　● No light or anything else comes out of black holes.As a result,they are invisible to a telescope.
　　● In astronomical terms,black holes are truly.For example,a black hole formed by the collapse of a giant star would have an event horizon（视界）only 18 miles across.
　　● The nearest black holes would be dozens of light years away from Earth.One light year is about 6 trillion（万亿）miles.Even the most powerful telescopes could not pick out an object so small at such a great distance.
　　In 1994 the Hubble Space Telescope provided evidence that black holes exist.There are still answers to be found,however,so black holes remain one of the mysteries of the universe.
　　16.Black holes are part of space.
　　A.Right　　B.Wrong　　C.Not mentioned
　　17.Black holes exist but are difficult to observe.
　　A.Right　　B.Wrong　　C.Not mentioned
　　18.The center of a black hole is empty.
　　A.Right　　B.Wrong　　C.Not mentioned
　　19.The attraction of two large stars leads to gravity.
　　A.Right　　B.Wrong　　C.Not mentioned
　　20.The sun is the heaviest star in the universe.
　　A.Right　　B.Wrong　　C.Not mentioned
　　21.The nearest black holes are hundreds of light years away from us.
　　A.Right　　B.Wrong　　C.Not mentioned
　　22.The Hubble Space Telescope helps scientists to understand the nature of the universe.
　　A.Right　　B.Wrong　　C.Not mentioned
　第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23~30题，每题1分，共8分）
　　下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2~5段每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
Memory Test
　　1"I am going to give you five techniques that will enable you to remember anything you need to know at school,"promised lecturer lan Robinson to a hundred schoolchildren.He slapped his hand down on the table."When I've finished in two hours' time,your work will be far more effective and productive.Anyone not interested,leave now."The entire room sat still.
　　2Robinson calls himself the Mind Magician （魔术师）.He specializes in doing magic tricks that look totally impossible,and then he  reveals that they involve nothing more mysterious than good old-fashioned trickery （骗术）."I have always  been interested in tricks involving  memory-being able to reel off （一口气 说出） the order of cards in a pack,that sort of thing,"he  explains.
　　3Robinson was already  lecturing to schools on his magic techniques when it struck him that students might find memory techniques even more valuable."It wasn't difficult area to move inot,as the stuff's all there in books."So he summarized everything to make a two-hour lecture about five techniques.
　　4"You want to learn a list of a hundred things?A thousand?No problem,"says Robinson.The scandal is that every child is not taught the techniques from the beginning of their school life.The schoolchildren who were watching him thought it was brilliant."I wish I'd  been told this earlier,"commented Mark,after Robinson had shown them how to construct"mental journeys".
　　5Essentially,you visualize （想象） a walk down a street,or a trip round a room,and pick the points where you will put the things you want to remember-the lamppost,the fruit bowl.Then in each location you put a visual representation of your list-phrasal verbs,historical dates,whatever-making them as strange as possible.It is that simple,and it works.
　　6The reaction of schools has been uniformly enthusiastic."The pupils benefited enormously from lan's presentation,"says Dr Johnston,head of the school where Robinson was speaking."ldeally we should run a regular class in  memory techniques so pupils can pick it up gradually."
　　23.Paragraph 2　　　　　.
　　24.Paragraph 3　　　　　.
　　25.Paragraph 4　　　　　.
　　26.Paragraph 5　　　　　.
　　A　Good results
　　B　An ancient skill
　　C　Gaining attention
　　D　Memory tricks
　　E　A lecture on memory techniques
　　F　Ways to improve  memory
　　27.The memory techniques used are no more complex than the old.
　　28.Robinson taught children to use"mental journeys"to improve.
　　29.Robinson told the pupils that all the memory techniques could be found in.
　　30.The schoolchildren got a lot from the magician's.
　　A　books　　B　lecture　　C　tricks　　D　facts　　E　memory
　第4部分：阅读理解（第31~45题，每题3分，共45分）
　　下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
　　第一篇
Renewable Energy Sources
　　Today petroleum（石油）provides around 40% of the world's energy needs,mostly fuelling automobiles.Coal is still used,mostly in power stations,to cover one-quarter of our energy needs,but it is the least efficient,unhealthiest and most environmentally damaging fossil fuel（矿物燃料）.Natural gas reserves could fill some of the gap from oil,but reserves of that will not last into the 22nd century either.Most experts predict we will exhaust easily accessible reserves within 50 years.Less-polluting renewable energy sources offer a more practical long-term energy solution."Renewable"refers to the fact that these resources are not used faster than they can be replaced.
　　Hydroelectric（水力发电的）power is now the most common form of renewable energy,supplying around 20% of world electricity.China's Three Gorges Dam is the largest ever.At five times the size of the US's Hoover Dam,its 26 turbines（涡轮机）will generate the equivalent energy of 18 coal-fired power stations.It will satisfy 3% of China's entire electricity demand.
　　In ,the first commercial power station to use tidal（潮汐的）currents in the open sea opened in Norway.It is designed like windmill（风车）,but others take the form of turbines.
　　As prices fall,wind power has become the fastest growing type of electricity generation-quadrupling（翻两番）worldwide between 1999 and .Modern wind farms consist of turbines that generate electricity.Though it will be more expensive,there is more than enough wind to provide the world's entire energy needs.Wind farms come in onshore and offshore forms.They can often end up at spots of natural beauty,and are often unpopular with residents.And turbines are not totally harmless-they can interfere with radar,alter climate and kill sea birds.Scotland is building Europe's largest wind farm,which will power 200,000 homes.The UK's goal is to generate one-fifth of power from renewable sources,mainly wind,by 2020.But this may cause problems,because wind is unreliable.
　　31.According to the passage,which of the following is the most polluting energy resource?
　　A.Petroleum.　　B.Coal.　　C.Natural gas　　D.Water.
　　32.China's Three Gorges Dam
　　A.is the first hydroelectric dam in the world.
　　B.is of the same size as the US's Hoover Dam.
　　C.can generate around 3% of world electricity.
　　D.is the largest hydroelectric dam in the world.
33.Which country took the lead in making use of tidal currents to produce power in ?
　　A.The UK.　　B.China.　　C.Norway.　　D.The US.
34.One of the problems with wind farms is that
　　A.there is not enough wind.　　B.wind is not reliable.
　　C.they can only be built on the sea.　　D.they might influence the world economy.
　　35.According to the passage,resources like wind are
　　A.renewable.　　B.recyclable.　　C.damaging.　　D.scarce.
　　第二篇
Hurricane（飓风）Katrina
　　A hurricane is a fiercely powerful,rotating（旋转的）form of tropical storm that can be 124 to 1,240 miles in diameter.The term hurricane is derived from Hurican,the name of a native American storm god.Hurricanes are typical of a calm central region of low pressure between 12 to 60 miles in diameter,known as the eye.They occur in tropical regions.Over its lifetime,one of these can  release as much energy as 10,000 nuclear bombs.
　　The seed for hurricane formation is a cluster（聚集）of thunderstoms over warm tropical waters.Hurricanes can only form and be fed when the sea-surface temperature exceeds 27℃ and the surrounding atmosphere is calm.These requirements are met between June and November in the northern part of the world.
　　Under these conditions,large quantities of water evaporate（蒸发）and condense（冷凝）into clouds and rain-releasing heat in the process.It is this heat energy,combined with the rotation of the Earth,that drives a hurricane.
　　When the warm column of air from the sea surface first begins to rise,it causes an area of low pressure.This in turn creates wind as air is drawn into the area.This spinning wind drags up more moist air from the sea surface in a process that strengthens the storm.Cold air falls back to the ocean surface through the eye and on the outside of the storm.
　　Initially,when wind speeds reach 23 miles per hour,these mild,wet and grey weather systems are known as depressions,or low air pressure.Hurricane Katrina formed in this way over the south-eastern Bahamas on 23 August .Katrina has had a devastating impact on the Gulf Coast of the US,leaving a disaster zone of 90,000 square miles in its wake（尾迹）-almost the size of the UK.Thousands have been killed or injured and more than half a million people have become homeless in a humanitarian（人道主义的）crisis of a scale not seen in the US since the Great Depression.The cost of the damage may top $100 billion.
　　36.The eye of a hurricane refers to its
　　A.lower part.　　B.rotating part.　　C.calm central part.　　D.most violent part.
37.Which of the following is NOT a "requirement"for the formation of a hurricane?
　　A.Calm surrounding atmosphere.　　B.High air pressure.
　　C.Warm sea-surface temperature.
D.A group of thunderstorms over warm tropical waters.
　　38.When the warm air from the sea surface begins to rise,it
　　A.creates an area of low pressure.
　　B.supplies cold air to the eye of a hurricane.
　　C.increases the sea-surface temperature.
　　D.strengthens the rotation of the earth.
　　39.The word"impact"（paragragh 5）could be best replaced by
　　A."function".　　B."pressure".
　　C."disaster".　　D."effect".
　　40.Which of the following is NOT true of Hurricane Katrina according to the last paragraph?
　　A.The area affected is almost as big as the UK.
　　B.It has left a disaster zone of 90,000 square miles.
　　C.Over half a million people have been forced to leave their homes.
　　D.This crisis is more serious than that of the Great Depression.
　第三篇
Trying to Find a Parther
　　One of the most striking findings of a recent poll  in the UK is that of the people inbterviewed,one in two believes that it is becoming more difficult to meet someone to start a family with.
　　Why are many finding it increasingly difficult to start and sustain intimate relationships?Does modern life really make it harder to fall in love?Or are we making it harder for ourselves?
　　It is certainly the case today that contemporary couples benefit in different ways from relationships.Women no longer rely upon partners for economic security or status.A man doesn't expect his spouse to be  in sole charge of running his household and raising his children.
　　But perhaps the knowledge that we can live perfectly well without a partnership means  that it takes much more to persuade people to abandon their independence.
　　In theory,finding a partner should be much simpler these days.Only a few generations ago,your choice of soulmate （心上人） was constrained（限制） by geography,social convention and family  tradition.Although it was never explicit,many marriages were essentially  arranged.
　　Now those barriers have been broken down.You can approach a builder or a brain surgeon  in any bar in any city on any given evening.When the world is your oyster （牡蛎）,you surely have a better chance of finding a pearl.
　　But it seems that the old conventions have been replaced by an even tighter constraint:the tyranny of choice.
　　The expectations of partners are inflated（提高） to an unmanageable degree:good looks,impressive salary,kind to grandmother,and right socks.There is no room for error in the first impression.
　　We think that a relationship can be perfect.If it isn't,it is disposable.We work to protect ourselves against future heartache and don't put in the hard emotional labor needed to build a strong relationship.Of course,this is complicated by realities.The cost of housing and child-rearing creates pressure to have a stable income and career before a life partnership.
　　41.What does the recent poll show?
　　A.It is getting more difficult for a woman to find her husband.
　　B.It is getting increasingly difficult to start a familyl.
　　C.It is getting more difficult for a man to find his wife.
　　D.It is  getting increasingly difficult to develop an intimate relationship with your spouse.
　　42.Which of the following is NOT true about a contemporary married couple?
　　A.The wife doesn't have to raise the children all by herself.
　　B.The husband doesn't have to support the family all by himself.
　　C.The wif