黑龙江省甘南县2021高考英语二轮复习阅读理解训练4.doc

黑龙江甘南县2016高考英语二轮阅读理解训练（4）
【2016高考模拟题】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A.B.C和D项中，选出最佳选项。
Itzhak Perlman was born in Tel Aviv, in what was then Palestine, in nineteen-forty five. Today he lives in New York City. But his music has made him a citizen of the world. He has played in almost every major city.
He has won many Grammy awards for his recordings. He has also won Emmy awards for his work on television.
Itzhak Perlman suffered from polio （脑灰质炎）at the age of four. The disease damaged his legs. He uses a wheelchair or walks with the aid of crutches on his arms.
But none of this stopped him from playing the violin. He began as a young child. He took his first lessons at the Music Academy of Tel Aviv. Very quickly, his teachers recognized that he had a special gift.
At thirteen he went to the United Sates to appear on television. His playing earned him the financial aid to attend the Juilliard School in New York.
In nineteen sixty-four Itzhak Perlman won the Leventritt Competition in that city. His international fame had begun.
His music is full of power and strength. It can be sad or joyful, loud or soft. But critics say it is not the music alone that makes his playing so special. They say he is able to communicate the joy he feels in playing, and the emotions that great music can deliver.
Anyone who has attended a performance by Itzhak Perlman will tell you that it is exciting to watch him play. His face changes as the music from his violin changes.
He looks sad when the music seems sad. He smiles and closes his eyes when the music is light and happy. He often looks dark and threatening when the music seems dark and threatening.
In nineteen-eighty six, President Ronald Reagan honored Itzhak Perlman with a Medal of Liberty. In two-thousand, President Bill Clinton awarded him the National Medal of Arts. Several major universities have awarded him honors. He continues to receive honors for his music.
1. According to the passage, we know Itzhak Perlman___________.
A. is 60 years old today B. was born in New York City
C. was a rich citizen of the world D. has some achievement in music
2. Despite the disease, none of this stopped Itzhak Perlman and he_________.
A. took his first lessons at the Music Academy of New York
B. appear on television for the first time in New York.
C. got the financial aid to continue his study of music
D. won the Leventritt Competition in his nineties
3. When the music seems dark，Itzhak Perlman often looks _______.
A. dark B. sad C. happy D. light
4. We can infer from the passage Ronald Reagan must be president of __________.
A. Palestine B. Germany C. the USA D. England

这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了Itzhak Perlman虽然从小患了脑灰质炎并且因此而伤了一条腿，然而却自强不息，显示了音乐才能并取得了成功的故事。
1.D 细节理解题。根据文章第二段won many Grammy awards for his recordings以及won Emmy awards for his work on television可判断Itzhak Perlman在音乐上作出了比较大的成就。
2.C 细节理解题。根据文章第六段His playing earned him the financial aid to attend the Juilliard School in New York可判断Itzhak Perlman得到了经济资助得以去the Juilliard School上学学习音乐。
3.A细节理解题。根据倒数第二段He often looks dark and threatening when the music seems dark and threatening可判断。
4.C 推理判断题。根据文中前文他一直在纽约发展可判断是在美国获得的成就，因此选C。

【2014高考训练题】
The way people hold to the belief that a fun-filled, and pain-free life equals happiness actually reduces their chances of ever attaining real happiness. If fun and pleasure are equal to happiness then pain must be equal to unhappiness. But in fact, the opposite is true: more often than not things that lead to happiness involve some pain.
As a result, many people avoid the very attempts that are the source of true happiness. They fear the pain inevitably(不可避免的) brought by such things as marriage, raising children, professional achievement, religious commitment (义务), self - improvement.
Ask a bachelor(单身汉) why he resists marriage even though he finds dating to be less and less satisfying. If he is honest he will tell you that he is afraid of making a commitment. For commitment is in fact quite painful. The single life is filled with fun, adventure, excitement. Marriage has such moments, but they are not its most distinguishing features.
Couples with infant children are lucky to get a whole night’s sleep or a three - day vacation. I don’t know any parent who would choose the word fun to describe raising children. But couples who decide not to have children never know the joys of watching a child grow up or of playing with a grandchild.
Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is one of the most liberating realizations. It liberates time: now we can devote more hours to activities that can genuinely increase our happiness. It liberates （解放）money: buying that new car or those fancy clothes that will do nothing to increase our happiness now seems pointless. And it liberates us from envy: we now understand that all those who are always having so much fun actually may not be happy at all.

58. According to the author, a bachelor resists marriage chiefly because _______ .
A. he is reluctant to take on family responsibilities
B. he believes that life will be more cheerful if he remains single
C. he finds more fun in dating than in marriage
D. he fears it will put an end to all his fun adventure and excitement
59. From the last paragraph, we learn that envy sometimes stems from ________ .
A. hatred　　 B. misunderstanding　 C. prejudice　　D. ignorance
60. What is the author trying to tell us?
A. Happiness often goes hand in hand with pain.
B. One must know how to attain happiness.
C. It is important to make 首发
D. It is pain that leads to happiness.
【参考答案】58-60 ABA

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
【2014高考训练题】
Heads of states from around the world gathered in South Africa on Dec.10, 2013 for a farewell to Nelson Mandela, the respected statesman against racial inequality.
Born in 1918 in a country where blacks and other non-whites were racially separated in every manner possible: education, hospital, public transport, even beaches, Mandela fought a lifelong battle for freedom and justice for all.
In the 1940s, Mandela and the Youth League of the Africa National Congress(ANC非国大青年联盟) were active to help organize strikes and demonstrations(示威) against the country’s system of racial inequality – Some blacks were forcibly removed from homes and they had no right to vote. As a result, he and several other ANC leaders were arrested in 1963.
Despite facing the death penalty, Mandela told the court that his action had been for the ideal of a free, democratic (民主的) society with equal opportunity for all races. “It is an ideal for which I am prepared to die,” Mandela said at the time. Later he and his fellows escaped the death and were sentenced to life in prison, where he spent the next 27 years. Even in prison, he never stopped fighting.
On Feb. 11, 1990, having endured great hardships, and after nearly two years of secret negotiation, Mandela walked to freedom through the gate of Cape Town’s Victor Verster prison, watched by cameras and broadcast live around the world. Four years later, he was again in the international spotlight when he celebrated the outcome of South Africa’s first democratic elections, becoming the country’s first black president.
The nation, thanks in large part to Mandela, is no longer a victim of racial inequality but is able to participate freely in the global economy, sports and other areas.

36. What might be the purpose of writing the passage?
A. To ask us to learn from Mandela. B. To memorialize Mandela.
C. To give a description of Mandela. D. To seek help for people in South Africa.
37. In the 1960s in South Africa, black people _____.
A. lived in a democratic society
B. enjoyed the same rights with whites
C. had no rights to take part in elections
D. fought together with whites for freedom
38. What is Mandela’s attitude toward his lifelong fighting for racial equality?
A. Sceptical. B. Disappointed. C. Optimistic. D. Pessimistic(悲观的).
39. All the following statements about Mandela are true EXCEPT that _____.
A. he passed away when he was 95
B. he went on fighting for racial equality even in prison
C. people of all races in South Africa have equal rights, thanks to him
D. he was the first black president in the world
40. How did the author develop the passage after the opening paragraph?
A. By asking questions. B. By making comparison.
C. By arising debates. D. By following time order.
【参考答案】36~40 BCCDD

阅读理解。
Chemicals used for industrial processes often create dangerous forms of waste. The amount of these chemicals has risen heavily in the past few years, as more areas of the world industrialize and new products are produced. Over 80,000 different chemicals are used in industries world-wide. Around the world hundreds of millions of tons of harmful waste are produced each year. Often, it is difficult and expensive to get rid of these chemicals or to store them in a way that does not endanger human life and the environment.
Every year, major health problems result from harmful waste. Sadly, it is often after someone has died or, become seriously ill that governments will take actions and reduce levels of dumped（倾倒的）harmful waste. In 1989, a school in New Jersey had to be closed because students there had suffered too much exposure（暴露）to chromium（铬）. It was later learned that large amounts of chromium had been dumped nearby and blown over to the school area.
Research has been done to provide information on the effects of every chemical. Because waste chemicals often mix together, it will also be necessary to learn how the combinations of these chemicals affect human health.
Some governments have realized how serious the problem is and are making laws to get rid of harmful waste. They are also trying to limit the amount of waste industries are allowed to produce.
Not only governments but the public as well must form part of the solution. They can choose not to buy those products which require the production of harmful waste, attempt to affect policymakers, and produce less harmful waste themselves. Many scientists think that waste production can be cut. The waste can be reduced by at least one-third using existing technologies and methods.
1. What is mainly discussed in the text?
A. The effect of every chemical. B. Problems of harmful waste.
C. Chemicals used for industrial processes. D. Events related to waste chemicals.
答案解析：答案为B。本题为主旨大意题。文章先陈述工业生产过程中使用化学物产生的有害垃圾所导致的问题，并举例证明，最后探讨解决这一问题的方案。在第一段的首句 “Chemicals used for industrial processes often create dangerous forms of waste.”和最后一句 “Often, it is difficult and expensive to get rid of these chemicals or to store them in a way that does not endanger human life and the environment.”都是在指出有害垃圾这一严峻的问题。故答案为B。

2. From the text we know that .
A. chromium can poison people when there is a wind
B. chromium pollution makes the local government close the school
C. some governments don’t realize how serious the problems are until people suffer a lot from harmful waste
D. about two-thirds of the waste can pollute the environment
答案解析：答案为C。本题为细节推理题。从第二段的第三句话 “In 1989, a school in New Jersey had to be closed because students there had suffered too much exposure（暴露）to chromium（铬）.”可知，学校不得不被迫关闭是由于学生暴露在倾倒的垃圾铬之中，生命受到了威胁，故答案为C “ 直到人们饱受有害废弃垃圾的危害，政府才意识到问题的严重性。B选项只是文章的细节，属于表面现象；C选项真正概括了问题的本质，是通过细节推理出的总结性答案。故选C。
从第二段的最后一句话 “It was later learned that large amounts of chromium had been dumped nearby and blown over to the school area.”可知，铬威胁着人的生命是由于 “dumped nearby and blown over” 即 “倾倒而被风吹拂”, 而不仅仅由于风，故A选项错误。D选项与文章最后一句话 “The waste can be reduced by at least one-third using existing technologies and methods.”不符。

3. Which of the following least matches the solution the writer refers to?
A. Chemicals used for industrial processes should be banned.
B. People can make use of the existing technologies and methods to reduce the waste.
C. Policymakers make laws to limit the production of harmful waste.
D. People choose not to buy products which may produce harmful waste.
答案解析：答案为A。本题考查作者的观点态度。解答此题需看清题意 “哪个选项与作者提到的解决方案最不匹配?” 从文章的最后一段最后一句话 “The waste can be reduced by at least one-third using existing technologies and methods.” 可知，B选项正确；从最后一段 “They can choose not to buy those products which require the production of harmful waste, attempt to affect policymakers, and produce less harmful waste themselves.” 可知，作者的态度是号召政府与公众不买生产有害垃圾的产品；政策制定者可以生产较少的有害垃圾，而非禁止工业生产过程中使用化学物品。故C、D是正确的，A选项与作者的态度最不匹配。

4. The writer of the text thinks that .
A. governments should have forbidden the production of waste chemicals
B. mixed waste chemicals can always be stored without endangering people
C. industries must not produce waste chemicals which harm people so much
D. everyone can do something to help solve the problem of waste chemicals
答案解析：答案为D。本题考查作者的观点态度。结合上题分析，作者认为应该限制和减少有害化学物的生产，而不是A选项的禁止，也不是C选项的不允许生产，故A、C不正确；B选项在文章中未提及， always 一词也使得该选项太绝对，故不选。只有D选项才是作者的观点：人人都可以帮助解决有害化学物的问题。故答案为D。

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