分子间和分子内的相互作用力.pptx
《分子间和分子内的相互作用力.pptx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《分子间和分子内的相互作用力.pptx(63页珍藏版)》请在咨信网上搜索。
1、(Intermolecular Forces)之物质结构(之物质结构(3)分子间作用力分子间作用力Dr.Xiaogai Yang Department of Chemical BiologySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesPeking UniversityEmail:How Drug works-A majority of pharmacologic responses are mediated through receptors-Weak Interactions Are Crucial to Macromolecular Structure and Fun
2、ction 云腾致雨 露结为霜 Intermolecular ForcesStates of MatterKinetic energies of the particle Intermolecular ForcesTemperatureThe boiling point and melting point increase with increasing The boiling point and melting point increase with increasing intermolecular forces.intermolecular forces.Molecular polari
3、tyMolecular polarityInstantaneous dipolePermanent dipoleIntermolecular forces are electrostatic forces.Intermolecular forces are electrostatic forces.The Origination of Intermolecular Forces Types of Intermolecular ForcesOrientation ForceInduction ForceLondon Dispersion ForceH-BondingIon-Dipole Forc
4、esHydrophobic InteractionsOrientation ForceDipole Dipole ForcePolar moleculePolar moleculeInduction ForceDipole Induced Dipole ForcePolar moleculePolar moleculePolar moleculeNonpolar moleculeLondon Dispersion ForceInduced Dipole Induced Dipole ForcePolar moleculePolar moleculePolar moleculeNonpolar
5、moleculeNonpolar moleculeNonpolar moleculePolarizabilityDispersion force tends to increase with increasing molecular massSummaryOrientation ForceInduction ForceDispersionForcePolar moleculePolar moleculePolar moleculeNonpolar moleculeNonpolar moleculeNonpolar moleculevan der Waals Forces分子偶极矩(实)/10-
6、30Cm取向力/kJmol-1诱导力/kJmol-1色散力/kJmol-1总分子间作用力/kJmol-1沸点/KHI1.400.0250.11325.8726.00HBr2.670.690.50221.9423.11206.2HCl3.603.311.0016.8321.14189.2分子间作用能的分配ExerciseB.P.increase with the M.W.increasingExceptionException:HH2 2O,HF O,HF 和和和和NHNH3 3WHY WHY?Except for van der Waals forces,there must be some
7、other force氢键氢键(H-Bonding)XH-YNOFFNO极性共价键极性共价键an unshared electron pairOne of the smaller atoms-X相同-Y相同-X,Y均相同-A hydrogen bond is an attractive interaction between an unshared electron pair on an electronegative O,N,and F and a positively polarized hydrogen atom bonded to another O,N,or F.high boili
8、ng pointslow boiling points分子间缔合,沸点升高,熔点升高分子间缔合,沸点升高,熔点升高-可形成分子间或分子内氢键可形成分子间或分子内氢键Inter-&intra-molecular hydrogen bondA water molecule can form up to four hydrogen bonds.Hydrogen bonding by a water molecule around a molecule in the solid in the liquidStructure and Properties of WaterBecause of Hydro
9、gen Bonding.lWater has a uniquely high specific heat(1 cal/gC)and a uniquely high heat of vaporization(541.6 cal/g).Thermal regulation of the climate.Absorbs heat during the day(vaporization of water)Warms the earth during the night(dew etc.).lThe density of solid water is less than liquid water.Ver
10、y unusual.This allows life to exist in our oceans and lakes.DNA分子中存在氢键分子中存在氢键Ion-Dipole Forces-Interaction between an ion(Na+)and a dipole(water).-Strongest of all intermolecular forcesHydrophobic Interactions-The tendency of nonpolar molecules to self-associate in water defined as hydrophobic effec
11、t.StraightflushJunkJohnshandDaveshand1878年,年,L.Boltzman提出了熵与微观状态数的关系提出了熵与微观状态数的关系S=k lnW W:thenumberofpossiblearrangementsinthesystem k:Boltzmanns constant-The driving force is increased solvent entropy.Weak Interactions Are Crucial to Macromolecular Structure and Function InteractionExampleEnergy离子
12、键离子键Na+Cl-400-4000 kJ/mol共价键共价键 H-H 150-1100 kJ/molion-dipole(I-D)Na+H2O 40-600 kJ/moldipole-dipole(D-D)HCl HCl 5-25 kJ/moldipole-induce dipole(D-ID)HCl O2 2-10 kJ/molLondon Dispersion(LD)N2 N2 0.05-40 kJ/mol H-Bond(10-40)kJ/molH-Bond(10-40)kJ/mol-Relative strengthStrongly repulsive at short internu
13、clear distances,very weak at long internuclear distances-Working Range-Very important in protein folding results in a great variety of protein shapes&sizes Properties of SolutionsColligative Properties1.lowering the Vapor Pressure2.Boiling-Point Elevation3.Freezing-Point Depression4.Osmosis Factors
14、Affecting SolubilityDynamic equilibriumFactors Affecting Solubility-The solution processSolvationHydration1.Solute-solute interactions2.Solvent-solvent interactions2.Solute-solvent interactions-Solution FormationEnergy ChangesSpontaneity and Disorder.Processes in which the energy content of the syst
15、em deceases tend to occur spontaneously.Processes in which the disorder of the system increases tend to occur spontaneously.NH4NO3H=26.4kJ/mol.Substances with similar intermolecular attractive forces tend to be soluble in one another.-“Like dissolves like”-CH2-CH2-C-OHO-CH-CH3CH3Colligative Properti
16、es.Differ from those of the pure solvent.Depend primarily on the concentration not the kind of solute particles“Depending on the collection”-The vapor pressure of a liquid is the pressure exerted by its vapor when the liquid and vapor states are in dynamic equilibrium.-A nonvolatile solute reduces t
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 分子 相互 作用力
1、咨信平台为文档C2C交易模式,即用户上传的文档直接被用户下载,收益归上传人(含作者)所有;本站仅是提供信息存储空间和展示预览,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对上载内容不做任何修改或编辑。所展示的作品文档包括内容和图片全部来源于网络用户和作者上传投稿,我们不确定上传用户享有完全著作权,根据《信息网络传播权保护条例》,如果侵犯了您的版权、权益或隐私,请联系我们,核实后会尽快下架及时删除,并可随时和客服了解处理情况,尊重保护知识产权我们共同努力。
2、文档的总页数、文档格式和文档大小以系统显示为准(内容中显示的页数不一定正确),网站客服只以系统显示的页数、文件格式、文档大小作为仲裁依据,平台无法对文档的真实性、完整性、权威性、准确性、专业性及其观点立场做任何保证或承诺,下载前须认真查看,确认无误后再购买,务必慎重购买;若有违法违纪将进行移交司法处理,若涉侵权平台将进行基本处罚并下架。
3、本站所有内容均由用户上传,付费前请自行鉴别,如您付费,意味着您已接受本站规则且自行承担风险,本站不进行额外附加服务,虚拟产品一经售出概不退款(未进行购买下载可退充值款),文档一经付费(服务费)、不意味着购买了该文档的版权,仅供个人/单位学习、研究之用,不得用于商业用途,未经授权,严禁复制、发行、汇编、翻译或者网络传播等,侵权必究。
4、如你看到网页展示的文档有www.zixin.com.cn水印,是因预览和防盗链等技术需要对页面进行转换压缩成图而已,我们并不对上传的文档进行任何编辑或修改,文档下载后都不会有水印标识(原文档上传前个别存留的除外),下载后原文更清晰;试题试卷类文档,如果标题没有明确说明有答案则都视为没有答案,请知晓;PPT和DOC文档可被视为“模板”,允许上传人保留章节、目录结构的情况下删减部份的内容;PDF文档不管是原文档转换或图片扫描而得,本站不作要求视为允许,下载前自行私信或留言给上传者【丰****】。
5、本文档所展示的图片、画像、字体、音乐的版权可能需版权方额外授权,请谨慎使用;网站提供的党政主题相关内容(国旗、国徽、党徽--等)目的在于配合国家政策宣传,仅限个人学习分享使用,禁止用于任何广告和商用目的。
6、文档遇到问题,请及时私信或留言给本站上传会员【丰****】,需本站解决可联系【 微信客服】、【 QQ客服】,若有其他问题请点击或扫码反馈【 服务填表】;文档侵犯商业秘密、侵犯著作权、侵犯人身权等,请点击“【 版权申诉】”(推荐),意见反馈和侵权处理邮箱:1219186828@qq.com;也可以拔打客服电话:4008-655-100;投诉/维权电话:4009-655-100。