初中定语从句基础讲解.pptx

初中定语从句基础讲解 什么是定语从句呢？什么是定语从句呢？修饰前面某一名词或代词的从句修饰前面某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。叫定语从句。结构：结构：先行词先行词+关系词关系词 +句子句子I love singers who write their own music.先行词先行词先行词先行词关系词关系词关系词关系词定语从句定语从句定语从句定语从句 The man who lives next to us is a policeman.先行词先行词_ 关系词关系词_ 定语从句定语从句关系词关系词关系代词关系代词:that,which,who,whom,whose关系副词关系副词:when,where,why人人(n.)+who/that+从句从句 物物(n.)+that/which+从句从句 关系代词的作用：关系代词的作用：a.做代词，代替先行词做代词，代替先行词 b.在从句中担任句子成分：主语或宾语在从句中担任句子成分：主语或宾语 c.做连词，把主句和从句连接起来做连词，把主句和从句连接起来I love singers who write their own music.关系代词关系代词:1.who指人指人,作主语或宾语作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）作宾语可省略）The man who I talked with is our teacher.A person who steals things is called a thief.2.whom指人指人,作宾语作宾语 (作宾语可省略作宾语可省略,如介词提如介词提前则不能省前则不能省)The man(whom/who)I nodded to is Mr.Li.The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li.3.which 指物，作主语或宾语指物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省作宾语可省 略略,如介词提前则不能省如介词提前则不能省)These are the trees which were planted last year.This recorder（which）he is using ismade in Japan.Is this the library(which)you borrow books from?Is this the library from which you borrowbooks?4.that 指人指人/物，作主语或宾语物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）作宾语可省略）A plane is a machine.It can fly.A plane is a machine that can fly.He is the man.I told you about him.He is the man(that)I told you about.I have an apple.An apple is red.I have an apple that is red.修饰先行词修饰先行词 an apple 主语主语主语主语关系词关系词that在定语从句中作主语时不能省掉。在定语从句中作主语时不能省掉。I have some friends.Some friends like sports.I have some friendswho like sports.修饰先行词修饰先行词 friends 主语主语主语主语/that关系词关系词who/that 在定语从句中作主语时不能省掉。在定语从句中作主语时不能省掉。关系词在定语从句中作主语时，关系词在定语从句中作主语时，谓语动谓语动词的单复数应与先行词保持一致。词的单复数应与先行词保持一致。I prefer shoes that are cool.I have a friend who plays sports.I like the music.I can dance to the music.I like the musicthat I can dance to.宾语宾语宾语宾语关系词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省掉。关系词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省掉。I like the girl.You are talking to the girl.I like the girl who(m)you are talking to.宾语宾语宾语宾语/that关系词关系词who/that在定语从句中作宾语时可以省掉。在定语从句中作宾语时可以省掉。归纳：that,即指人又指物，作主语或宾语。which,指物，作主语或宾语。who,whom指人,who作主语或宾语,whom作宾语。关系词在定语从句中作宾语时，可省去。1)Aplaneisamachine_canfly.2)Thecar_myuncleboughtlastweekwasstolen.3)Thestudents_dontstudyhardwillnotpasstheexam.4)Thewoman_yousawintheparkisourEnglishteacher.which/thatwhich/thatwho/thatwhom/that/who任务任务I.阅读下列句子，再用阅读下列句子，再用who/that 填空。填空。1.Ihaveabrother_likessoccer.2.Tomdoesntlikemovies_aretoolongandtooscary.3.Weprefergroups_playloudandenergeticsongs.4.Helikesfriends_oftenhelpeachother.who/thatthatthatwho/that任务II.请将下列题中的两个句子合并成一个句子。1Ilikemusic.Themusicisloudandexciting._.2.Shelovesmovies.Themoviesareromantic._.3.Tonylikesmusic.Hecandancetothemusic._.I like music that is loud and exciting.She loves movies that are romantic.Tony likes music that he can dance to.Matchthetwosentences1.Imreadingabook.ThebookisaboutBillGates._2.Heisateacher.TheteacherteachesusChinese._3.Idontliketheman.Heissmoking._4.Whereisthepicture?Youboughtitlastweek._Im reading a book that/which is about Bill Gates.He is a teacher who/that teaches us Chinese.I dont like the man who is smoking.Where is the picture that you bought last week?whose 作定语作定语,表示所属关系。表示所属关系。The boy is my classmate.The boys father is a policeman.The boy whose father is a policeman is my classmate.A child _ parents are dead is called an orphan(孤儿孤儿).A.who B.whose C.whos D.whichLook at the girl _name is Lucy.A.who B.that C.whos D.whose when在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词介词+关系代词（关系代词（whichwhich）”。Ill never forget the day Ill never forget the day whenwhen I joined the army I joined the armyon whichwhere在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词介词+关系代词（关系代词（whichwhich）”。This is the house This is the house wherewhere I lived two years ago.I lived two years ago.in which=关系副词关系副词why在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“介词介词for+for+关系代词（关系代词（whichwhich）”。Do you know the reason Do you know the reason whywhy she was late.she was late.for which=1.Istillremembertheday_wespentintheforest.2.Istillremembertheday_IfirstcametoBeijing.3.Illneverforgettheyear_Icametothisschool.4.Thefactory_wewillvisitislarge.5.Thefactory_hisfatherworksislarge.6.Thisisthehouse_welivedlastyear.7.Thisisthehouse_welivedinlastyear.that/whichwhen/onwhichthat/whichwhere/inwhichwhen/inwhichwhere/inwhich归纳归纳:关系副词关系副词when指时间指时间,关系副词关系副词where指地点指地点,在定语从句中作状语。即使先行词是时间地点在定语从句中作状语。即使先行词是时间地点,若若作从句中的宾语，只能用关系代词作从句中的宾语，只能用关系代词that,which.that/which