高优指导2021高三英语二轮复习专题能力训练十四阅读理解五.doc

专题能力训练十四　阅读理解(五)
A
(2014·郑州第一次质量预测)
There was great excitement on the planet of Venus(金星).Venusian scientists managed to land a satellite on the planet Earth,and it has been sending back signals as well as photographs ever since.
The satellite was directed into an area known as Manhattan,named after the great Venusian astronomer Professor Manhattan,who first discovered it with his telescope 20 000 light years ago.
Because of excellent weather conditions and extremely strong signals,Venusian scientists were able to get valuable information about the feasibility(可行性) of a manned flying saucer landing on Earth.A press conference was held at the Venus Institute of Technology.
“We have come to the conclusion,based on last week’s satellite landing,”Professor Zog said,“that there is no life on Earth.”
“How do you know this?”the science reporter of The Venus Evening Star asked.
“For one thing,Earth’s surface in the area of Manhattan is made up of solid concrete and nothing can grow there.For another,the atmosphere is filled with carbon monoxide(一氧化碳) and other deadly gases and nobody could possibly breathe this air and survive.”
“What does this mean as far as our flying saucer program is concerned?”
“We shall have to take our own oxygen with us,which means a much heavier flying saucer than we planned at first.”
“Are there any other dangers that you discovered in your studies?”
“Take a look at this photo.You see this dark black cloud hanging over the surface of Earth.We don’t know what it is made of,but it could give us a lot of trouble and we shall have to make further tests before we send a Venusian there.Over here you will notice what seems to be a river,but the satellite findings indicate it is polluted and the water is unfit to drink.This means we shall have to carry our own water,which will add even greater weight to the saucer.”
“If all you say is true,won’t this set back the flying saucer program several years?”
“Yes,but we shall continue as soon as the Grubstart gives us the added funds,”Professor Zog replied.
【语篇导读】金星上的科学家们成功地向地球发射了一颗卫星,通过分析传回的资料他们发现地球上不可能有生命存在,因为那里的大气层、河水等都污染严重。
1.According to the passage,the Venusian scientists succeeded in getting important information about 　　　. 
A.the feasibility of landing a satellite on Earth
B.the possibility of making a first-class flying saucer
C.the feasibility of sending a manned flying saucer to Earth
D.the possibility of directing a flying saucer into Manhattan
答案:C
解析:细节理解题。第三段说金星上的科学家们得到了关于载人飞碟登陆地球的可行性的宝贵资料,因此选C项。
2.Why will the Venusians have to take their own oxygen when carrying out their flying saucer program?
A.They need it on their way to the planet of Earth.
B.The Earth’s atmosphere is filled with deadly gases.
C.There is a low level of oxygen for the Venusians.
D.There is no air on the planet of Earth at all.
答案:B
解析:细节理解题。根据文章第六、七、八段的内容可知,金星科学家们发现地球表面漂浮着一层有毒气体,因此,金星人到达地球后必须携带可供呼吸的氧气,故选B项。
3.It can be inferred from the passage that 　　　. 
A.landing a manned flying saucer on Earth will be carried out soon
B.the Venusians will land on Earth to help to stop serious pollution
C.it’s unnecessary to land a manned flying saucer on Earth at present
D.pollution on Earth makes it impossible for the Venusians to survive there
答案:D
解析:推理判断题。通过分析从地球上传回的资料,金星上的科学家们发现地球上的大气和水都污染严重,要载人去勘测就必须自带氧气和水,由此可知应选D项。
4.Where can you probably read such a passage?

A.In a popular magazine. B.In a fairy tale.
C.In an observation journal. D.In science fiction.
答案:D
解析:文章出处题。从全文内容看,这篇文章最有可能摘自科幻小说,暗指地球污染的严重性。故选D项。

B
(2014·北京海淀第二学期期末)
Cooking Kills Four Million People a Year
Polluted airborne particles(大气悬浮颗粒) kill 7 million people a year,reports the World Health Organization.
That news may not come as a surprise to anyone who has seen images of chimneys in Beijing,Delhi or Mexico.But those factories—or even the jammed roadways of modern cities—are not the biggest killer.Each year,some 4.3 million people die earlier than they should because of polluted air inside their homes,says the WHO.
What’s causing the air inside people’s homes to be so poisonous that it kills around 11 000 people a day?Stoves.“Having an open fire in your kitchen is like burning 400 cigarettes an hour,”says Kirk Smith,a professor at the University of California at Berkeley,whose research suggests that household air pollution from cooking killed between 3.5 million and 4 million people in 2013.
Not all stoves cause this kind of harm.The ones Smith’s talking about are those that the 3 billion people in the developing world use for heat and cooking,which burn solid fuels such as wood,coal,or crop waste instead of gas.The smoke from those fires produces harmful fine particles and carbon monoxide into homes.Poor ventilation then prevents that smoke from escaping,raising fine particle levels 100 times higher than the limits that the WHO considers acceptable.
Breathing this air day in day out eventually causes a lot of diseases:more than a third of the 4.3 million die of a stroke,while a quarter die of heart disease.And around one-third of annual lung disease deaths worldwide are due to waste from coal stoves.
Exposure tends to be extremely harmful for the people who spend the most time around the fire—usually women and young children.In fact,the WHO reports that household air pollution almost doubles the risk for childhood lung disease.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。一项研究表明,在家庭中来自烹饪的空气污染的害处是非常惊人的,厨房做饭产生的烟已经成为致命的杀手,因此我们应该引起注意,并提防来自烹饪的家庭污染。
5.According to Kirk Smith’s research,　　　. 
A.factories are the biggest killer worldwide nowadays
B.burning 400 cigarettes an hour is extremely dangerous
C.household air pollution from cooking is surprising harmful
D.some 4.3 million people die earlier each year than they should
答案:C
解析:细节理解题。根据第三段第三句中 “Kirk Smith...whose research suggests that household air pollution from cooking killed between 3.5 million and 4 million people in 2013” 可知,柯克·史密斯的研究结果表明,在2013年家庭中烹饪造成的空气污染已致使三百五十万人到四百万人死亡,由此可知它的害处是非常惊人的。故选C项。
6.What should be the deadly killer in a household kitchen?
A.Solid fuels. B.Coal stoves.
C.Poor gas. D.Cooking smoke.
答案:D
解析:细节理解题。根据第四段第二、三句可知,在厨房中用固体燃料来取暖和做饭产生的烟是致命的杀手。故选D项。
7.The underlined word “ventilation” in Paragraph 4 probably means 　　　. 
A.airing B.cooking
C.burning D.cooling
答案:A
解析:词义猜测题。根据第四段画线词之后的 “prevents that smoke from escaping”,并结合选项可推知,此处指通风不良阻止了有害的烟雾排出室外,因此画线词的词义与airing相近,意为 “晾,晾晒,透风”。故选A项。
8.The author intends to tell people 　　　. 
A.how to avoid polluted air in their homes
B.to stop cooking in the household kitchen
C.to guard against household pollution from cooking
D.how to prevent childhood lung diseases in household
答案:C
解析:写作意图题。根据最后一段最后一句并结合上文内容可知,文章的主要目的是提醒我们提防家庭中来自烹饪的空气污染。故选C项。

C
(2014·陕西质量检测)

The current Toyota logo consists of three ovals(椭圆形):the two perpendicular(垂直的)ovals represent a relationship of trust between the customer and Toyota.These ovals combine to symbolize the letter “T”for Toyota.The space in the background implies a global expansion of Toyota’s technology and unlimited potential for the future.The first engine of Toyota Corporate was produced in 1934(The Type A).

The Hyundai Motor Company(HMC),formed in 1967,is a South Korean company manufacturing automobiles.Their automobiles are available in many countries around the globe.In 2003 it was South Korea’s largest car maker and the world’s seventh largest car maker.The Hyundai logo appears to be an H(symbolizing Hyundai).The oval shape indicates the company’s global expansion and the ‘H’ is symbolic of two people(specifically the company and customer) shaking hands.

The Rolls Royce logo consisting of the two Rs clearly stands for Rolls and Royce,the two founders of this car manufacturing company.
In 1884 Frederick Henry Royce started an electrical and mechanical business.He made his first car,a“Royce”,in his Manchester factory in 1904.He was introduced to Charles Stewart Rolls in a Manchester hotel on May 4 that year,and the pair agreed a deal where Royce would manufacture cars,to be sold by Rolls.A clause was added to the contract,saying the cars would be called “Rolls Royce”.

The Mercedes-Benz logo represents one of the most famous brands in the world.The Benz logo is a three-pointed star that represents its domination of the land,the sea,and the air.The famous three-pointed star was designed by Gottlieb Daimler to show the ability of his motors for land,air and sea usage.It was first seen on a Daimler in 1909,and was combined with the Benz laurel wreath(桂冠) in 1926 to symbolize the union of the two firms.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四款名车的商标含义及历史,它们分别是丰田、现代、劳斯莱斯和奔驰。
9.Which of the following companies was founded by a car maker and a car seller?
A.Toyota. B.Hyundai.
C.Rolls Royce. D.Mercedes-Benz.
答案:C
解析:细节理解题。从第三、四段对劳斯莱斯商标的介绍可知,这两个R代表两个人,一个是制造商,一个是销售商,故选C项。
10.The “H” in the Hyundai logo indicates 　　　. 
A.two people shaking hands
B.a global expansion of the company’s technology and potential
C.the company’s two founders
D.the ability of its motors for land,sea and air
答案:A
解析:细节理解题。从第二段最后一句可知,字符H象征的是两个人(公司和顾客)在握手,因此选A项。
11.From the text we know that 　　　. 
A.Royce met Rolls before 1904
B.the ovals in the logos mean the same
C.Hyundai is the world’s seventh largest car maker now
D.the Mercedes-Benz was a combination of two firms
答案:D
解析:细节理解题。根据文章的最后一句可知,奔驰是由两家公司联营的。
12.According to the text,　　　 has the longest history of the four car companies. 
A.Hyundai B.Toyota
C.Rolls Royce D.Mercedes-Benz
答案:C
解析:细节理解题。从这四款汽车的介绍看,劳斯莱斯的商标在1904年就有了,其历史最悠久,故选C项。

D
(2014·安徽马鞍山第一次质检)

We would like to wish all our readers a wonderful winter break.Our January magazine is now in the shops and available digitally.We’re looking forward to sharing more adventures and discoveries with you in 2014,including:
At a crossroads in the Atlantic
As the population of Ascension Island rises up to mark the 200th anniversary of British rule,Fred Pearce wonders what the future might have in store for this strange part of land.
Photostory:On the road again
A selection of images from an exhibition opening this month at the Royal Geographical Society go hand in hand with M. Aurel Stein’s early 20th century photographs of the Silk Road.
Dossier:Going underground
Mark Rowe discusses the role that carbon storage can play in the global effort to reduce carbon dioxide emission (排放).
Net loss
Kit Gillet reports from the Gulf of Thailand,whose fisheries (渔场) have been almost destroyed by the commercialization of the Thai fishing industry.
And don’t forget...
...a round-up of the latest geographical and climate science news;a hot spot focus on Turkey;advice on taking photographs in Antarctica;an interview with Lucien Castaing-Taylor,professor of visual arts at Harvard;plus lots,lots more...
Buy your copy now,click here and save up to 35% or call+44 (0)1635 588 496.Geographical is also available in WHSmith and many independent news agents.
13.Who took photos of the Silk Road?
A.M. Aurel Stein. B.Fred Pearce.
C.Mark Rowe. D.Lucien Castaing-Taylor.
答案:A
解析:细节理解题。根据Photostory:On the road again部分的叙述可知,拍摄丝绸之路的人应该是M. Aurel Stein,故A项为正确答案。
14.If you want to read something about global warming,you can read 　　　. 
A.At a crossroads in the Atlantic
B.Photostory:On the road again
C.Dossier:Going underground
D.Net loss
答案:C
解析:细节理解题。根据Dossier:Going underground部分的叙述可知,Mark Rowe讨论“碳储存”在减少二氧化碳排放的全球努力中所起的作用,故C项为正确答案。
15.Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A.Ascension Island has a bright future with more population.
B.Commercialization contributes to the loss of fishery in Thai.
C.The January edition of 2014 is to come out in the winter break.
D.The topics of this magazine focus on geography and interviews.
答案:B
解析:推理判断题。根据Net loss部分的叙述可知,泰国的渔场几乎被其渔业的商业化给完全破坏了,由此可得出B项为正确答案。
16.The passage is written to 　　　. 
A.share adventures and discoveries
B.give advice on taking photos
C.attract readers to buy the magazine
D.introduce the content of the magazine
答案:C
解析:写作意图题。由文章最后部分的叙述可知,这是一则广告,写作目的是吸引读者购买这本杂志。故C项为正确答案。

E
Conflicts around the world are keeping tens of millions of young people from going to school.Many have physical or emotional injuries that make it hard or even impossible for them to learn.
In those thirty-five countries which are affected by conflicts,we find twenty-eight million children out of school.In some countries,it’s just that schools are not even accessible in conflict areas.The teachers aren’t there.The schools are sometimes even attacked.
The Geneva Conventions ban the attack on public places like schools and hospitals.In some cases,schools are attacked because they represent the government.In other cases,schools are targeted for religious or political reasons.For example,in Afghanistan,for example,some army groups do no like girls to go to school,so this might be a reason for their direct attack on girls’ schools.
Under international law,refugees(难民) are the only homeless people who are promised to have the right of education.But that promise often means little.Schools in refugee camps often have limited money for teachers and supplies.
In the Dadaab camps in northern Kenya last year,there were more than two hundred fifty thousand refugees from Somalia.Half of the children there would have no right to have school.And the conditions were getting worse.
What if conflict states in sub-Saharan Africa moved just ten percent of their military(军事的) spending to education? UNESCO says they could educate more than one-fourth of their out-of-school population.And in Pakistan,it says twenty percent of the military budget could provide basic education for all children.But one country has been a real success story.For years,Botswana has used its wealth from diamond exports to support nationwide basic education and to create a skills base for its growing economy.
17.Which of the following countries does not have conflicts?
A.Pakistan. B.Kenya.
C.Somalia. D.Afghanistan.
答案:B
解析:细节理解题。文章中提及Afghanistan、Kenya、Somalia、Pakistan、Botswana等五个国家。在所给的四个选项中,根据文章提示可知,Kenya北部居住着来自索马里的难民,文章没有提及Kenya国内有战乱的情况,因此B项正确。
18.What can we infer from the passage?
A.The refugees can’t get their education under international law.
B.Many countries were going to move the money on war to education.
C.Governments often use schools to fight against army groups.
D.Botswana has set an example of education by using its military budget.
答案:A
解析:推理判断题。文章第四段引述了国际法律对于难民受教育权利的保护情况时说“But that promise often means little.”,也就是说,难民是享受不到国际法律赋予他们的受教育权利的。
19.What is the author’s attitude toward education in conflict-hit countries?
A.Excited. B.Concerned.
C.Puzzled. D.Amazed.
答案:B
解析:作者态度题。文章介绍了战乱国家对儿童的影响,突出了战乱对当地年轻人接受教育的影响,文章最后还提出了解决教育经费问题的建议。由此推断,作者是关心和担忧这些国家的教育问题的。故选B项。
20.What does the underlined word “targeted” mean in the third paragraph?
A.Blamed. B.Admired.
C.Attacked. D.Protected.
答案:C
解析:词义猜测题。根据语境分析,前文的attack与target同义,故target意为“袭击,以……为目标”,因此选C项。

7