2022高考英语一轮复习Unit4Earthquakes课时作业新人教版必修1.doc

　Unit 4　Earthquakes
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
[2022·青岛市质量检测]Recently whenever I turned on my computer or my mobile phone, news about the great effect of Hurricane Harvey on thousands of people caught my eye. I saw many unfortunate events. However, there were also the bright news that confirmed the goodness of mankind. As a journalist, I wrote many human－interest stories during my career. That's why the story about the guys in the bakery caught my eye.
When the staff at a Mexican bakery chain in Houston were trapped inside the building for two days, they didn't sit there feeling sorry for themselves. They used their time wisely after flooding caused by Hurricane Harvey. While they were waiting for the eventual rescue that came on Monday morning, four decided to make as many loaves of bread as possible for their community.
The flood water rose in the street outside. They took advantage of their emergency power supply to bake bread. They used more than 4,200 pounds of flour to create hundreds of loaves and sheets of sweet bread. Although the water kept rising, they continued baking to help more people. By the time the owner managed to get to them, they had made so much bread that they took the loaves to loads of emergency centers across the city for people affected by the floods.
The store manager, Brian Alvarado, told The Independent, “Whenever a disaster occurs, nobody should just feel forlorn. Instead, we should take positive action to save ourselves and help others. Our acts of kindness will make a big difference.〞
1．What did the bakery store workers do after flooding caused by Hurricane Harvey?
A．They volunteered to make bread for their community.
B．They managed to live by selling more bread in the store.
C．They felt sorry that they couldn't escape from the store.
D．They ate nothing but to wait for their community to rescue them.
2．Which of the following best explains “forlorn〞 underlined in the last paragraph?
A．Fortunate. B．Hopeful.
C．Shallow. D．Desperate.
3．What can we infer from the text?
A．Alvarado organized his workers to bake much bread.
B．Hurricane Harvey caused a power failure in Houston.
C．The staff in the bakery sent enough flour to emergency centers.
D．The author preferred to write stories about people facing disasters.
4．What can be the best title for the text?
A．A Popular Mexican Bakery Chain in Houston
B．Wait for the Eventual Rescue in a Big Disaster
C．All Kinds of Disasters Caused by Hurricane Harvey in Houston
D．Bake Bread to Make a Difference in the Face of Hurricane Harvey
B
[2022·兰州高三诊断考试]For those of us who attempt to keep up with the fashion world to ensure our cupboards stay fresh, the real skeletons in our cupboards are those pieces we bought and only wore once or twice — mostly from following each season's new trends.
With fast fashion brands like Forever 21, H&M and Zara's constant output of new trendy clothing at low prices, it's easy to fall into the trap of buying clothes regardless of whether you really need them. But unnecessary purchasing, and the mass production of clothing, aren't just hard on our wallets — they are hard on the environment.
One of the first steps in getting unwanted clothes out of your cupboard is to sell or consign (寄送) them. But because popular resale shops like Buffalo Exchange and Crossroads don't accept fast fashion brands because they don't profit enough from them, people often turn to throwing their old clothing in the dustbins.
Many consumers don't realize that clothing and textiles(纺织品) are recyclable or how to recycle them. According to the Environmental Protection Agency, the United States generated 16.22 million tons of waste textiles in 2022 and recycled only 2.62 million tons. Ten and a half million tons of textiles were finally buried under the ground that year.
Vetements, a Parisian fashion brand worn by celebrities like Kanye West and Rihanna, aimed to bring awareness to the problem of fast fashion brands and clothing waste with a recent window display at Saks Fifth Avenue in New York. The window contained a giant pile of clothes. The pile, which grew daily, was made up of old clothes donated by Saks employees and out－of－season items from the store.
On Aug. 10, the clothing from the display was donated to RewearAble, a Long Island recycling program that collects old clothes and textiles, and prepares them for resale or repurposes the textiles.
5．What keeps customers coming back to fast fashion brands like Forever 21, H&M and Zara?
A．Good shopping environment.
B．Discounts and promotional activities.
C．Warm and thoughtful service of the salesmen.
D．Low prices and a continuous supply of new looks.
6．Where can you find the data that best supports “fast fashion is hard on the environment\〞？
A．In Paragraph 2. B．In Paragraph 3.
C．In Paragraph 4. D．In Paragraph 5.
7．What can be learned about the window display created by Vetements?
A．It can help the environment.
B．It does good to people's health.
C．It can help change people's lives.
D．It will take the lead in the latest fashion.
8．What is the best title for the text?
A．How to Stop Buying Unnecessary Clothes
B．Fast Fashion Brands Spread Around the World
C．The Advantages and Disadvantages of Fast Fashion
D．Fast Fashion Can Kill Your Wallet and the Environment
Ⅱ.完形填空
[2022·石家庄市重点高中高三毕业班摸底考试]When our restaurant business failed, we headed north in a camping truck to Texas, hoping to have a “fresh start〞．
At the __1__ of Palo Duro Canyon (峡谷) State Park, I __2__ a job advertisement hiring park hosts. The position offered a __3__ permanent campsite in the park and __4__， the hosts served as a link between the park's guests and the rangers (护林人). It was the perfect solution: a rent－free place to reorganize our lives. We entered the park and I made an __5__ for the following day.
The park was __6__， so it took us some time to find an available site. That evening, as we finished our dinner, my wife saw two large skunks(臭鼬) walking toward our table. We __7__ climbed onto the table and, for the next four hours，waited for them to __8__ our camp.
Having survived that night, we were __9__ that everything else would be all right. The next day we met with the people who ran the park. They explained our __10__ and gave us a beautiful campsite.
That evening, __11__， we learned about the canyon __12__. They were strong and cold, rocking our little camping truck violently, and we lay __13__ in the dark until the winds died away.
__14__ the weeks that followed, we learned to survive in our truck. And we managed to __15__ the little money my wife __16__ by substitute teaching. Building a successful business and then losing it had left very little time for building a successful __17__. For a time after our business __18__ I thought I might lose my family as well.
Living in the tiny __19__ with no television, we sat close together reading and talking. One evening, standing under a jeweled sky, I found myself __20__ for all the hardships. We had walked the trails and climbed the canyon walls. We had become a family!
1．A.back B．edge
C．centre D．entrance
2．A.sponsored B．published
C．noticed D．answered
3．A.safe B．free
C．convenient D．beautiful
4．A.in return B．in time
C．in short D．in turn
5．A.attempt B．agreement
C．appeal D．appointment
6．A.crowded B．dangerous
C．ideal D．quiet
7．A.repeatedly B．immediately
C．eventually D．calmly
8．A.attack B．leave
C．pass D．search
9．A.satisfied B．determined
C．confident D．aware
10．A.responsibilities B．requirements
C．circumstances D．conditions
11．A.moreover B．therefore
C．meanwhile D．however
12．A.winds B．snows
C．woods D．trails
13．A.shaking B．quarrelling
C．mourning D．aching
14．A.After B．Between
C．During D．Beyond
15．A.give away B．hand out
C．live on D．put aside
16．A.borrowed B．earned
C．posted D．raised
17．A.business B．career
C．family D．image
18．A.started B．failed
C．expanded D．declined
19．A.truck B．park
C．house D．camp
20．A.desperate B．ready
C．suitable D．thankful
Ⅲ.短文改错
[2022·济南高三模拟]
Dear Mr. Brown，
We have learned that you were going back to America for the summer vacation. To express our thank for your excellent teaching in our school, we have decided have a party for you. The party which will start at 6：30 on Friday evening in the lecture hall. It will possible last an hour. To start with, our monitor will give a speech on behalf of a whole class. Then we would like to invite you to join us and singing some English songs. In the end of the party, we will present you with some gifts and cards, mostly making by ourselves. I believe you will have a good time together.
Looking forward to your coming.
Yours sincerely，
Frank
课时作业(四)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
体裁：记叙文　题材：人物故事　主题：面对灾难，采取积极的行动来拯救自己和帮助别人
【语篇解读】　本文主要讲述了一家连锁面包店的员工们在面对哈维飓风带来的洪水、断电时，在等待救援的同时采取积极的行动，利用应急电源烤面包去帮助社区受洪水影响的居民。
1．A　考查细节理解。根据文章第二段的最后一句“While they were waiting for the eventual rescue that came on Monday morning，four decided to make as many loaves of bread as possible for their community.〞可知，当这家面包房的员工们在等待周一上午的最终救援时，四人决定为他们的社区制作尽可能多的面包，应选A项。
2．D　考查词义猜想。根据最后一段中的“Instead, we should take positive action to save ourselves and help others.\〞可知，相反，我们应该采取积极的行动来拯救自己和帮助他人。由Instead可知，forlorn的语义与positive的意思相反，故forlorn与desperate(绝望的)意思相近，应选D项。
3．B　考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“They took advantage of their emergency power supply to bake bread.〞可知，他们利用应急电源烤面包。由此可推知，哈维飓风造成休斯敦停电，应选B项。
4．D　考查主旨大意。根据文章第二、三段的内容和最后一段中的“Our acts of kindness will make a big difference.〞可知，D项(在面对哈维飓风时，烤面包起了很大作用)作为标题最能概括全文内容，应选D项。
B
体裁：说明文　题材：社会生活　主题：废旧衣物
【语篇解读】　文章主要讲述了快时尚品牌加剧了衣物的淘汰，而大量的废旧衣物对环境造成了很大影响，然而一些废旧衣物可以重新被利用或出售。
【熟词生义】　profit n．利润
例句：The shop's daily profit is usually around $500.这家商店每天的利润一般在500美元左右。
本句义：v.获益
例句：Farmers are profiting from the new legislation.新法规使农民受益。
【难句分析】　For those of us who attempt to keep up with the fashion world to ensure our cupboards stay fresh, the real skeletons in our cupboards are those pieces we bought and only wore once or twice — mostly from following each season's new trends.
分析：该句为主从复合句。句中“who attempt to... stay fresh〞为who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词“those of us〞，who在从句中作主语；“we bought and only wore once or twice〞为省略了that的定语从句。
译文：对于我们中那些试图跟上时尚潮流，以确保我们的衣柜保持亮丽的人来说，衣柜里真正的框架是那些我们买来只穿过一两次的衣服——大多是追随每一季的新潮流。
5．D　考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“With fast fashion brands like Forever 21, H&M and Zara's constant output of new trendy clothing at low prices〞可知，这些品牌持续吸引顾客的是不断翻新的把戏，以及低廉的价格，应选D。
6．C　考查细节理解。根据第四段第二句中的“the United States generated 16.22 million tons of waste textiles in 2022 and recycled only 2.62 million tons〞可知，该段用数据证明了废旧的衣物给环境造成的影响，而正是快时尚品牌加剧了衣物的淘汰，应选C。
7．A　考查推理判断。根据第六段中的“the clothing from the display was donated to RewearAble, a Long Island recycling program that collects old clothes and textiles\〞可知，Vetements将展示的旧衣物捐赠了出去，从而可以让衣物重新出售，或者将纺织品重新利用。由此可推知，这样做可以保护环境，应选A。
8．D　考查主旨大意。文章第一至四段讲述了追随潮流而购置的衣物，变成旧衣物之后，不但浪费钱，而且还会给环境带来危害；文章第五、六段列举了Vetements的例子，说明旧衣物可以重新被利用起来，从而减少对环境的危害。由此可推知，D项符合题意。
Ⅱ.完形填空
体裁：记叙文　主题语境：人与自我——个人经历——发现生活的真谛
【语篇解读】　餐馆生意失败后作者和妻子一起去了得克萨斯州。作者在帕罗杜洛峡谷州立公园的入口处，看到了招聘公园管理人员的广告。作者因为这个岗位能提供免费的野营地而去参加应聘。然后他与妻子一起在野营卡车里过了几周的艰苦生活，但是这样的生活使作者能够和妻子紧靠在一起阅读和交谈。最终，作者不仅对所经历的磨难充满感谢，而且回归了家庭，并最终爱上峡谷公园的一切。
1．D　招聘广告一般都贴在入口处。edge“边缘〞；entrance“入口〞。
2．C　作者注意到一那么招聘公园管理人员的广告。sponsor“赞助〞；publish“出版〞。
3．B　根据下文中的“a rent－free place〞可知，这个岗位提供一个免费的、永久性的营地。
4．A　根据空前表述这个岗位提供永久性的营地和空后的这个岗位的职责并结合选项可知，此处应是作为回报，这些被招聘来的管理人员在公园游客和护林人员之间起联系作用。in return“作为回报〞；in time“及时〞；in short“总而言之〞；in turn“轮流；转而〞。
5．D　根据第10空前一句“The next day we met with the people who ran the park〞可知，此处是作者与招聘人员约好第二天见面。agreement“同意；协议〞；appeal“呼吁；吸引力〞；appointment“预约；约会；约定〞。
6．A　根据空后的“so it took us some time to find an available site\〞可知，作者花了一些时间才找到可用的位置，故可反推出：公园是十分拥挤的。crowded“拥挤的〞；ideal“理想的〞。
7．B　根据语境可知，看到两只臭鼬爬过来，作者和妻子立即爬到桌子上。repeatedly“反复地〞。
8．B　根据该句中的“waited for them〞和语境可知，此处表示作者和妻子等着臭鼬离开。
9．C　根据空处前后的内容可知，那一夜他们有惊无险地度过了，所以此处作者很自信其他一切都会好起来的。satisfied“满意的〞；determined“有决心的〞；aware“知道的，意识到的〞。
10．A　根据空前一句可知，作者与招聘人员见了面，招聘人员肯定要向作者说明作者他们的工作职责。requirement“要求〞；circumstance“情况，情形〞。
11．D　根据第13空后的“winds〞可知，此处表达的是，那天夜里他们遭遇了峡谷狂风。与上文他们自信地认为一切都会好起来形成转折，故用however“但是，然而〞。moreover“此外，而且〞。
12．A　参见上题解析。
13．A　根据空前一句“They were strong and cold, rocking our little camping truck violently〞可知，狂风摇动着野营车，作者和妻子也随之摇动直到狂风渐息。shake“摇动〞；quarrel“争吵〞；mourn“哀悼；忧伤〞；ache“疼痛〞。
14．C　根据语境可知，在接下来的几周时间里，作者和妻子学会了在卡车中生存并设法依靠妻子临时代课挣来的少量的钱生活。
15．C　参见上题解析。give away“赠送；泄露〞；hand out“分发〞；live on“依靠……生活〞；put aside“无视；储存〞。
16．B　参见第14题解析。post“邮寄；张贴〞；raise“举起；筹集〞。
17．C　根据下文中的“I might lose my family as well〞可知，此处表达的是开了一个成功的店，然后又失去了它，(这一过程)使得作者很少有时间建立一个成功的家庭，应选C。
18．B　根据第一段第一句中的“When our restaurant business failed〞可知，此处是生意失败后的一段时间内，作者认为自己连家也可能失去。fail“失败〞；expand“扩大〞；decline“下降；拒绝〞。
19．A　根据上文中的“survive in our truck〞可知，此处表示作者夫妻俩生活在无电视的狭小的野营车内。
20．D　根据本段最后一句“We had become a family〞和空前的“a jeweled sky〞可知，此处应是作者对过去的磨难充满了感谢。desperate“绝望的〞；suitable“适合的〞；thankful“感谢的〞。
Ⅲ.短文改错
Dear Mr. Brown，
We have learned that you wer going back to America for the summer vacation. To express our than for your excellent teaching in our school, we have decided have a party for you. The party will start at 6：30 on Friday evening in the lecture hall. It will possibl last an hour. To start with, our monitor will give a speech on behalf of whole class. Then we would like to invite you to join us and singin some English songs. I the end of the party, we will present you with some gifts and cards, mostly makin by ourselves. I believe yo will have a good time together.
Looking forward to your coming.
Yours sincerely，
Frank
①were改为are。考查动词的时态。根据主从句时态一致的原那么，并结合语境可知，对方回美国是将来要发生的事情，故用are，be going back to...表示“将要回到……〞。
②thank改为thanks。考查词形转换。根据前面的“our〞并结合语境可知，此处应用名词thanks“谢意〞，此时thanks多用复数形式。
③decided后加to。考查固定搭配。decide to do sth.意为“决定做某事〞，是固定搭配。
④删除which。考查关系词。分析句子结构可知，本句是一个简单句，不是一个主从复合句，句中的“will start〞作谓语，which多余，故删除。
⑤possible改为possibly。考查副词。分析句子结构可知，本句中的last是动词，表示“持续〞，故用副词possibly修饰动词last，在句子中作状语。
⑥a改为the/our。考查限定词。此处表示代表整个班级/我们整个班级，故用定冠词the或形容词性物主代词our修饰。
⑦singing改为sing。考查动词。根据“and〞可知，此处和前面的“join〞并列，应用动词原形。
⑧In改为At。考查介词。at the end of..意为“在……结束时〞，符合语境；in the end意为“最后〞，单独使用，后不跟介词of。
⑨making改为made。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，动词make和其逻辑主语“some gifts and cards〞构成动宾关系，且和介词“by〞照应，故用过去分词作后置定语。
⑩you改为we。考查代词。根据句中的“together〞和语境可知，此处表示“我们〞，故把you改为we。
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