2023版高考英语二轮复习专项技能保分练六词义猜测题.doc

专项技能保分练(六)　词义猜想题
A
[2023·河南省五校联考]I was getting ready to go to bed when the phone rang. This could not be good. My mind raced through the list of family members who might need help, but the voice was hardly familiar.
“Lindy, this is Lesley.〞 I didn't know Lesley well. We did occasionally speak with each other, but to say we were friends was not appropriate. I asked what she needed. Perhaps something really awful caused her to reach someone she barely knew. Instead, she asked me, “Do you have room for a turkey? In your freezer？〞 We_had_lots_of_room_in_our_freezer,_and_in_fact,_too_much. “Sure，〞 I responded, “did your freezer break down？〞 “Not exactly，〞 Lesley replied, “but I will explain when I arrive.〞
Minutes later came a huge freezer truck. Lesley stepped down and explained the lease (租约) of the grocery store her husband serviced had run out and that they had to empty all the freezers that very night. Thinking it was a shame to throw away all this good food, they decided to drop off food to anyone she could think of. Noticing our freezer was pretty empty, Lesley asked to fill it up. Our home was their last stop and anything left would have to be put in our freezer. An hour later, everything finished, I asked her, “When will you come back for all this？〞Lesley laughed, “We don't want it back. It is yours! Thanks for helping us out！〞 Then they waved goodbye and drove away.
“For helping them out？〞 We opened our freezer door. Inside were all expensive foods we never bought but often longed to try. We were struggling to buy groceries, yet it was not something we shared with anyone. However, our needs were met in an unexpected way, by that call.“Do you have room for a turkey？〞
体裁：记叙文　题材：个人经历　主题：“求助〞变“受助〞
【语篇解读】　本文为记叙文，讲述了作者一家在困难时期意外收到一位只有点头之交的人的“求助〞，实际上却得到对方帮助的故事。
【难句分析】　Lesley stepped down and explained the lease (租约) of the grocery store her husband serviced had run out and that they had to empty all the freezers that very night.
分析：the lease (租约) of the grocery store her husband serviced had run out和that they had to empty all the freezers that very night为并列的宾语从句，作explained的宾语，第一个宾语从句省略了that，第二个宾语从句中的that不可以省略。her husband serviced为省略了that/which的定语从句，修饰先行词the grocery store。
译文：Lesley走了下来，解释说她丈夫就职的杂货店的租约到期，他们必须在那天晚上清空所有的冰柜。
1．How did the writer feel when she heard the phone ringing?
A．Angry. B．Anxious.
C．Shocked. D．Relieved.
答案与解析：B　考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“This could not be good. My mind raced through the list of family members who might need help〞可知，作者刚听到 铃响时认为不会有好事发生，猜想是哪个家人需要帮助，因此作者应是担忧的(anxious)。
2．What does the author indicate by the underlined sentence in paragraph 2?
A．They were running out of food supplies.
B．Their freezer was too large to fill.
C．They were glad to put the turkey in the freezer.
D．Their freezer was less frequently used.
答案与解析：A　考查句意理解。画线句表示“我们冰箱的空间很多，事实上，是太多了〞；最后一段中的“Inside were all expensive foods we never bought but often longed to try〞暗示，作者真正想要表达的是他们生活困难，贮存的食物快吃完了，因此她家冰箱有太多的空间，故A项正确。
3．Why did Lesley call up the writer?
A．Because she didn't want food to go to waste.
B．Because the writer was her good friend.
C．Because something awful had happened.
D．Because she knew the writer was in need.
答案与解析：A　考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Thinking it was a shame to throw away all this good food, they decided to drop off food to anyone she could think of〞可知，Lesley不想把这么好的食物扔掉，所以决定把食物送给她能想起的任何人，包括作者，故A项正确。
4．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．A friend on Speaking Terms
B．Who is My Angel?
C．Unexpected Bargains
D．Do You Have Room for A Turkey?
答案与解析：D　考查标题判断。文章主要讲述了作者一家在困难时期收到Lesley的“求助〞 ，询问其冰柜是否有空间存放火鸡，结果却得到Lesley的帮助的故事。结合文章前后均提到“Do you have room for a turkey〞可知，D项正确。
B
[2023·成都第一次诊断]Young trees don't just grow; they develop a personality and learn more about their environment and how they should best behave in it. They also help each other out whenever there's trouble.
Personality, just as among people, varies among trees. Some are anxious, some bold. On the author's land, there are three oak trees growing close together. One of the oak trees always starts to shed its leaves two weeks earlier than the others. Since they all experience the same temperature, the same soil and the same length of day, such variables can't be the explanation. So what's happening? Well, this tree is simply more careful than the others. Whoever holds on to their leaves longer can do more photosynthesis (光合作用) and store more nutrients. However, the longer a tree keeps its leaves, the higher the risk of injury.
Not only do trees make their own decisions, they also learn from their mistakes. A tree, for example, keeping its leaves too long during one year will never make this mistake again. This leads to several other conclusions: trees must notice the temperature and the length of the day and be able to save their experiences somewhere. Obviously, trees don't have brains, but it is thought that in the sensitive tips of their roots they keep track of information and experiences.
But trees aren't only clever when it comes to caring for themselves. They also support each other whenever there's trouble by giving warnings and even taking care of sick and weak conspecifics with nutrients. For example, one time the author found a very old tree stump. Its insides had rotted a long time ago to topsoil. But the wood on the outside of the stump was still living. How was this possible? Well, the stump was nourished by its neighbors with nutrients from the root system, and had been for at least 400 years !
Why do trees do_such_a_thing? It's simple: it's better together. Trees need the forest; it protects them from storms, provides the right microclimate and warns them of attacks.
体裁：说明文　题材：自然　主题：树的智慧
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了树的智慧：每棵树都有它不同的个性，遇到困难时它们也会互相帮助。研究发现，树不但能自己做决定，还能从自己的错误中吸取教训。
【难句分析】　Not only do trees make their own decisions, they also learn from their mistakes.
分析：该句使用了倒装语序，not only置于句首，助动词do移至主语trees之前构成局部倒装结构。
译文：树木不仅能自己做决定，它们还能从自己的错误中吸取教训。
5．Why does the author mention the three oak trees?
A．To illustrate trees can learn from experiences.
B．To show trees can make independent decisions.
C．To explain trees are quite supportive to each other.
D．To prove trees have the same personalities as humans.
答案与解析：B　考查推理判断。根据第二段第四句“One of the oak trees always starts to shed its leaves two weeks earlier than the others〞可知，三棵橡树中，有一棵总比其他两棵先落叶；结合第三段第一句“Not only do trees make their own decisions, they also learn from their mistakes〞可知，树木能自己做决定。据此可推知，作者提及三棵橡树旨在说明树木可以自己做决定，故B项正确。
6．According to the text, which of the following best describes general features of trees?
A．Anxious and bold.
B．Smart and adventurous.
C．Helpful and well­behaved.
D．Adaptable and supportive.
答案与解析：D　考查推理判断。根据第三段第一句“Not only do trees make their own decisions, they also learn from their mistakes〞，并结合第三段内容可知，树木不仅能自己做决定，还能从自己的错误中吸取教训。据此可推知，树木适应能力强；根据第四段第一、二句“But trees aren't only clever when it comes to caring for themselves. They also support each other whenever there's trouble by giving warnings and even taking care of sick and weak conspecifics with nutrients〞可知，树木不仅善于照顾自己，当遇到困难时，它们会发出警告，相互支持，甚至照顾生病、虚弱的同类。据此可推知，树木之间互帮互助，故D项正确。
7．What does the underlined phrase “do such a thing〞 mean?
A．Give warnings. B．Offer assistance.
C．Depend on others. D．Provide nutrients.
答案与解析：B　考查词义猜想。根据第四段尾句“Well, the stump was nourished by its neighbors with nutrients from the root system, and had been for at least 400 years ！〞可知，树桩是由它的邻居从根处给予营养来滋养的；结合第五段第一句“Why do trees do such a thing？〞和第五段的内容可知，该处表示“为什么树木要互相帮助？〞，故画线短语是指提供帮助，故B项正确。
8．Where does this text most probably come from?
A．A public lecture. B．A science book.
C．An experiment report. D．A travel journal.
答案与解析：B　考查文章出处。通读全文可知，本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了树的智慧：每棵树都有它不同的个性，遇到困难时它们也会互相帮助；研究发现，树不但能自己做决定，还能从自己的错误中吸取教训。据此可推知，本文最可能选自科学书籍，故B项正确。
C
[2023·海南五校一模]Engineers have put a huge garbage collector to gather plastic material in the Pacific Ocean between California and Hawaii, the world's largest spread of garbage, twice the size of the state of Texas.
The Ocean Cleanup organization created the collector. The group's founder, Boyan Slat, an inventor born in 1994, was just 16 when he was moved to clean up the oceans when he was on a dive and saw more plastic bags than fish.
Last Saturday, a ship pulling the pipe­shaped floating barrier left San Francisco. Attached to it is a screening skirt that hangs three meters down in the water. The screen is designed to collect the plastic as it moves through the water. Sea animals can safely swim under the barrier.
The cleanup system also comes with lights powered by the sun, cameras, and other special devices (设备), so the system can communicate its position at all times. That way a support ship can find it every few months to remove the plastic that has been collected.
Shipping containers will hold all the plastic gathered, including bottles and fishing equipment and are expected to be back on land within a year. Then the plastic will be recycled. The free­floating barriers are made to survive extreme weather conditions and damage from continual use. They will stay in the water for twenty years, thus collecting 90% of the garbage in the area.
The Ocean Cleanup has received $35 million in donations to pay for the project, hoping to put 60 free­floating barriers in the Pacific Ocean by 2023. “It's important to turn off the taps on plastic entering the ocean, but I also think people can do more than one thing at a time to deal with this problem，〞 Slat said.
【语篇解读】　这是一篇说明文，介绍了在美国加州和夏威夷之间的太平洋海域运行的海洋垃圾收集器。
【难句分析】　The group's founder, Boyan Slat, an inventor born in 1994, was just 16 when he was moved to clean up the oceans when he was on a dive and saw more plastic bags than fish.
分析：这是一个主从复合句，When he was moved to... oceans为时间状语从句，when he was on a dive... fish为从句中的时间状语从句。
译文：该组织的创立者叫Boyan Slat，是一位出生于1994年的创造家，他16岁那年，在一次潜水中，看到水中的塑料袋比鱼还多，于是不由得想去清理海洋。
【熟词生义】　spread常用义：v.& n．传播；蔓延　本句义：n.涉及区域
例句：The company has a good geographical spread of hotels in this country.该公司在这个国家开设的饭店地理分布相当广。
move常用义：v.移动；搬家；使感动　本句义：v.促使
例句：She felt moved to address the crowd.她不由得想给大家讲一番话。
skirt常用义：n.裙子　本句义：n.挡板
例句：There is the rubber skirt around the bottom of a hovercraft.气垫船底部的四周是橡胶挡板。
9．What drove Slat to invent the collector?
A．The interest in invention.
B．His failure to dive due to rubbish.
C．The sight of too many plastic bags.
D．His knowledge of garbage in the Pacific Ocean.
答案与解析：C　考查细节理解。根据题干的“创造这个垃圾收集器〞，我们把答案定位在第二段。该段说“The group's founder, Boyan Slat... when he was on a dive and saw more plastic bags than fish〞，由此可知，当年16岁的Slat在海里潜水的时候，发现水里的塑料袋比鱼还多，这促使他决定清洁海洋，因此选C。
10．How does the floating barrier work?
A．It reaches into the water to collect the plastic.
B．It has large containers to produce power.
C．It forms barriers to protect sea animals.
D．A ship drags it along in the ocean.
答案与解析：A　考查细节理解。第三段说“Attached to it is a screening skirt that hangs three meters down in the water... through the water〞，这种垃圾收集器的下面局部是一个屏障，能够延伸到水下三米的地方，并且在水中移动的同时收集塑料，因此选A。
11．Which does the underlined word “it〞 in paragraph 4 refer to?
A．The support ship.
B．The floating barrier.
C．The plastic to be recycled.
D．The position of special devices.
答案与解析：B　考查代词指代。从画线词所在的语境看，这里的it指前面提到的清洁系统，也就是悬浮屏障，因此选B。
12．What is important for protecting the ocean according to Slat?
A．Sending more collectors into the ocean.
B．Inventing more ocean cleanup devices.
C．Stopping plastic from entering the ocean.
D．Banning the use of plastic bags in boats.
答案与解析：C　考查推理判断。最后一段提到Slat说的话“It's important to turn off the taps on plastic entering the ocean, but I also think people can do more than one thing at a time to deal with this problem〞，即他认为重要的是关掉塑料进入海洋的龙头，由此推断他认为关键是不让塑料进入海洋。
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