2022高考英语一轮复习Unit1Womenofachievement课时作业新人教版必修4.doc

Unit 1　Women of achievement
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
[2022·惠州市高三调研]Life on the street is a constant struggle for homeless people. In times of extreme weather conditions, that struggle becomes even more difficult. Recently, homeless people across Chicago faced freezing to death if they couldn't find shelter for the night.
Thankfully, one local woman refused to let that happen. On January 30,2022,34－year－old Candice Payne, a local managing broker, was lucky enough to have shelter from the dangerous conditions.
“It was －20 ℃ , and I knew they were going to be sleeping on ice and I had to do something，\〞 said Payne. Payne started brainstorming different ways she could possibly help. Finally, she decided to see if there were any rooms available at local inns and hotels that she could get to help those stuck on the street.
For Payne, her mission was personal. According to Payne, her husband, Carlos Callahan, had lived on the streets at one point in his life. Based on his experiences, Payne knew that the homeless people still out on the street desperately needed help and that if she didn't step up to help, no one likely would.
However, when Payne explained what she was trying to do, many of the local hotels refused to allow her to pay for the rooms as they didn't want homeless people to stay in their rooms. “No one wanted them, but one hotel, the Amber Inn, was nice enough to allow me to buy the rooms，\〞 said Payne.
Payne's selfless act made news across the country. However, she insisted she had never done it for attention.“I am a regular person，\〞 said Payne, who spent thousands of dollars of her own money to help complete strangers.“It all sounded like a rich person did this, but I'm just a little black girl from the South Side.\〞
1．What does the underlined word “that\〞 in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Locals living on the street.
B．The homeless freezing to death.
C．The extreme weather.
D．The shelter for the homeless.
2．How did Candice Payne help the homeless people?
A．By drawing public attention.
B．By giving them money directly.
C．By taking them to her own house.
D．By buying hotel rooms for them.
3．What may contribute to Payne's nice act?
A．Her husband's past experiences.
B．The requests from the homeless.
C．Her desire to become famous.
D．The coldness of local hotels.
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．A Black Fighter Changes the World
B．A Woman's Curiosity Brings a Reward
C．A Regular Woman Makes a Difference
D．A Couple's Brave Act Moves the Country
B
[2022·昆明市高三复习诊断]Who're happier, men or women? Research shows it's a complex question and that asking whether males or females are happier isn't really that helpful, because basically, happiness is different for women and men.
Women's happiness has been declining for the past 30 years, according to recent statistics. And research shows that women are twice as likely to experience depression compared with men. Gender(性别) differences in depression are well confirmed and studies have found that biological, psychological and social factors contribute to the difference.
Early studies on gender and happiness found men and women were socialized to express different feelings. Women are more likely to express happiness, warmth and fear, which help with social bonding and appear more consistent with the traditional role as a primary caregiver, while men display more anger, pride and disrespect, which are more consistent with a protector and provider role.
Recent research suggests that these differences are not just socially, but also genetically related. Studies have looked into these findings further and discovered that females use more areas of the brain containing mirror neurons (镜像神经元) than males when they process feelings. Mirror neurons allow us to experience the world from other people's view, to understand their actions and intentions. This may explain why women can experience deeper sadness. Women tend to experience more negative feelings, such as more guilt, shame and to a lesser degree, embarrassment.
Psychologically it seems men and women differ in the way they process and express feelings. With the exception of anger, women experience feelings more strongly and share their feelings more openly with others. Studies have found in particular that women express more appreciation — which has been linked to greater happiness. This supports the theory that women's happiness is more dependent on relationships than men's.
5．Which feeling are men more likely to show compared with women?
A．Warmth. B．Depression.
C．Happiness. D．Disrespect.
6．What factors cause women to share feelings more openly?
A．Psychological factors. B．Biological factors.
C．Educational factors. D．Social factors.
7．One can probably read the text from ________.
A．a science fiction B．a culture brochure
C．a nursery guide D．a health magazine
8．What is the text mainly about?
A．Men and women differ in biology and psychology.
B．Men and women experience happiness differently.
C．Social roles have a great effect on men and women.
D．Women's happiness has declined in the past years.
Ⅱ.完形填空
[2022·河北九校第一次联考]As a young girl I dreamed of being a dancer, so my parents let me attend dance classes when I was in first grade. But I __1__ knew the years to follow would teach me so many life lessons: hard work, leadership, passion (激情)．..
I was a part of dance teams where I learned to dance in __2__ styles such as jazz, tap dance, ballet and so on. Due to my talent and hard work, I quickly __3__ in the teams. However, these classes became too __4__ for my parents when I was 13, leading me not to take conventional dance classes for the next four years. I knew we were not __5__ then, so I had no complaint.
__6__ I was not taking dance classes, I used what I learned in __7__ classes to keep my flexibility and develop my dancing skills. Throughout this time my __8__ for dancing helped me learn how to be a(n) __9__ as I coached myself, taught my sisters and __10__ my own shows for my family. With the time and hard work in the four years when I __11__ to take dance classes, I was able to be __12__ to my high school dance team.
Over the next three years in the team I __13__ myself to be the best dancer. I managed to involve myself in every dance __14__； I also struggled with many __15__. During the first year on the team both of my ankles hurt several times, and it took me months of __16__. However, my second competition season __17__ patellar tendinitis(肌腱炎) in my knees, which __18__ disturbs me constantly till today. Even so, I was able to become a co－captain of the team and lead them to __19__ the first national championship title in the __20__ of the team!
1．A.really B．merely
C．suddenly D．barely
2．A.various B．latest
C．unique D．classical
3．A.worked out B．took out
C．came out D．stood out
4．A.deadly B．strange
C．costly D．valuable
5．A.happy B．content
C．comfortable D．secure
6．A.Now that B．Even if
C．As though D．Just when
7．A.new B．primary
C．previous D．final
8．A.energy B．admiration
C．appreciation D．enthusiasm
9．A.instructor B．performer
C．partner D．contributor
10．A.spoke about B．backed up
C．made up D．put on
11．A.attempted B．failed
C．chose D．intended
12．A.admitted B．addicted
C．adapted D．applied
13．A.considered B．pushed
C．warned D．expected
14．A.examination B．campaign
C．activity D．trial
15．A.injuries B．goals
C．disagreements D．desires
16．A.recovery B．practice
C．suffering D．learning
17．A.cured B．caused
C．defeated D．fought
18．A.just B．also
C．yet D．still
19．A.approach B．understand
C．win D．keep
20．A.organization B．history
C．charge D．imagination
Ⅲ.短文改错
[2022·贵阳市高三摸底考试]
Dear Jack，
I'm glad to learn that you are interesting in the students' reading in your school. We have a grand library on a collection of 200,000 books and 5 large reading rooms, in that we have easy access to the network. Anyone fond of reading is freely to go there whenever they are available. A monthly activity is holding for students exchange their ideas about reading. Every autumn we had a reading festival where drama performances are shown and distinguished writer are invited.
In the library, books on history are my favorites, from which I get a better understanding of human civilization and a progress both in China and abroad.
Best wishes!
Yours，
Li Hua
课时作业(十六)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
体裁：记叙文　主题语境：人与社会——爱心故事——帮助无家可归者过冬的无私女士
【语篇解读】　本文主要讲述了一位普通的芝加哥女士受到她的丈夫的经历的触动，为防止无家可归者在大街上被冻死，决定为他们订旅馆的房间；她的无私善举传遍全国。
【难句分析】　Based on his experiences, Payne knew that the homeless people still out on the street desperately needed help and that if she didn't step up to help, no one likely would.(Para.4)
分析：该句为主从复合句。句中“that the homeless people still out on the street desperately needed help〞“that if she didn't step up to help, no one likely would〞为that引导的两个宾语从句，作及物动词knew的宾语；其中第二个宾语从句中的“if she didn't step up to help〞为if引导的条件状语从句。
译文：根据他的经历，Payne知道那些仍然在街上的无家可归的人迫切需要帮助，如果她不站出来帮助，没有人可能会。
1．B　考查代词指代。根据第一段尾句“Recently, homeless people across Chicago faced freezing to death if they couldn't find shelter for the night〞可知，最近，芝加哥各地的无家可归者如果找不到过夜的地方，就会被冻死。结合画线词所在句可知，幸好，一位当地的女士拒绝让此发生。据此可推知，画线词that指代“The homeless freezing to death〞。
2．D　考查细节理解。根据第三段尾句“Finally, she decided to see if there were any rooms available at local inns and hotels that she could get to help those stuck on the street〞可知，Candice Payne最终决定为这些无家可归者订旅馆的房间以免他们被冻死，故D项正确。
3．A　考查细节理解。根据第四段第二、三句“According to Payne，her husband, Carlos Callahan, had lived on the streets at one point in his life. Based on his experiences，Payne knew that the homeless people still out on the street desperately needed help and that if she didn't step up to help，no one likely would〞可知，由于受到她的丈夫无家可归的经历的触动，她决定帮助这些无家可归的人，故A项正确。
4．C　考查主旨大意。 根据第二段第一句“Thankfully, one local woman refused to let that happen〞和尾段最后两句并结合全文其他内容可知，本文主要讲述了一位普通的芝加哥女士受到她的丈夫的经历的触动，为防止无家可归者在大街上被冻死，决定为他们订旅馆的房间；她的无私善举传遍全国。故C项“一位普通女士的影响〞最适合作本文的标题。
B
体裁：说明文　题材：个人感情　主题：男性和女性在幸福感方面有差异
【语篇解读】　本文从社会、生理和心理三个方面介绍了男性和女性在幸福感上的差异。
【难句分析】　Gender(性别) differences in depression are well confirmed and studies have found that biological, psychological and social factors contribute to the difference.
分析：这是一个由and连接的并列句。that biological, psychological and social factors contribute to the difference为that引导的宾语从句。
译文：抑郁症的性别差异已得到充分证实，而且研究发现，生理、心理和社会因素造成了这种差异。
5．D　考查细节理解。根据第三段最后一句中的“while men display more anger, pride and disrespect〞可知，男性表现更多的是生气、骄傲和无礼，应选D。
6．A　考查细节理解。根据最后一段的内容可知，本段从心理方面介绍了男性和女性在处理和表达感情方面的不同：与男性相比，女性更加公开地表露自己内心的情感。
7．D　考查推理判断。根据本文内容可知，本文主要从社会、生理和心理三个方面分析了男性和女性在幸福感上的差异。由此可推知，本文有可能摘自一本健康杂志，应选D项。
8．B　考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，本文从社会、生理和心理三个方面分析了男性和女性在幸福感上的差异，故B项最符合文意。
Ⅱ.完形填空
体裁：记叙文　题材：个人经历　主题：学习舞蹈
【语篇解读】　这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了她学习舞蹈的经历，字里行间透露的是作者的毅力和决心。
1．D　依据But的转折和后面的内容“the years to follow would teach me so many life lessons：hard work, leadership, passion (激情)\〞可知，此处应用一个表示否认意义的副词，表示作者不知道接下来几年的舞蹈学习会教会她这么多。barely“几乎不，几乎没有〞，符合语境。
2．A　依据下文的“such as jazz, tap dance, ballet and so on〞可知，作者学跳各种风格的舞蹈。latest“最新的〞；unique“独特的\〞；classical“古典的〞。
3．D　依据上文的“Due to my talent and hard work\〞可知，由于作者既有天分又勤奋，她很快在舞蹈队里脱颖而出。work out“锻炼身体；计算出〞；take out“拿出；提取〞；come out“出版；被获知；盛开〞；stand out“出色；显眼〞。
4．C　依据下文的“leading me not to take conventional dance classes for the next four years〞可知，此处表示因为舞蹈课的费用非常高，父母无力支付，因此作者停止了舞蹈学习。costly是形容词，表示“昂贵的〞。
5．C　依据上文作者父母无力支付作者舞蹈学习费用的内容和下文的“so I had no complaint〞可知，此处表示作者知道家里并不宽裕，因此她并不抱怨父母。happy“幸福的〞；content“满足的〞；comfortable“宽裕的，富裕的〞；secure“平安的，牢靠的〞。
6．B　依据主句“I used what I learned... develop my dancing skills〞可以推断出，该空所在的从句是让步状语从句，故用Even if“尽管〞。
7．C　由上文可知，作者这几年没有上正规的舞蹈课，由此推断她靠以前学到的舞蹈知识来进行练习。primary“主要的；根本的\〞；previous“先前的\〞；final“最终的\〞。
8．D　依据上文可知，在不能上舞蹈课的情况下，作者还在坚持跳舞，由此可以推断出她对舞蹈饱含热情。energy“精力〞；admiration“钦佩；羡慕〞；appreciation“感谢〞；enthusiasm“热情〞。
9．A　依据下文的“coached myself, taught my sisters〞可知，对跳舞的热情帮助作者学习做一个指导者。instructor“教练，导师〞；performer“表演者〞；partner“伙伴，同伴〞；contributor“投稿人；捐献者〞。
10．D　依据“my own shows for my family〞可知，作者为家人表演节目。put on“上演〞。
11．B　依据第二段的最后两句可知，作者四年间没有上正规的舞蹈课，再联系本句中的“in the four years〞可知，fail to do sth.“未做某事〞符合语境。attempt“尝试〞；choose“选择〞；intend“打算，方案〞。
12．A　依据下一段内容可知，作者成为校舞蹈队的成员，因此这里指作者被校舞蹈队录取。be admitted to“被……录取〞。
13．B　依据下文的“I managed〞“I also struggled〞“I was able to become a co－captain of the team and lead them〞可知。此处表示在校舞蹈队期间，作者催促自己做该队中最优秀的队员。push sb. to be/do...表示“催促某人成为……/做……\〞。consider“认为〞；warn“告诫〞；expect“期望〞。
14．C　依据语境可知，作者努力参与每一项校舞蹈队的舞蹈活动(activity)。
15．A　依据下文的脚踝受伤、肌腱炎可知，在跳舞过程中作者曾屡次受伤(injuries)。
16．A　依据上文的“both of my ankles hurt several times, and it took me months of\〞可推断出，此处指作者脚踝受伤之后花费数月恢复，应选recovery“恢复，康复〞。practice“训练〞；suffering“痛苦〞；learning“学习〞。
17．B　依据上下文可知，第二个舞蹈赛季导致(caused)作者患肌腱炎。
18．D　依据下文的“disturbs me constantly till today〞可知，此处应表示这直至今天还困扰着作者，故用still。
19．C　即便有这么多伤痛，作者还是成功带着校舞蹈队赢得了校舞蹈队历史上第一个全国冠军。依据句中的“national championship title〞可知，此处用win。win the... title表示“获得……冠军头衔〞。
20．B　参见上题解析。
Ⅲ.短文改错
Dear Jack，
I'm glad to learn that you are interestin in the students' reading in you school. We have a grand library o a collection of 200,000 books and 5 large reading rooms, in tha we have easy access to the network. Anyone fond of reading is freel to go there whenever they are available. A monthly activity is holdin for students exchange their ideas about reading. Every autumn we ha a reading festival where drama performances are shown and distinguished write are invited.
In the library, books on history are my favorites, from which I get a better understanding of human civilization and progress both in China and abroad.
Best wishes!
Yours，
Li Hua
①interesting改为interested。考查形容词。“对……感兴趣〞应用be interested in来表达，故此处应将interesting改为interested。
②your改为our。考查代词。根据下文中的“We have a grand library〞可知，此处表示“在我们学校〞，故要用our。
③on改为with/of。考查介词。根据语境并分析句子结构可知，此处是介词短语作定语修饰library，表示该图书馆具备什么样的特征，或以什么样的形态存在，故此处应用with或of，表示该图书馆有20万册藏书和5个大阅览室。
④that改为which。考查定语从句。在“介词＋关系代词〞引导定语从句的结构中，介词后面不能用that，要用which或whom；本定语从句的先行词为reading rooms，故要用“in which〞引导该定语从句。
⑤freely改为free。考查形容词。本句中的“fond of reading〞为形容词短语作定语，修饰Anyone，故要用形容词free作表语和is共同构成谓语局部。
⑥holding改为held。考查动词的语态。A monthly activity“每月的活动\〞是“被举行〞的，故要用动词hold的被动语态，故要用held。
⑦exchange前加to。考查非谓语动词。此处应用动词不定式短语作目的状语，表示每月为学生举行的活动是为了让他们交流关于阅读的想法。
⑧had改为have。考查动词的时态。“Every autumn〞(每个夏天)作本句的时间状语，表示现在经常发生的动作，谓语动词要用一般现在时。
⑨writer改为writers。考查名词的单复数。根据后面的“are invited〞可知，此处的作家不止一人，故要用名词writer的复数形式。
⑩删除progress前的a。考查冠词。progress意为“进步〞，为不可数名词，故其前不能用不定冠词。
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