高考英语艺体生百日突围系列专题20阅读理解_议论文类.doc
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1、专题20阅读理解议论文类方法与技巧题型介绍:议论文是英语中的重要文体,在每年的高考阅读理解中占有一定的比例。相对于其它文体,议论文阅读要难一些,因此要多加重视。议论文就是说理性的文章,一般由论点、论据和论证过程组成。议论文都要提出论题、观点、提供充分的证据,使用一定的逻辑方法证明观点或得出结论。命题形式:从近几年观的高考英语试题来看,议论文类阅读理解的命题类型主要有:1. 主旨题考查考生对于议论文基本观点的理解,是主旨题设题的目的。做这种类型的题目要弄清作者想说什么,即作者写此文章的目的。2. 推理判断题这种题型的特点是以事实为依据,但其结果有绝不是事实本身。它主要测试考生的逻辑思维能力,侧重
2、于推理。3. 细节题细节题也是议论文试题的主要题型。这种题要求考生理解文中的具体观点和具体事实。三、议论文阅读理解题解题技巧第一,抓论点、寻论据阅读议论文我们要抓住论题,即作者提出的观点、给出的例证及最后得出的结论。抓住了论题,我们就把我了中心。第二,注重文章结构,理清文章脉络。把握文章结构,有利于对文章大意的理解。从论证方法上讲,常见的议论文结构有以下两类:1. Put forward a question Analyze the question Solve the question这就是“提出问题、分析问题、解决问题”的过程。2. Argument/Idea Evidence Concl
3、usion/Restating the idea这就是“由论点到论据到结论或者强调论点”的过程。第三,体会文章语言特点,把握作者写作态度,准确进行推理判断。能否正确把握作者的观点和态度是体现阅读能力的重要方面。一般来说,对作者的总的态度和倾向,必须在通读全文,掌握了论点和论据后,方能做出判断。在判断作者观点态度时,我们应注意,有时候作者的观点和态度并不是明确地表达出来的,需要我们认真体察。做推理判断时,一定要遵循逻辑规律,以事实为依据进行合理的推理。解题技巧:解答此类试题,可以从以下几个方面着手考虑:作者在开始叙述一个现象,然后对现象进行解释。这类文章的主题是文中最重要的解释或作者所强调的解释
4、,阅读时要注意作者给出的原因,所以又被称为原因结果(Cause & Effect)型。还有一种比较常见的是问题答案型,作者在一开始或一段末以问句提出一个问题(相当于一个现象),然后给出该问题的答案(相当于解释)。针对文中问题给出的主要答案就是这种文章的中心。这里强调一点:答题时优先考虑正面答题(直接从文章内容得出答案) ,然后从中心、态度或利用解的特征等其他角度对选项进行检验;如果从文章内容中直接无法解决,则从中心和态度方面考虑;次之从解的特征方面考虑。考生往往最怕此类体裁。山穷水尽时,记住:首先从整体上把握文章中心和作者所持的态度,靠近中心的就是答案体验高考2014安徽卷 DShould w
5、e allow modern buildings to be built next to older buildings in a historic area of a city? In order to answer this question, we must first examine whether people really want to preserve the historic feel of an area. Not all historical buildings are attractive. However, there may be other reasonsfor
6、example, economic(经济的) reasonswhy they should be preserved. So, let us assume that historical buildings are both attractive and important to the majority of people. What should we do then if a new building is needed?In my view, new architectural styles can exist perfectly well alongside an older sty
7、le. Indeed, there are many examples in my own hometown of Tours where modern designs have been placed very successfully next to old buildings. As long as the building in question is pleasing and does not dominate(影响) its surroundings too much, it often improves the attractiveness of the area.It is t
8、rue that there are examples of new buildings which have spoilt(破坏) the area they are in, but the same can be said of some old buildings too. Yet people still speak against new buildings in historic areas. I think this is simply because people are naturally conservative(保守的) and do not like change.Al
9、though we have to respect peoples feelings as fellow users of the buildings, I believe that it is the duty of the architect and planner to move_things_forward. If we always reproduced what was there before, we would all still be living in caves. Thus, I would argue against copying previous architect
10、ural styles and choose something fresh and different, even though that might be the more risky choice.68What does the author say about historical buildings in the first paragraph?ASome of them are not attractive.BMost of them are too expensive to preserve.CThey are more pleasing than modern building
11、s.DThey have nothing to do with the historic feel of an area.69Which of the following is TRUE according to the author?AWe should reproduce the same old buildings.BBuildings should not dominate their surroundings.CSome old buildings have spoilt the area they are in.DNo one understands why people spea
12、k against new buildings.70By “move things forward” in the last paragraph, the author probably means “_”Adestroy old buildingsBput things in a different placeCchoose new architectural styleDrespect peoples feelings for historical buildings71What is the main purpose of the passage?ATo explain why peop
13、le dislike change.BTo warn that we could end up living in caves.CTo admit how new buildings have ruined their surroundings.DTo argue that modern buildings can be built in historic areas.【要点综述】 本文为一篇议论文。保护古建筑与城市的发展是相互矛盾的,作者就如何解决这个矛盾谈了自己的看法。68. A细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“Not all historical buildings are attracti
14、ve.”可知选A。69. C细节理解题。根据第三段首句可知,作者认为有些古建筑破坏了其所在的地区。故选C。70. C词义猜测题。move things forward意为“将事情向前推进”。接下来的两句对此进行了阐释:作者宁愿冒险选择一些新的建筑风格而不愿复制以前的建筑风格。故C项正确。71. D写作意图题。本文为议论文,作者就热门话题古建筑保护与新建筑的建设是否矛盾发表了自己的看法。作者在第二段提出自己的观点“In my view, new architectural styles can exist perfectly well alongside an older style.” 接下来
15、就此进行了论证。故选D。2014福建卷 EAs has been all too apparent in recent days at Balcombe, few issues cause greater concern than energy policy. Many village communities feel their countryside is being ruined by the powerproducing machines of wind farms; yet they never take “direct action”, even though the planni
16、ng laws put them at a severe disadvantage. And the generous subsidies(财政补贴), which encourage the expansion of wind power, are not favourable to the village communities and set landowners in conflict with other residents(居民)Those who disagree with the rapid expansion of wind farms state that the dama
17、ge they cause is out of proportion(比例) to the benefits they bring, because their energy output cannot match that of the carbonbased power stations they are supposed to replace. Supporters insist that wind must be part of a mix of renewables, nuclear and carbon, and that the country is committed to m
18、eeting EU (European Union) targets for noncarbon energy generation. Against this background, the fact that there is an argument within the government over whether to publish an official report on wind farms impact on the countryside becomes even more extraordinary. The two parties in the coalition(联
19、合) government are in disagreement over what it should say.We have some advice for the two parties: publish the report, and let the country be the judge. Even if it contains evidence that wind farms are harmful, it will hardly be a pleasant surprise to people who do not like them. Equally, supporters
20、 must argue their case by acknowledging the concerns and explaining why they are either misplaced or worthy of much attention.The suggestion that further negotiations are to take place to produce an “acceptable” report suggests that the politics of coalition government are doing the country harm in
21、a certain way. Given the sensitivities involved, all the information should be available so that people can reach their own conclusions, rather than being left with the suspicion(猜疑) that facts are being replaced by political beliefs.72We can learn from the first paragraph that_Aenergy policy catche
22、s much attention of the publicBthe residents are in favour of the expansion of wind farmsCmany village communities are satisfied with the subsidiesDthe planning laws offer great benefits to the residents73Supporters think that the expansion of wind power _Ais more rapid than that of carbonbased powe
23、rBguarantees an increase in energy outputCis expected to be much better than that of nuclear powerDagrees with EU targets for noncarbon energy generation74It can be inferred from the passage that_Aan official report will settle the energy problemBthe two parties are divided over the issue of wind fa
24、rmsCthe two parties have agreed on a further negotiationDpolitical beliefs concerning energy issue go against facts75Which of the following reflects the authors opinion?AIncrease political impact on energy policy.BRelease a statement of supporters on wind farms.CLet the nation judge the facts about
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